Bio-oil for the Future Fast Pyrolysis Liquids as Energy Carriers
Technology supplied by Integrated Fast Pyrolysis VTT Technology The first integrated industrial plant will be the demonstration by Fortum Power and Heat in Finland in 2014 at the scale of 50 000 t/a of bio-oil. Bio-oil will be used in district heat production replacing fossil fuels. Metso DNA automation system High pressure steam Turbine Electricity Non-condensible gas District heat Forest residue Condenser Crusher Drying Fluidized bed boiler Pyrolysis unit Bio-oil
Weight % Bio-Oil Composition and Fuel Oil Properties Heating value 13-18 MJ/kg (LHV) Water content 20-35 wt% Viscosity between that of light and heavy fuel oils High ignition temperature Acidic, ph 2.5-3 Does not sustain combustion Density 1.17-1.22 kg/l Polymerizes slowly Not soluble in mineral oils 100 Bio-Oil Chemical Composition 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Pyrolysis liquid Aldehydes, ketones Acids 'Sugars' Water Extractives LMM lignin HMM lignin O C - CH 3 HO O C - H HO H 3C - OH ACIDS, ALCOHOLS BY GC/FID WATER BY KF SOLIDS AS METHANOL/DCM INSOLUBLES PYROLYSIS LIQUID EXTRACTIVES AS HEXANE-SOLUBLES WATER EXTRACTION WATER SOLUBLES ETHER EXTRACTION WATER INSOLUBLES DICHLOROMETHANE EXTRACTION ETHER SOLUBLES ETHER INSOLUBLES DCM-SOLUBLES MM 400 Da DCM-INSOLUBLES 1050 Da ALDEHYDES, KETONES OH O H 2C - CH O OH O H 2C - C - CH 3 CH 2 O OH O LIGNIN PHENOLS HO OH OH OCH 3 OH OH SUGARS FURANS O CHO Ether-soluble compounds can be identified by GC/MSD
Production kg The VTT Fast Pyrolysis Process Development Unit Capacity 20 kg/h feed, Oil 10-15 kg/h 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Crop Filter Wood Test run period 11/1996 9/2012 Time of operation > 3700 h Production 45 t liquids total Typical run 0.3-1 t a week
Performance Balance Assessment AspenPlus Steady-State-Models Validated with Experimental Data Power input Heat loss RAW MATERIAL W W Power output District heat Power input Heat loss FUEL Q AspenPlus-models may be used to evaluate industrial plant mass and energy balances, which enables industry to evaluate preliminary economic feasibility of fast pyrolysis for their specific cases. Analysis and Design of Bioenergy Processes Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Validated with Experimental Data CFD-models are used to improve fast pyrolysis designs. From left: Computed temperature distribution (K), rate of release of bio-oil components (red indicates large rate, blue low rate) during pyrolysis, and some wood particle tracks coloured by initial size (blue indicates small size, red large size: 0.125 mm-5 mm).
Pilot-Scale Test Rig for Pumping, Filtration, Homogenisation of Bio-Oils MAT-Reactor for Co-Refining Development Small Continuous Hydrotreatment System High Pressure Batch Autoclaves 0.5 1 l 300 bar 270 bar FC PC Furnace 1 20 cm / 12 mm ID H 2 Storage 350 bar Furnace 2 30 cm / 12 mm ID 100-200 bar H 2 Compressor HPLC pump PC Steam trap Gas To GC H 2 Pyro oil Liquid
Recent VTT Publications on Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Lehto, Jani; Oasmaa, Anja; Solantausta, Yrjö; Kytö, Matti; Chiaramonti, David. 2013. Fuel oil quality and combustion of fast pyrolysis bio-oils. Espoo, VTT. 79 p. VTT Technology; 87 Oasmaa, Anja, Kuoppala, Eeva, Elliott, Douglas, C.. 2012. Development of the basis for an analytical protocol for feeds and products of bio-oil hydrotreatment: ACS. Energy & Fuels, Vol. 26, Nr. 4, Pp. 2454-2460 Oasmaa, Anja, Källi, Anssi, Lindfors, Christian, Elliott, D.C., Springer, D., Peacocke, C., Chiaramonti, D.. 2012. Guidelines for transportation, handling, and use of fast pyrolysis bio-oil. 1. Flammability and toxicity. Energy & Fuels, Vol. 26, Nr. 6, Pp. 3864 3873 Elliott, D.C., Oasmaa, Anja, Preto, F., Meier, D., Bridgwater, A.V.. 2012. Results of the IEA round robin on viscosity and stability of fast pyrolysis bio-oils. Energy & Fuels, Vol. 26, Nr. 6, Pp. 3769 3776 Elliott, D.C. et al. Results of the IEA Round Robin on Viscosity and Aging of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oils: Long- Term Tests and Repeatability, Energy & Fuels ASAP, 2012 Elliott, D.C., Hart, T.R., Neuenschwander, G.G., Rotness, L.J., Olarte, M.V., Zacher, A.H., Solantausta, Yrjö. 2012. Catalytic hydroprocessing of fast pyrolysis bio-oil from pine sawdust: ACS. Energy & Fuels, Vol. 26, Nr. 6, Pp. 3891-3896 Solantausta, Yrjö, Oasmaa, Anja, Sipilä, Kai, Lindfors, Christian, Lehto, J., Autio, J., Jokela, P., Alin, J., Heiskanen, J.. 2012. Bio-oil production from biomass: Steps toward demonstration: ACS. Energy & Fuels, Vol. 26, Nr. 1, Pp. 233-240
VTT Offers Research services through the whole value-chain from biomass procurement to biooil: Feedstock characterization and assessment of its value as bio-oil production feed Bio-oil production in bench (1 kg/h) or pilot-scale (20 kg/h feed) in catalytic or non-catalytic operation modes Bio-oil quality assessment (physical and chemical properties), and assessment of its suitability to different end-use applications including further upgrading Bio-oil upgrading tests (HDO) with a continuous lab-scale catalytic upgrading unit Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) experiments in a 1 liter batch unit (T max 350 C, P max 250 bar) Techno-economic assessments and consulting services : Techno-economic assessments of bioenergy concepts employing AspenPlus modelling software to determined process lant performance Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of bioenergy systems Green House Gas (GHG) balances for bioenergy concepts Yrjö Solantausta, yrjo.solantausta@vtt.fi Anja Oasmaa, anja.oasmaa@vtt.fi Lars Kjäldman, lars.kjaldman@vtt.fi VTT Synfuels Biologinkuja 3-5 PO Box 1000 FI-02040 VTT Finland www.vtt.fi