thermal insulation materials Reducing energy use in buildings Civil and Environmental Engineering Building Technology
Different materials Thermal conductivity (mw/mk) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Aerogel
Aerogel Monolithic Granules
Mainly used in composites Polymer blanket Lime mortar
District heating pipes Reduced losses 15-20% No change after 1 year
Vacuum insulation panels Fumed silica: 20 mw/(m K) VIP: 4 mw/(m K) 7-8 mw/(m K) after 25 years
From cryogenics to buildings 1930 first patent (Germany) 1963 more specified patent (USA) 1990 s replaces CFCs 1998 facade in Germany Refrigerators, vending machines Refrigerated transports Source: va-q-tec Buildings Source: Panasonic Source: ZAE Bayern
Research question Energy use should be reduced by 50% in 2050 Listed buildings limits the possible solutions Novel materials could reduce the energy use while preserving the features of the building
The Swedish building stock % of building stock 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 U-value of exterior wall 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Year of construction Boverket. (2010). Energi i bebyggelsen - tekniska egenskaper och beräkningar - resultat från projektet BETSI. Karlskrona, Sweden: Boverket. Year of construction
Laboratory study Chalmers Energy Conference 2013 Interior insulation Homogenous brick wall, 250 mm thick, 3x3 m Four wooden beam ends Sun and rain Simulations Interior plaster/ adjustment layer Wooden floor beams 100x225 mm (4x9 in.) Homogenous brick wall 380 mm (15 in.) VIP e.g. 20 mm (0.8 in.) 200 mm (8 in.)
Case study building Landshövdingehus from 1930, retrofitted in late 1970s Reference Test wall 110 m 2
U-värde [W/m 2 K] 1 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 Chalmers Energy Conference 2013 U-value dependent on VIP thickness 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 d VIP [mm]
The Swedish building stock % of building stock 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 U-value of exterior wall 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Case study Punctured VIP Thermal bridges With VIP Year of construction Boverket. (2010). Energi i bebyggelsen - tekniska egenskaper och beräkningar - resultat från projektet BETSI. Karlskrona, Sweden: Boverket. Year of construction
Case study building Mineral wool VIP
Flat roofs and terraces Mineral wool 100 mm Same level Willems, W. and Schild, K. (2005). Vacuum Insulated Constructions in Detail. Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, June 13-15, 2005, Reykjavík, Iceland. pp. 928-936.
Finally Super insulation + Limited space Terraces Bay windows Window niche + Listed buildings + High land price + Prefabricated elements Higher costs Durability Service life
Finally Super insulation + Limited space Terraces Bay windows Window niche + Listed buildings + High land price + Prefabricated elements Higher costs Durability Service life
http://www.lib.chalmers.se/
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