MINDBill Billing and Customer Care Solution End-to-End Billing and Customer Care 2015 MIND CTI Ltd.
Table of Contents EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW... 1 ARCHITECTURE HIGHLIGHTS... 2 LOGICAL ARCHITECTURE... 2 The Access Layer... 2 The Business Layer... 3 The Data Layer... 3 The Management Layer... 3 CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT... 4 ACCOUNTS... 4 Unlimited Hierarchy of Accounts... 4 Customer care... 5 Order Management... 5 Scheduled Package Change... 6 Product Catalog... 7 Trouble Ticketing... 8 MINDBill EBPP (Electronic Bill Payment Presentation & Self Care)... 9 MINDBill Point of Sale Solution... 9 MINDBill Online Store Module for Mobile Operators... 10 Goods... 12 Account Journal... 12 PARTNER MANAGEMENT... 13 INTERCONNECT... 14 ROAMING... 14 VIRTUAL PROVIDERS... 14 AGENTS... 16 BILLING AND FINANCE... 17 RATING... 17 The Rating Engine... 17 INVOICING... 17 General Ledger (G/L)... 18 Collection Procedures... 18 PRE-PAID... 20 LOTS MANAGEMENT... 20 CARDS MANAGEMENT... 20 VOUCHER MANAGEMENT... 20 BALANCE MANAGEMENT... 20 SERVICE ENABLING... 21 SERVICE INTELLIGENCE... 22 OFFLINE MEDIATION... 22 REAL TIME MEDIATION... 22 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA)... 22 Provisioning and Service Fulfillment... 23 SIP / IN Prepaid Application Servers... 23 INFRASTRUCTURE AND OPERATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM... 25 BUSINESS PROCESSES ENVIRONMENT... 25 Introduction... 25 Business Process Development Life Cycle... 25 MINDBILL INTERFACES... 25
THE MIND REPORT GENERATOR... 26 MINDBILL BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE (BI)... 26 SNMP AND MONITORING TOOL... 27 COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGY... 27 MINDBILL PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE... 28 SCALABILITY AND HIGH AVAILABILITY... 28 AUDIT TRAIL... 29 SUMMARY... 29
Executive Overview Today, fixed and mobile networks create new revenue opportunities for service providers by offering a convergence of voice, data, video and content services. The spotlight has moved from simply increasing the number of subscribers to maximizing profitability by introducing new business models, offering new advanced services and by gaining new markets. Founded in 1995, MIND is a leading provider of innovative, real-time billing & customer care, mediation and provisioning solutions, dedicating its efforts to drive telecom service providers towards their realization of these goals. MIND s strength derives from its proven expertise in releasing award-winning products, a commitment to building high quality solutions for its customers, constant innovation and the ability to track the latest market trends and keep ahead of industry changes. MINDBill, MIND s convergent end-to-end billing and customer care solution, facilitates voice, data, video, and content services for both prepaid and postpaid subscribers, in mobile (2G, 3G, LTE, HSPA+), broadband and wireline networks. MINDBill s flexible engine enables support for the entire spectrum of telecommunication service providers, such as Carriers, ISPs, MVNOs, MVNEs, n-play, Cable operators and more; MIND s end-to-end solution reduces the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) by providing a single platform for all billing needs. MIND s faster and cost-effective deployment enables immediate Return on Investment (ROI) and ongoing lower cost of operation by providing a user friendly and easy-to-use solution. MIND offers service providers a billing and customer care solution enabling the flexibility, scalability, and reliability they need to increase customer satisfaction, reduce time to market and operational expenses, and keep up with the often-changing market conditions. MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 1
Architecture Highlights The MINDBill Multi-layered infrastructure is supported by a modular software architecture enabling realtime distribution processing, achieving performance, scalability and high availability. MINDBill uses an open architecture including the latest software paradigms - Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Document Oriented Architecture (DOA) -thus enabling fast and seamless integration with other systems and third-party applications MINDBill is built using standardized best-of-breed object-oriented technologies such as Java and XML, and it is J2EE compatible as it is powered by a commercial Application Server. Logical Architecture The MINDBill logical architecture is based on four layers: the Access layer, the Business layer, the Data layer and the Management Layer. Figure 1 MINDBill Logical Architecture The Access Layer All the modules that interface with external systems (i.e. Intranet, Internet, Telephony Network, etc.) are placed in the Access layer. The Access layer consists of the following sub-layers: Management Access MINDBill Management Access provides the operator with the following main modules: Service Creation and Product Catalog - allow providers to configure and launch new services and business models in fast time-to-market; Customer Care - Web-based Access tools for both Customer Service Representatives and for subscribers' Self-care; MIND APIs Enabling open interface with external systems. Network Access The MINDBill Network Access enables the exchange of business and operational information between MINDBill and the various network elements. It consists of 3 main modules: MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 2
Mediation - Provides both real-time and batch collection, analysis and processing of billing events; Provisioning Updates and activates subscribers' services and features in the network elements; IN/SIP Application Server Call Control for prepaid services like prepaid card dialing based on IVR services, card re-charging, etc. for both IN (SS7) and SIP-based Networks. The Business Layer Figure 2 Topography The Business layer consists of the modules responsible for the various business processes and business logic of the MINDBill system: Rating and charging Billing and invoice generation Customer creation Trouble ticket Debt collection Additional business processes. The heart of the MINDBill business processes is the Workflow Engine, which provides the operator with the ability to modify and create new business processes. The Data Layer The Data layer holds the business persistent data. It includes the database and the common storage. It is based on the Oracle industry-proof database engine. The Management Layer The Management layer includes business and traffic reporting tools. MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 3
Customer Relationship Management MINDBill CRM is a bundled solution composed of user-friendly Web-based applications that focus on customer satisfaction and retention, while enabling efficient, straightforward, and easy-to-learn GUI for Customer Service Representatives and Subscribers. Accounts The term account is used in MINDBill to describe either a subscriber (end-user) or any other entity within a customer s hierarchy. MINDBill stores all the relevant information - such as contact and personal information, account status and statement details for every account. For every account, there is an assigned package that contains at least one service. In addition to the various attributes and parameters that were set at the service level, more information is added and customized at the account level of the service (such as special discounts, service status and service specific parameters), building a packet which is account specific. Accounts belong to one of the four categories of billing options: 1) credit account (postpaid customers with unlimited credit), 2) limited-credit account (postpaid customers with a pre-determined limit); 3) debit account (prepaid customers) or 4) debit-card (prepaid disposable calling cards). In order to access the service, the customer is required to enter a user code and a password. Unlimited Hierarchy of Accounts The complex web of relationships between the billable entities in an organization provides a formidable challenge in allowing billing flexibility and fast processing. Not only large enterprises, but also SMEs and even families are examples of business structures that sometimes have a very complex hierarchy. MINDBill supports these complex models in order to allow the provider to offer special and flexible products and promotions to such customers and bill for these services throughout the hierarchy. A well-structured system of accounts provides two major advantages: The rating and billing of services may be distributed within and between the layers of the hierarchy. Rules can be defined at any level of the hierarchy and applied to lower levels. Figure 3 Account Hierarchy model MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 4
Customer care MINDBill WebCSR is used by Customer Service Representatives to handle and manage the entire life cycle of the account, starting as a prospect, going through the account creation and order management, account maintenance, customer retention and then finalizing with ending the contract and closing the account. This application gives the operator a complete centralized view on all the relevant aspects of the subscriber, including the services consumed, the generated invoices, finance information, customer s complaints and more. The system enables tracking and recording of all the interactions the CSR had with the subscriber. Using MINDBill's advanced security mechanism, CSRs operations are limited according to their access rights profile. Account Home Page MINDBill WebCSR Account Home page gives a single centralized and summarized view on the subscriber (or hierarchy of subscribers). It is tailored to the operator s specific needs and business model. The Account Home page shows the subscribers contact details, current package and services, discounts, last invoices and payments, active business processes (e.g. debt collection) and the last activities performed on the account. It also enables performing most of the common operations (e.g. adding a payment; adding a service to the subscriber; etc). Figure 4 WebCSR home page Order Management MINDBill supports a flexible and robust Order Management process that handles orders from the customer's contact, through account creation, registration, package selection, provisioning and activation. The Order Management process involves different users from various departments (e.g. supervisor approval of the contract, technician test, etc.), integration with external legacy systems (e.g. inventory), interaction with 3 rd party services (e.g. Address Validation) and more. MINDBill uses its robust inherent workflow capabilities to tailor an order management process that meets the operator s business model and requirements. MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 5
The following screen is an example of contract configuration, including integration with a 3rd party inventory. Figure 5 Order management contract configuration Scheduled Package Change The MINDBill system allows for account package change request on any day of the month, while the actual change takes place at a later time, e.g. only at the beginning of the next month. Figure 6 Package Change The user can switch to a new package if he finds that the current plan no longer meets his needs. He then chooses the desired services and features to be installed in the new package and the system will save the change until the predetermined date. The flow is based on the following generic steps: MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 6
The user chooses a new package and the desired date to implement the change. It will be either immediate (today) or a certain date in the future. If the desired date is immediate, then the change will be performed immediately. In case of a future package change request, the system will initiate a business process that opens a new future package change screen. On the predetermined date, the change takes place and the system clones some predefined properties of the previous package to the new package (e.g. phone numbers). In case of a failure, the system will retry, then attempt to perform the operation again. Product Catalog The MINDBill Product Catalog allows service providers to define, configure, and deploy new packages and services to suit any class of customer, and with respect to the availability and bandwidth requirements for these services, allowing them to take advantage of market developments and increase customer satisfaction. There are different classes of customers with respect to availability, bandwidth, and QoS requirements for these services. The Package & Services framework allows providers to define new packages and deploy new services instantly. MINDBill enables the definition, rating and bundling of unlimited combinations of services into packages, as well as assigning these packages to customers. The tariffs assigned to a service can be changed to reflect cost changes and promotions. New services can be added to existing packages to be available to all the owners of these products. Services can be enabled globally or for specific customers only. Using the MINDBill Product Catalog, new packages and services can be easily created and new services can be assigned to existing packages. Following are a few examples of services offered by service providers and that are all fully supported by MINDBill: Mobile LTE Video streaming; Voice and Fax over IP; Web browsing and hosting; Gaming; IP TV; E-Commerce; Voice-mail and E-mail. Packages A package is the bundle in which various services are supplied to a customer. Each package must have a defined currency and only the services using that currency will be available for that package. A service has to be introduced in a package before it can be made available to the customer. Therefore: A package must contain at least one service; A service can appear in more than one package; Only one package can be supplied to a customer. Services within a package can be enabled or disabled. This makes it possible to provide different services even to customers having the same package. Services can be enabled globally or for specific customers only. A set of services within a package can be defined as mandatory, meaning that all the customers having this package must have these services enabled. Products Products enable providers to offer add-ons to the customers existing packages. The product service helps and eases the administration of services. Instead of adding several services one by one to a MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 7
subscriber account, the provider can add and assign products containing all the services at once (for example, a Voice and Dialup Package is built of a Voice product and a Dialup product). A product is a group of services. Account packages are built from services and products. An account can have a stand-alone product. Each account can have one package assigned to it. This package can consist of services and products. The package is defined using a hierarchy of services and products. Some of the services are based on other services. These require the existence of the base service in order to be assigned to an account. These based-on services inherit the status (activation or deactivation) of the base service. Activating or deactivating the base service activates/deactivates all the dependent services and products. In the invoice reporting, services and products are grouped according to the service hierarchy. Services Services are the basic entities supplied by the provider and consumed by their customers. Each service has its own rating scheme (tariff) made up of a one-time charge, recurring charges, usage and valuebased charges. MINDBill gives providers the flexibility to define new service types, as well as customize and change existing services before assigning them to customers. Figure 7 Services and Products Trouble Ticketing A trouble ticket mechanism is essential for maintaining high-level service quality. Its aim is to coordinate the work of multiple users who may need to work on a single customer s problem and prevent problems from falling between the cracks. The MINDBill Trouble Ticket solution is a professional problem-tracking mechanism based on the flexible workflow engine. The system is introduced with a predefined flow designed to fit a wide range of telecommunication troubles ticket handling, such as: Technical problems; Customer s invoice claims; Internal troubleshooting reported by the company personnel; Network failures; MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 8
Software failures. The flow is based on generic steps that can meet almost any required trouble flow, as shown in the diagram below: Figure 8 Trouble Ticketing The mechanism has the ability to maintain problem categorization, as well as specific information according to each categorization. The ticket can be routed between different groups and users of the system according to configurable routing rules. The SLA mechanism manages the allowed period for each ticket or step on the ticket, while a notification mechanism alerts regarding any SLA violation or near violation; this mechanism can be configured according to different parameters of the ticket. MINDBill EBPP (Electronic Bill Payment Presentation & Self Care) The MINDBill Web applications enable convenient customer self-care through an efficient Web interface. They allow easy registration and subscriber verification of real-time balances, reduce the provider s costs, give subscribers real-time information on their account status, accessible anywhere and anytime. The MINDBill EBPP is a Web-based application that links the provider s Web site and the MINDBill system. MINDBill EBPP enables customers to check their current account status via the Internet, and: View their current balance View the details of all calls since the last invoice View all the invoices generated for this account View all the payments registered for this account Add new accounts Add new payments. In addition, MINDBill EBPP allows service providers to configure online customer registration and payment. MINDBill EBPP can authorize the user s credit card in real time. The ability to adapt the look and feel of the interfaces enables the provider and its sub-providers to maintain a consistent experience for the end user. MINDBill Point of Sale Solution The POS is aimed mostly at the wireless retail market, enabling operators to offer their products and services in retail stores and manage the process within our enhanced solutions. POS is fully integrated MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 9
into the MIND Billing and Customer Care solutions, allowing operators to offer seamlessly services and accessories for new and existing customers and even to non-subscribers. POS integrates with external systems such as the credit card clearinghouse, the external taxation engine and the address validation. POS includes three modules working together: The Resource Management Module The Sales Module The Cashier Management Module Solution architecture The MINDBill POS solution functions within the operation support system architecture, enabling an unlimited number of Point-of-Sale terminal devices to be operated simultaneously. Figure 9 MINDBill POS system architecture MINDBill Online Store Module for Mobile Operators As carriers add to their traditional business the e-business aspect, they require an attractive personalized online store that enables new subscribers registration as well as online shopping for goods or services in real-time over the Internet. MIND helps operators attract consumers and increase subscriber retention by supplying a sophisticated but easy to navigate e-store module that enables subscription, selection of devices, accessories, rate plans, contract terms and payment methods. Online stores represent the most cost effective method to get a wide reach. Attractive to carriers as they can reduce the number of physical sale locations and agents, at the same time it is an appealing alternative for consumers, as it becomes the most popular way to shop and allows them to save time. MINDBill Online Store is based on the MINDBill POS (the Point-of-Sale application) and is rich in detailed information on the plans and equipment the carriers offer. Most important it allows user interface adaptation and updates by the carrier s team and integrates easily with the existing carrier s website. MIND s solution for online shopping enriches the end user shopping experience and supports the operator s complete sales flow, including real-time inventory items stock updates based on sales and order fulfillment. This new offering enhances MIND s end-to-end solution and again helps MIND customers reduce costs, as integration between platforms is not required anymore. The benefits include the use of a single hardware platform for both retail stores and online stores, one product catalog, combined reports and a common inventory management. MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 10
The MINDBill Resource Management The Resource Management Module is a comprehensive inventory system that supports the warehouse chain of the operator and his stores. It automates the management and tracking of the equipment sold to subscribers. The solution keeps track and manages the equipment by serial number, status, and location, providing the flow management from the purchase order through the reception of the items shipment, distributing the items to the stores and the allocation of the items to the customers. The MINDBill Resource Management features: Handling of item reception including a full management of P.O. Agreements with the suppliers; Item catalog and pricing management; Item status flow management and control including on-hand count procedures; Items locations management; Report generation on the inventory items; Integrated solution with MINDBill Billing and Customer Care platform; Integrated solution with MIND POS; Integration with POS hardware devices such as the bar code reader for easily locating an item by scanning. Figure 10 MINDBill Resource Management Architecture The Sales Module The sale module is an easy to use cashier station that supports all service activations, phones and accessories sales through one interface on a single receipt. The Sales module enables all payment methods such as Cash, Check, Credit Card, etc. It provides full control of the cashier devices such as Cash Drawer, Credit Card swipe, Bar Code reader and Ribbon printer. MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 11
The Sales module interacts with the Resource Management module to show the sales clerk the available items for sale in the store warehouse, to assign sold items to customer accounts, and to enable flows such as returns and repairs. The Cashier Management Module The cashier module is a comprehensive store management environment that implements, in coordination with the Sales module, drawer and workstation assignments to clerks, Open day and Close day procedures, Cash transfers between drawer and safe, and a rich set of reports. Goods Goods are equipment items (e.g. LTE Phones) supplied by the provider and related to specific services, packages, or directly to accounts. They are billed and handled by MINDBill. Goods types and models can be defined and assigned to services using the MINDBill Product Catalog. The customer can receive an equipment item separately or bundled in the package. Account Journal Customer care is based on having an up-to-date, comprehensive, and consolidated customer profile. MINDBill has a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Journal, which keeps track of all customerrelated events and information, creating a complete customer profile. CSRs can manage their customer relationships in an organized way; by accessing information, they can match customer needs with product plans and offers, remind customers of payments or service requirements, or find out what other products or services a customer has purchased. MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 12
Partner Management Today s network operators must conduct business with an increasing number of partners to successfully meet the business and technological challenges of the communications market. Figure 11 Partnerships Model To increase profit margins, service providers need to intensify subscribers usage by offering a variety of services and applications. The ability to market different, multi-origin services under a unified service brand, as well as deliver a single service under multiple service brands is vital. MINDBill gives service providers a powerful tool to define, track and manage partnership agreements through a blend of revenue-sharing schemes based on a variety of rating metrics. Fixed or percentage-based commission; Usage-based rating by volume, item, or value; Hierarchical and multi-party rating for varying rates throughout the value chain; E-commerce transaction rating provided by third parties; In the case of transactions that involve multiple partners, MINDBill allows the definition of different rates between any two parties along the value chain. Business entities and relationships MINDBill s robust partner management solution covers all types of partnership agreements, ranging from: interconnect agreements and supporting roaming partners; commission-based agreements applicable to distribution and channel partnerships, to usage and content-based agreements applicable MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 13
to content providers. MINDBill makes it simple to define, manage, rate, and bill a wide range of settlement models including a chain of wholesale-retail markup tariffs. The features included in MINDBILL cover: Issuing statements, invoices, reconciliation and credit notes Issuing comprehensive settlement reports Dispute handling mechanisms Implementation of complex revenue-sharing schemes. Interconnect Service providers typically have their own network and central billing system. Services outside the provider s network are provided according to agreements with other providers. The Interconnect reporting module of the billing system is responsible for rating calls according to the agreements with other providers. Interconnect calls are calls handled by more than one operator. An interconnect charge is the charge for carrying a call that originated or terminated on another network. With the Interconnect reporting module, the Service Provider can claim payments and validate claims for payment of the interconnect charges. Roaming Roaming, the ability to provide services to visiting subscribers, on the one hand, and on the other hand, to roam subscribes in other networks, has become an integral part of the mobile service. The MINDBill system provides the ability to generate roaming usage files, TAP files for GSM Partners and CIBER files for CDMA Partners, for inbound traffic of visiting roamers, and to process incoming TAP/CIBER files of outbound roaming usage traffic. Using its partner management capabilities, the MINDBill system provides the ability to define and manage the required roaming contracts terms (IMSI/MIN range, MNC, MCC, cut-off time, etc.) and the applicable tariff plan (IOT) for each roaming partner. Therefore, it enables to apply a markup-based, flat rate based, IOT-based, or any other required rating model for the incoming roaming traffic. As for the outgoing roaming traffic, the MINDBill Roaming Files generator enables to create TAP3/CIBER files for all of the applicable roaming partners using either a single IOT plan for all the partners, or multiple IOT plans. Furthermore, it supports processing and generating RAP files and CIBER rejects files. Virtual Providers MIND offers a Virtual Provider (VP) Architecture, where the main operator can have its branded offerings managed from the billing perspective as separated accounts from its own. The VP module allows the network provider to lease its network equipment and its billing system to other providers. These VPs are able to create subscribers (accounts), assign them and have complete control over the customization of invoice layouts and content through branded invoices and reports. The VP bills its subscribers according to its business models. Additionally, the parent provider bills its VPs based on diverse business models: Usage based (usage of the VPs subscribers is billed by the parent provider). Flat fee the parent provider bills the VPs a recurring charge, which is not usage dependant. MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 14
Figure 12 Business model diagram Key features Multi-level hierarchy of providers and virtual providers, accessible according to security permissions. Each level can create and manage its own accounts, call shops, and VP descendants. The hierarchy is visualized. Each level can be billed by its parent provider according to the various rating schemes that exist in the system (e.g. usage-based, fixed rate, a combination of the two, etc.). Independency to the VPs to manage their business: Complete business segregation (product catalog per each provider). Enhanced security enabling the network provider to define the level of VPs independency. Web access to the VP functionalities. Ability to pass on parent characteristics to the descendants Revenue leakage prevention Restricting VP to offer only certain services and features. Blocking the VP s subscribers according to VP s balance versus its parent provider; call shops webbased management application. Flexible mediation, enabling mapping a business event of a subscriber (e.g. a phone call) to a specific service of the VP (in front of its parent), according to customizable business rules. MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 15
Agents Agents are 3 rd party independent representatives that receive a commission based on the revenue generated by the subscribers/customers that they acquire for the provider. The system enables assigning more than one agent per account, reflecting a more sophisticated partner scheme. Commissions The commission received by the agent can be calculated either according to one of the rating types, or according to any defined combination. The agent s commission can be a combination of fixed amount per invoice, fixed amount per call, fixed amount per minute, or percentage. MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 16
Billing and Finance MINDBill gives service providers the ability to manage various aspects that concern financial and revenue management, allowing them to know the financial situation of the business in real time. Rating MINDBill provides the flexibility needed to define new service types, their attributes and rating schemes, and make them instantly available to the customer. The real-time rating engine allows service providers to offer an unlimited number of rating schemes and billing plans, easily implementing new technologies and service pricing requirements. Providers can set different tariffs for individual customers and customer groups, and offer a variety of service bundles. Using MINDBill, providers can introduce promotion packages, discounts, and special rates to specific market segments. International providers can define rates in different currencies using the multicurrency and multi-time zone functionality, facilitating the assignment of special rates for certain days or time-of-day. The Rating Engine The Rating Engine provided by MINDBill is a powerful and flexible tool that operates in real time and allows providers to offer different rate and discount plans for different services and products. The MINDBill rating engine is designed to help providers increase the customer satisfaction level by differentiating the product offerings in order to meet client requests. Service providers are able to plan new products, services and promotional packages, and also to rate usage accurately and conveying billing flexibility. The MINDBill rating engine allows: Real-time functionality Different tariffs for individual and group customers Pricing based on multiple metrics data amount transferred, number of services accessed, specific content or application, quality of service Special discounts based on user-defined criteria Rating differentiation based on time of day, access device, bandwidth or location for the same service. Invoicing Invoice and shipment processes are crucial for the service provider to generate revenue. MIND provides invoice and shipment servers based on the J2EE technology, which ensure performance, scalability, and stability of the invoice generation, layout & shipment processes. The main features supported by the MINDBill invoice server are the following: A single bill for all services; Two methods of invoicing: Open invoice Separate balance per invoice; Closed invoice One invoice open at all times with balance forwarded from previous invoices; Each account can be assigned a separate billing cycle (weekly, monthly, quarterly, etc.); Post calculations (volume discounts, fixed charges, adjustments); Each step is monitored and revenue assurance reports can be generated; Invoices can be shipped by means of one or more of the following ways: MINDBill End-to-End Convergent Billing and Customer Care 17