Enabling Renewable Energy using Hydrogen Renewable Hydrogen Symposium Inn at the Forks, Winnipeg, Manitoba January 19, 2010
Hydrogenics in Brief A world leading manufacturer of electrolyzers and fuel cells Canadian-based company with offices in Toronto, Belgium and Germany: On Site Generation Systems: HySTAT Electrolyzers for industrial hydrogen and energy applications Power Systems: HyPM Fuel cells for backup power and mobility applications Renewable Energy Systems: Hydrogen system applications for community energy storage and smart grid 1,700 + hydrogen products deployed worldwide since 1948 2
Products and Technology HyUPS Backup Power System HyPM XR Fuel Cell Power Module extended run data centre and telecom UPS power HyPM HD Fuel Cell Power Module for mobility applications HyPX Fuel Cell Power Pack for material hadling IMET Electrolyzer Stations and HyLYZER PEM Electrolyzer Modules for OnSite hd hydrogen generation 3
Energy Storage 4
The Energy Storage Problem Renewable energy is driving the need for energy storage Wind and solar are intermittent Consumers and governments are pushing RE to higher proportions of grid mix Problems occurring when RE provides >10% of the grid mix Increased need for standby power and frequency regulation services Fossil fuel regulation undermines value of RE Higher RE penetration raises the need for energy storage 5
The Energy Storage Problem Wind and solar are intermittent Fossil fuel power currently provide power stability Energy storage is needed to maximize wind penetration Hydrogen storage is a good match to long-term energy storage needs for remote communities 100% Fossil Fuel 100% RE Fossil fuel cost driver Capital drives cost Imported energy Fully self-sufficient Pollution + emissions Zero-emissions 6
Energy Storage Technologies Renewable Energy Storage Hours Days Hydrogen Energy Storage Metal-Air Batteries Flow Batteries ZnBr VRB PSB NaS Batteries Pumped Hydro Compressed Air Energy Storage Discharge Tim me at Rated Pow wer Small Power Storage Minutes Power Quality Seconds Lon ng Duration Fly Wheels High Energy Super Capacitors High Power Fly Wheels Other Adv. Batteries Li-ion High Power Supercaps Lead-Acid Batteries Ni-Cd Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage 1 kw 10 kw 100 kw 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1 GW Source: Electricity Storage Association 7
Data Storage: Many Needs + Many Tools Energy Storage is No Different 8
Renewable Energy + Hydrogen Storage 9
Hydrogen Advantages Long term storage Hydrogen storage costs are a fraction of batteries and flow batteries Can store energy for days and weeks No power dissipation Dissociation of charge and discharge cycles and storage capacity Can size the components for the specific application More effective equipment use Flexibility for use in many applications Fueling for vehicles or other devices Zero emissions through entire system Hydrogen technology continuing to develop Technical advances and cost reductions underway Energy efficiency will be improved 10
Renewable Energy and Transportation 11
Intermittency and with Transportation Loads Added Rebalance with H 2 Production for Transportation/Energy Storage 12
Hydrogen Smart Grid A whole new world of possibilities 13
Hydrogen Fueling Pathway Electrolysis hydrogen generation pathway to fueling Controllable load matches with intermittent renewable energy Controllable Generation Uncontrollable Loads The Grid Renewable Power Electrolysis H 2 Fuel Controllable load matches intermittent power 14
Ancillary Services Definitions 15
Why utilize electrolyzer loads as a resource? Frees generating capacity Ancillary services typically consume generating capacity Using loads allows generating capacity to do what it was designed ed to do Better response to control-center requests Loads will respond more quickly because it is composed of many small resources Large generators are slower to respond Less redundancy and better capital utilization Aggregation of loads as a resource will require less redundancy Better modularity than single large generators 16
Hydrogenics Energy Network Patent US 6,745,105,,, EP 1,177,154, and EP 1,719,235, An energy distribution network comprising: at least one primary energy resource means for producing electricity; hydrogen production means for producing hydrogen using electricity received from said primary energy source; hydrogen storage means for storing at least some of said hydrogen produced by said hydrogen production means; hydrogen fuel user means for using hydrogen received from at least one of said hydrogen production means and said hydrogen storage means; and Data collection, storage, control and supply means linked to said primary energy source means, said hydrogen production means and said hydrogen fuel user means to determine, control and supply hydrogen by said hydrogen production means based on inputs including energy resource availability. 17
Electrolysis Characteristics Ability to quickly cycle on and off High availability during periods of highest value Rapid response Inherent redundancy Distributed locations Commercial IMET On/Off Rapid Cycle Testing. 18
Hydrogen Bus Refueling Scenario Bus Refueling Scenario Number of buses 3 10 100 Fuel consumption (kg/100km) 15 On board storage (kg) 40 Daily travelled distance (km) 250 Facility daily H 2 required (kg) 112 375 3750 Resulting H 2 production capacity (Nm 3 /h) 60 180 1800 Resulting power requirement (MW) 0.3 1.0 10 HySTAT Q s required 1 3 30 S1000 stacks required 4 12 120 S4000-90 stacks required 1 3 30 S4000-135 stacks required 1 2 20 19
Fueling Economics with Demand Response The addition of demand response revenue (OPA DR3) can help lower cost of hydrogen. CURRENT MODEL Elec Cost $222k HySTAT 60 60 Nm 3 /h (300 kw) $2.1M installed 100% Cap. Util. $12.50/kg DEMAND D E RESPONS MODEL Elec Cost $222k Demand Response Revenue $65k/yr HySTAT 60 60 Nm 3 /h (300 kw) $2.1M installed 100% Cap. Util. $11.00/kg Demand response = $200k/MW/yr; Electricity = $.08/kWh 20
Fueling Economics with Demand Response Large-scale hydrogen fueling with demand response revenue CURRENT MODEL Elec Cost $3.6M/yr S4000 x 16 960 Nm 3 /h (5 MW) $15M installed 100% Cap. Util. $8.25/kg DEMA AND RESPO ONSE MOD DEL Demand Response Revenue $1M/yr S4000 x 16 960 Nm 3 /h (5 MW) $15M installed 100% Cap. Util. $7.00/kg Demand Response = $200k/MW/yr; Electricity cost =.08/kWh 21
Product Offering: HySTAT -360 (Q) 22
August 6 th, 2009: DOE, NREL and SNRL Complete Real World Driving Evaluation Hybrid FCHV 2009 Toyota Highlander Gasoline Hybrid Full Tank Range: 710 km Avg. Fuel Economy: 9.0 L /100km Cost to fill up @ $ 0.95/litre: $ 63.90 2009 Toyota Highlander H 2 Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle Full Tank Range: 690 km Avg. Fuel Economy 1 : 3.4 L /100km Cost to fill up @ $ 8/kg H2 : $ 50.48 Competitive fuel prices Accelerating the transition to hydrogen 1. Converted from (kg) of hydrogen to litres of gasoline equivalent
Hybrid Midi Bus Demonstration Vehicle Length 17 ft (5.3 m) Type Seats Max speed Autonomy Drive Motor Low floor 8 + standing 20 mph (33 km/h) 125 mi (200 km) 12 kw PEM Fuel Cell 25 kw Fuel Hydrogen (99.99 %) Hydrogen storage Energy storage 5.8 kg NiCd Batteries 24
Proterra Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid Bus Length 35 ft (10.7 m) Type Low floor Seats 37 Max speed Autonomy Di Drive Motor Fuel Hydrogen storage Energy storage 60 mph (96 km/h) 300 mi (480 km) 32 kw PEM Fuel Cell 150 kw Hydrogen (99.99 %) 30 kg Li Titanate Batteries 2 x HyPM HD 16s Hydrogenics Fuel Cells 25
Community Hydrogen Energy Storage (HES) 26
Remote Community Power Application Enable continuous off-grid power from wind or solar Remote communities, islands and resorts Current Solution Served by diesel gensets Typical costs $0.60-$1.00/kWh $1 00/kWh Renewable Hydrogen System Hydrogen generation, storage and fuel cell coupled to renewable energy Fully zero-emission energy Self-contained energy system 27
Community Hydrogen System WIND GENERATED ELECTRICITY Air Compressor N 2 Generator Water Treatment Condens sation Recov very Electric city to Auxiliary Syste ems Excess Wind Energy diverted to Hydrogen productio on Excess Wind Energy dissipated Thermal Dump Load distributed to improve usability of heat energy HyS TAT standby heatin ng HySTAT cooling Synchronous Condenser for grid stability Heating from excess Wind Energy Control System tricity Generated Elect Standby heating for fuel cell DIESEL Back Up power ELECTRICAL LOAD HEATING LOAD Water supply to HySTAT HySTAT Electrolyzer Hydrogen storage Hydrogen HyPM fuel cell system Heating from Waste Heat Recovery 28
The HySTAT Electrolyzers Mature product serving industrial gas and fuelling markets On-demand, onsite high purity hydrogen production Automated, reliable, efficient and low maintenance HySTAT -15 15 Nm 3 /h, 1.4 kg/h 10 or 25 bar HySTAT -30 30 Nm 3 /h, 2.7 kg/h 10 or 25 bar HySTAT -60 60 Nm3/h, 5.4 kg/h 10 bar 29
Containerized Fuel Cell Module HyPM 150KVA Fuel Cell System (20 ISO container) HyPM XR rack serves backup power market Reliable and scalable power for critical systems Zero-emission, emission compact and highly efficient 30
Energy Storage Low Incremental Cost Tube trailer can deliver 6 MWh from fuel cell No leakage and no parasitic losses over time Storage costs of less than $100/kWh 31
Case Study: Community HES 32
Model Inputs Site Profile using Alaska Data 175kW peak load 6.5m/s average wind speed Low diesel price of $1/L Case A Existing Diesel Emissions based ultra low sulphur diesel Case B Wind/Hydrogen + Diesel Reduced diesel consumption Case C Wind/Hydrogen only Elimination of diesel 33
Model Component Sizing Diesel only Wind / Hydrogen + Diesel Wind/Hydrogen Diesel kw 175 175 Wind kw 2 x 330 3 x 330 Fuel Cell kw 100 200 Electrolyzer Kg/day 168 330 Storage Kg 100 1000 34
Model Results Diesel Only Wind/Hydrogen d + Diesel Wind/Hydrogen Initial Capital Cost $ 000 3,250 8,300 10,620 Net Present Cost $ 000 8,800 10,980 13,100 Operating Cost $ 000/yr 450 215 201 Cost of Generation (Diesel @ $1/L) $/kwh 0.78 0.97 1.16 Diesel Usage L/yr 291,400 49,400 0 CO 2 kg/yr 764,000 130,000 0 CO kg/yr 4,050 690 0 HC kg/yr 220 37 0 PM kg/yr 230 39 0 SO2 kg/yr 1,500 260 0 NOx kg/yr 2,300 400 0 35
Hydrogen Experience and Case Studies 36
Renewable Energy Projects to Date Name Year RE Source Country Equipment West Beacon 2003 Wind + Solar UK HySTAT 8 + FC Gas Natural 2007 Wind Spain HySTAT 60 + FC Hychico 2007 Wind Argentina HySTAT 60 (x2) + H2ICE genset Univ. of Glamorgan 2008 Wind + Solar Wales HySTAT 10 + FC Basin Electric 2008 Wind US HySTAT 30 + storage China Lake 2008 Solar US HySTAT 1 +HyPM BC Hydro 2009 Small Hydro Canada HySTAT 30 Ramea 2009 Wind Canada HySTAT 30 37
Hydrogenics Electrolysers in Fueling Stations in Europe Malmø, Sweden Amsterdam, Netherlands (CUTE) Barcelona, Spain (CUTE) Stockholm, Sweden (CUTE) Porto, Portugal (CUTE) Barth, Germany Dunkirk, France 38
Hydrogen Fueling Stations Experience in North America Toronto,Ontario (4) Vancouver, British Columbia Ford, Arizona APG, Arizona Richmond, California Torrance, California Diamond Bar, California Chula Vista, California Chino, California Oakland, California Rosemead, California Detroit, Michigan Minot, North Dakota 39
Robert McGillivray Director, Renewable Energy Hydrogenics Corporation +1 (905) 298-3337 rmcgillivray@hydrogenics.com i 40