High Fraction Hybrid Solar in Canada s North

Transcription

1 High Fraction Hybrid Solar in Canada s North Making $ s and Sense Now! Dave H. Gerwing B.Eng., M.Sc., P. Eng. Sr. Technical Engineer Lockheed Martin Canada [email protected] 1

2 Objectives of Presentation 1. Communicate Lockheed Martin s Product and Service Offerings 2. Share Test Results for Solar Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems 3. Present Simulation Results for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Northern Canada Communities 2

3 Lockheed Martin Canada Offerings 1. Engineer, Procure, Construct & Manage Complete Projects 2. Proprietary Solar Tracking Hardware 3

4 Existing Off Grid Power Systems 4

5 Off Grid Renewable Power System Charge Controller & DC-AC Inverter Typically Small Non-Scalable kw sized Solutions 5

6 Lockheed s Hybrid Solar Solution Hybrid Inverter = Charge Controller & DC-AC Inverter & AC-DC Rectifier Scalable Solutions kw MW size 6

7 Lockheed s Hybrid Solar + Wind Solution Hybrid Solar + Wind Power System Hybrid Inverter = Charge Controller & DC-AC Inverter & AC-DC Rectifier Scalable Solutions kw MW size 7

8 Northern Solar Resource Pros Low geographic resource variability Simple to install and maintain No special skills or tools Cons Sunset 3 months of winter darkness Needs storage or additional energy generators Anemic resource perception Fixed Tilt Latitude TRT Tracked Solar Panels Map Source NRcan % Trackers Make Canada s Northern Solar Resource Better Than The South 8

9 Wind Furling of PV Array Wind and Snow Compliant Solar Panel Mounting Lowers Anchoring and Structural Costs Tracked Panel Mounting = Lower Cost and Increased Energy Captured 9

10 Additional Benefits of Tracking Vertical panels are clear of snow Accumulated snow on fixed panels can take months to clear Solar Panels Clear of Snow Capture Up to 10% More Energy Per Year 10

11 Type of Mounting Matters 1.6x More Customers Served From The Same Solar Panels When Tracked 11

12 Compact Shipping & Wind Furling Patent Pending Pre-Assembly and Pre-Wiring = Reduce Cost for Remote Solar 12

13 On-Site Off-Loading and Deployment 14 kwdc System Field Labor: 2 men x 2 hours to erect from boom truck drop Minimum Touch With Minimum Equipment = Fast & Low-Cost Deployment 13

14 How to Measure Success Solar Fraction or Renewable Fraction SF or RF = Energy Delivered to Load from Solar or Renewable Total Energy Demanded by Load Levelized Cost of Electricity LCOE = RE Capital Cost & Maint Cost over Project Life ($) All the Energy Produced over Equipment s Life (kwh) Hybrid Solar Energy Systems have a lower LCOE than Diesel Generators in Canada s North TODAY! RF and LCOE are Key Metrics for Understanding Energy Solutions 14

15 Why Tracked Hybrid Solar in the North Validated universally available solar resource +/-15% Trackers add up to 60% more energy than fixed mount panels Pre-wiring and pre-assembly reduces field labour by up to 75% Low-skill deployment & maintenance Minimum on-site equipment Batteries and Hybrid Inverters enable renewable fractions >70% Return on Investment 4-8 years Resident Health Enhancements Lower noise Reduce up to 80% of diesel odor, & particulates Avoid up to 80% of Diesel Generated Greenhouse Gases Solar & Battery Hybrid = Enhanced Physical and Financial Health 15

16 Sustaining the Success Avoid the Stranded Asset Syndrome pick a pedigree integrator A high inertia company as an integrator will outlast the product Lockheed Martin Canada has: 75 years in Canada Competencies are: Proprietary solar tracking systems Integrated energy solutions Small, medium and large scale project management In service support for aging equipment Remote site logistics Training & re-training systems Lockheed Martin Excels at Long-Term In-Service Support 16

17 Solution Benefits Power System Diesel Genset Alone -2 Solar + Diesel + Battery -1 Solar + Diesel + Wind + Battery -2 Levelized Electricity Cost ($/kwh) Return on Investment (years) Diesel Run Time (hours/year) See below Base line % $0.76 SDB $0.93 Diesel Only $0.58 SDWB $0.75 Diesel only 6.8 years % 6.9 years % Renewable Fraction (% Renewable Energy/ Total Energy) Based on delivered diesel fuel cost of $2.00/liter & NREL - Homer simulations with Meteonorm Solar Data North Latitude - Canada North Latitude - Canada 17

18 High Fraction Hybrid Solar Energy Now Making $ s and Sense in Canada s North for product information, white paper & presentation Dave H. Gerwing B.Eng., M.Sc., P. Eng. [email protected] x

19 Back-Up Slides 19

20 Analyze Total Community Energy Use Energy Not Suitable In One Category May Be Perfect For Another 20

21 Advantage of Solar Tracking 40-60% more energy vs. fixed mount solar panels Location Latitude ( N) Paulatuk, NWT % Iqaluit, NT % Brochet, MB % Shamattawa, MB % Toronto, ON % Tracked/Fixed (%kwh) Tracked Solar In Canada s North = Huge Performance Gains vs. Fixed 21

22 Power Plant Capacity Factors Capacity Factor = Net Energy per Year from Source (MWh) Energy if Plant Operated at Nameplate Capacity 24x7x365 (MWh) Typical Capacity Factors Solar in Canada s North 10-12% Wind in Canada s North 5-40% (highly variable by geography) Solar in Nevada 19% Hydro 40% Concentrated Solar with Storage in Spain 75% Nuclear 91% Perception is that Capacity Factor = Maximum Renewable Fraction No Longer True With Cost Effective Storage and Hybrid Inverters Renewable Energy Capacity Factors Renewable Fraction 22

23 Wind Power Wind Power is Proportional to Wind Speed^3 Power 5mps Power 7mps = (5) 3 = (7) 3 36% Small Wind Speed Changes = Large Impact on Energy Supplied 23

24 Wind Prospecting with Lockheed Lidar Lockheed 3D Wind Energy Mapping Enhances Project Success 24

25 Renewable Fraction (RF) & Fuel Price Hybridizing Appropriate Technologies Maximizes Renewable Fraction 25

26 Tipping Point LCOE & Fuel Price Northern Tracked Solar is Less Expensive Than Diesel Electricity Today! 26

27 Cycle Charge vs. Load Following Under load following, the genset varies it s output power to follow the load meeting current electricity demands: None of the electricity produced by the diesel generators is stored by the battery but the genset runs 8760 hrs/yr Under cycle charging, the genset operates very efficiently at full capacity intermittently. Any surplus power charges the battery: Battery state of charge set points keep the battery at optimal charge levels automatically starting and stopping the genset Under this scenario, the diesel generators can be turned off, but a grid forming inverter is needed Integrating renewables with cycle charge can cost-effectively maximize their fraction of total energy supplied and dramatically reduce diesel fuel use, run times and maintenance costs Cycle Charging + Hybrid Inverter Minimize Diesel Run Times & Fuel Use 27

28 Hybrid Inverters Perform the following functions: Enable seamless transfer from grid forming Islanded operation mode to frequency following Grid Tie mode when gensets are powering the majority of the system Contain: Inverters for DC to AC load support from battery or DC renewable source AC-DC charger/rectifier to enable genset to charge the batteries DC to DC charge controllers to enable renewables to charge the batteries Keep the grid stable with 0-100% renewable fraction, genset on or off, using batteries as the system inertia Capable of no power Black Starts for remote system resets Full remote control and system monitoring Hybrid Inverters + Batteries Enable High Penetration RE Solutions 28

29 68 N Latitude Arctic Circle Canada Solar-Battery & Genset Cycle Charge Example 26% Renewable $2.00/Liter fuel price: 31% reduction in fuel 51% less genset run time Positive Net Present Value IRR in the teens ROI < 7 years Community System: 90 kw Genset 135 kw Solar 120 kwh Battery 100 kw Hybrid Inverter Community Renewable Energy is Economic Today! 29

30 58 N Latitude Northern Canada Solar-Battery-Wind & Genset Cycle Charge Example 53% Renewable $2.00/Liter fuel price: LCOE Diesel Alone: 0.75$/kWh LCOE SBW-D Hybrid 0.58$/kWh 55% reduction in fuel 62% reduced Genset hours IRR 13 % ROI ~ 7 years NPV: $6 M Saves 1,500 tons of GHG/year Community System: 425 & 855 kw Gensets 5118 MWh/yr Electrical Load 250 kw Solar 600 kw Wind 1MWh Battery 500 kw Hybrid Inverter High Impact Hybrid Solar Now Making $ s and Environmental Sense 30