LOCATIONAL MARGINAL PRICING FRAMEWORK IN SECURED DISPATCH SCHEDULING UNDER CONTINGENCY CONDITION

IJRET: Iteratioal Joural of Research i Egieerig ad Techology eissn: 2319-1163 pissn: 2321-7308 LOCATIONAL MARGINAL PRICING FRAMEWORK IN SECURED DISPATCH SCHEDULING UNDER CONTINGENCY CONDITION R.Maiamda 1, M.Bhoopathi 2, R.Saravaaumar 3 1 PG Studet, Departmet of EEE, Jayaram College of Egieerig ad Techology, TamilNadu, Idia 2 Assistat Professor, Departmet of EEE, Jayaram College of Egieerig ad Techology, TamilNadu, Idia 3 Assistat Professor, Departmet of EEE, Sudharsa Egieerig college, TamilNadu, Idia Abstract This paper is to desig the locatioal margial pricig [LMP] uder security raied coditio. The pricig framewor of the regulated power maret has same for ormal ad the cotigecy coditio. So wheever the maximum power used from the customer, the massive blacouts occurs i the power system etwor due to exceeds the trasmissio limits. I deregulated power maret havig the LMP pricig method. The LMP is maily used for cotigecy coditio pricig of load at each locatio i secured maer. Ad also reduce the of the miimum load usage customer. Lie outage ad geeratio outage is cosider i cotigecy aalysis i security raied optimal power flow ad to calculate LMP i each locatio (bus) i IEEE-14 bus system by usig power world simulator. Keywords: Blacouts, Cotigecy, Lie Outage, Geeratio Outage, Locatioal Margial Pricig. ----------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. INTRODUCTION The recet vertically itegrated power maret cosists of budled geeratio, trasmissio, distributio [1]. Ad oly oe seller ad may buyers i the regulated power system. The pricig of power trasmissio is at at all coditios ad there is o icetive for miimum load user of each locatio. So we itroduce the deregulatio of power system etwor to lowerig the utility rates, customer specific services, ad ecourage the reewable sources. I deregulated power maret is maily for reductio of ad to desig the pricig rates of all the load etities ad give some icetives to the miimum load usage customer for demad respose improvemet [2]. Due to ope access ad lower trasmissio i deregulatio, the competitio is occurrig i the trasmissio etwor. So the trasmissio of power exceeds the trasfer limits, that time cotigecy create i the power system etwor [1, 2]. The cotigecy ca be classified as lie outage, geerator outage, trasformer outage etc. uder cotigecy coditio the security of the power system is collapsed, that time massive blacouts is occurred. So security aalysis of power system etwor is importat tas i deregulatio [3]. Before security raied optimal power flow we have to fid the cotigecy aalysis form to predict the outages i power system. Ad to iclude the cotigecy aalysis form i the security-raied optimal power flow solutio [2] The power system is highly o-liear system which operates i a atly chagig eviromet such as load, geerator output, topology ad ey operatig parameters which chages cotiuously. Due to secured limits of the power system etwor, the will be varied by addig the cogestio i cotigecy coditio [4]. So the LMP pricig framewor is importat i both ormal ad cotigecy coditio. Most of the security aalysis is based o state estimatio of power system, but we itroduce the ew approach for security aalysis ad LMP pricig calculatio [5]. I this paper proposed to ew method solutio of margial of the each locatio (bus) i both ormal ad cotigecy coditio ad we have to calculate the cogestio i cotigecy coditio of each locatio(bus) is calculated through security raied optimal power floe usig power world simulator. The power world simulator is highly essetial tool for margial evaluatio i the easy maer. There is o complicate equatio desig ad codig. The output respose time is maximum tha compared with others. Full Newto s method is used for the power flow solutio ad bidig the raits also icluded. The mathematical Problem formulatio is i sectio II. The locatioal margial pricig framewor algorithm i power world simulator is i sectio III. The descriptio of test system i sectio IV I sectio V icludes simulatio results ad descriptio. Coclusio from the results i sectio VI 2. PROBLEM FORMULATION 2.1 Power Flow Equatio (N-R Method) The power world simulator ca be set to use a full Newto solutio or use a DC load flow method to aalyze each Volume: 03 Special Issue: 07 May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 320

IJRET: Iteratioal Joural of Research i Egieerig ad Techology eissn: 2319-1163 pissn: 2321-7308 cotigecy. The full Newto approach is ot as fast as a DC load flow, but the results ted to be sigificatly more accurate ad allow for gaugig voltage/var effects. The Newto solutio method (also called Newto-Rapso method) is more efficiet for large power systems. The umber of iteratio required to obtai a solutio is idepedet of a system size but more fuctioal evaluatio are required at each iteratio Equatio for bus Admittace matrix I i = j =1 Yi j V j (A1) I above equatio j icludes bus i expressig this equatio i polar form, we have I i = j =1 Yi j V j θ ij + δ j (A2) The complex power at bus small chages i voltage agle δ () i ad voltage magitude Δ V () () i with small chages i real ad reactive power ΔP i () ad Q i elemets of jacobia matrix are the partial derivatives of (5) ad (6) evaluated at δ i () ad Δ V i (). ΔP ΔQ = J 1 J 2 J 3 J 4 Δδ Δ V (A8) Accordigly there are (-1) real power raits ad (-1-m) reactive power raits ad the jacobia matrix is the order of (2-2-m) (2-2-m). J 1 is the order of (-1) x (-1) = δ j 1 V i V j Y ij si (θ ij δ i+ δ j ) (A9) i δ j = V i V j Y ij si θ ij δ i+ δ j j 1 (A10) P i Q i = V i * I i (A3) J 2 is the order of (-1) x (-1-m) Substitutig from (2) for I i i (3) P i Q i = V i -δ i j =1 Yi j V j θ ij + δ j (A4) Separatig the real ad imagiary parats V i = 2 V i Y ii cosθ ii + j 1 V i V j Y ij cos (θ ij δ i+ δ j ) (A11) V j = V i Y ij c os θ ij δ i+ δ j j i (A12) P i = j =1 V i V j Y ij cos θ ij δ i+ δ j (A5) J 3 is the order of (-1-m) x (-1) Q i = j =1 V i V j Y ij si (θ ij δ i+ δ j ) (A6) = δ j 1 V i V j Y ij cos θ ij δ i+ δ j (A13) i Equatio (5) ad (6) itute of oliear algebraic equatio i terms of the idepedet variables, voltage magitude i per uit ad phase agle i radias. P 2 P Q 2 Q P 2 P Q 2 Q (A7) = P 2 δ P δ Q 2 δ Q δ P 2 P 2 Q 2 Q P 2 V P V Q 2 Q 2 V δ 2 δ V 2 V J 4 is the order of (-1-m) x (-1-m) δ j = V i V j Y ij cos (θ ij δ i+ δ j )j i (A14) V i = V i Y ii siθ ii V j = V i Y ij si (θ ij δ i+ δ j )j i j 1 V j Y ij si θ ij δ i+ δ j (A15) (A16) () () The terms ΔP i ad Q i are differece betwee the schedule ad calculated values, ow as the power residuals, give by ΔP i = P i sch P i ΔQ i = Q i sch Q i The ew estimated for bus voltage i (A17) (A18) I above equatio, bus 1 is assumed to be slac bus. The jacobia matrix gives the liearized relatioship betwee δ i (+1) = δ i () + δ i () (A19) Volume: 03 Special Issue: 07 May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 321

IJRET: Iteratioal Joural of Research i Egieerig ad Techology eissn: 2319-1163 pissn: 2321-7308 V i (+1) = V i + V i () 2.2 Security Costraied Optimal Power Flow Objective fuctio (A20) The Locatioal Margial Pricig (odel price) at bus i ca be calculated usig the followig equatio LMP = margial + cogestio + losses λ i = λ Ref + λ Cogest + λ Lossi (A23) Mi f ( p ) Subject to g (p) = 0 (A21) h mi h(p) h max i ormal coditio raits h mi h (p) h max i cotigecy coditio raits. Security raied optimal power flow solutio (SCOPF) will always a optimal power flow. If we igore losses, the we ca say that a OPF solutio differs from a EDC solutio oly whe a ormal trasmissio rait. Whe ormal flow moves from just < 100% to 100% of cotiuous ratig SCOPF differs from a OPF solutio oly whe cotigecy rait becomes bidig occurs whe post- cotigecy flow moves from just < 100% to 100% of emergecy ratig. Now let s cosider the SCOPF. Its problem statemet is give as problem P p : Mi f ( x 0, u 0 ) g ( x, u ) =0 =0,1,2.c max h ( x, u ) = h =0,1,2,.c (A22) Notice that there are C cotigecies to be addressed i the SCOPF ad that there are a complete ew set of raits for each of these C cotigecies observe. Each of cotigecy related equality raits is exactly lie the origial set of equality raits except if correspods the system with a elemet removed. Each set of cotigecy related iequality-raits is exactly lie the origial set of iequality raits except its correspods to the system with a elemet removed ad brach flow raits ad for voltage magitudes, the limits will be differet. Also otice that the raits are a fuctio of x, the voltage magitudes ad agles uder the pre-cotigecy (=0) ad cotigecy coditio ( > 1,2,.c) ad u 0. 2.3 Locatioal Margial Pricig Calculatio Locatioal margial pricig (LMP s ) are determied from the result of a security-raied least- dispatch. It is a taxi ride for MW. It may differs i the various locatio(bus). We eed two factors to deside the locatioal margial pricig. (i)trasmissio cogestio (ii)losses λ i = λ Ref - L i x λ Ref - μj X SFji j (A24) Volume: 03 Special Issue: 07 May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 322 λ Lossi = (- L i x λ Ref ) - losses from the referece bus to bus i = (+ L i x λ Ref ) losses from bus i to referece bus λ Cogest = (- j μj X SFji - cogestio from referece bus to bus i = (+ j μj X SFji - cogestio from bus I to referece bus. 3. LMP ALGORITHM IN POWER WORLD SIMULATOR 3.1. Locatioal Margial Pricig Algorithm Step 1: Draw the simuli oe lie diagram i ew case widow of power world simulator for the give power system i edit mode. Step 2: Set the cubic of each geeratio ad to covert piece wise liear. Step 3: Save the case with apt ame. Step 4: Select tools i ru mode ad to solve the power flow by usig full N-R method. Step 5: Ope Add-os Ribbo Tab Step 6: To select the OPF case iformatio of the Dialog box ad to select the all OPF area records. a.) If OPF records YES that record is icluded i the b.) margial calculatio. If OPF records NO that records is ot iclude i the margial calculatio. Step 7: To set all the OPF raits ad also iclude commo raits. Step 8: Ope the SCOPF dialog box i the add-os ribbo tab. Step 9: Ru Full security raied OPF uder ormal coditio (zero cotigecy i cotigecy aalysis form) Step10: To calculate margial of each bus (locatio) before cotigecy. Step11: To view cotigecy aalysis form i the SCOPF dialog box. Step12: Right clic o label ad select auto isert cotigecies through isert special optio. Step 13: Verify that sigle trasmissio lie or trasformer is selected. Step 14: If ca limit the cotigecies iserted to oly those meetig defie filter. Step 15: we wat to isert cotigecies for all braches ad geerators so o filterig is desired. Step 16: To chec the followig coditios a.) Remove the checmars i use area/zoe filters.

IJRET: Iteratioal Joural of Research i Egieerig ad Techology eissn: 2319-1163 pissn: 2321-7308 b.) Verify o other optios are selected. Step 17: Clic Do isert cotigecies butto to accept the all cotigecies. Step 18: Clic YES to get the cotigecies. Step 19: Now the cotigecy aalysis dialog shows cotigecies a.) b.) Right clic o the list display o the cotigecy tap ad select isert special ad clic auto isert to the local meu. Select sigle geeratig uit the clic the do isert cotigecy butto. Clic YES to complete. Step 20: Clic Start Ru o the cotigecy tab ad close the tab. Step 21: The cotigecy elemets are iclude i the SCOPF dialog box. Step 21: To Ru the Full Security Costraied optimal power Flow. Step 22: We get the margial uder cotigecy coditio. I additio cogestio, trasmissio loss i each locatio (bus) 4. TEST SYSTEM The Locatioal margial pricig of 14-bus test system is show below whe the power flow is ruig o the power world simulator. The percetage of power flow is metioed i power flow diagram. It cosists of five geerators for dispatch of power. 5. SIMULATION RESULTS Locatioal margial pricig (LMP) is importat i deregulated power maret uder ormal ad cotigecy coditio. So we calculate the LMP by cosiderig without cotigecy, lie outage, geeratio outage ad also iclude all cotigecy. First we fid the cotigecy elemets i IEEE-14 bus system. Table.1 Sigle cotigecy of lie & geerator Label 0000022C1 0000055C1 0000033C1 0000044C1 0000055C1 L_0000066-00001313C1 L_0000099-00001414C1 G_0000022U 1 Violatios Max Brach % Mi Voltage 2 276.5-1 127.5-2 102.0-1 102.0-1 103.0-2 - 0.898 1-0.848 1 103.6 - Fig. 1 IEEE-14 bus system Table.2 Multiple cotigecy of both lie ad Geerator Volume: 03 Special Issue: 07 May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 323 Label G_0000022u1& 0000033c1 G_0000022u1& L_0000066-00001313c1 G_0000033u1& 0000022c1 G_0000033u1& 0000055c1 G_0000033u1& 0000033c1 G_0000066u1& 0000022c1 G_0000066u1& L_0000077- Violatios Max Brach % Mi Voltage 3 115.7-3 104.6 0.894 4 325.3 0.891 3 140.2-6 118.0 0.739 3 283.4 0.883 5-0.842

IJRET: Iteratioal Joural of Research i Egieerig ad Techology eissn: 2319-1163 pissn: 2321-7308 0000099c1 G_0000066u1& L_0000099-000001414c1 Bus No. 3-0.733 Table 3 LMP i Normal coditio Locatioal margial pricig of each bus system is i the above table. Ther is o cogestio due to ormal power flow coditio. Table 4 LMP i Cotigecy Coditio (oly icludes sigle cotigecy). Bus No. Area ame Area ame Eergy Eergy Cog ($/m wh) Coge ($/mw h) Loss Loss ($/mwh ) LMP 1 Top 11.28-0.00 0.00 11.28 2 Top 11.28-0.00 0.72 12.00 3 Top 11.28-0.00 1.72 12.99 4 Top 11.28-0.00 1.60 12.87 5 Top 11.28-0.00 1.39 12.66 6 Top 11.28-0.00 1.39 12.67 7 Top 11.28-0.00 1.63 12.90 8 Top 11.28-0.00 1.63 12.90 9 Top 11.28-0.00 1.64 12.92 10 Top 11.28-0.00 1.68 12.96 11 Top 11.28-0.00 1.59 12.86 12 Top 11.28-0.00 1.67 12.94 13 Top 11.28-0.00 1.84 13.11 14 Top 11.28-0.00 2.51 13.79 LMP 1 Top 5.86 0.00 0.00 5.86 2 Top 5.86 5.88 0.26 12.00 3 Top 5.86 593.05 0.78 599.69 4 Top 5.86 530.35 0.74 536.95 5 Top 5.86 389.45 0.64 395.94 6 Top 5.86 432.90 0.64 439.40 7 Top 5.86 510.31 0.75 516.92 8 Top 5.86 510.31 0.75 516.92 9 Top 5.86 499.13 0.76 505.74 10 Top 5.86 490.63 0.78 497.27 11 Top 5.86 463.86 0.73 470.46 12 Top 5.86 446.39 0.78 453.03 13 Top 5.86 456.67 0.86 463.40 14 Top 5.86 509.62 1.21 516.68 The cogestio is occurred i each bus due to sigle cotigecy of lie outage ad geeratio outage of each elemets Bus No. Table 5 LMP price (icludes all cotigecies) Area ame Eergy Coge Cost Losses LMP 1 Top -1161.26 1167.12 0.00 5.86 2 Top -1161.26 1223.32-50.06 12.00 3 Top -1161.26 1610.35-152.80 296.29 4 Top -1161.26 3318.47-144.14 2013.07 5 Top -1161.26 1123.77-124.52-162.01 6 Top -1161.26 14055.13-124.74 12769.1 3 7 Top -1161.26 3572.12-146.98 2263.83 8 Top -1161.26 3572.12-146.98 2263.88 9 Top -1161.26 5166.58-148.48 3856.84 10 Top -1161.26 13749.70-152.99 12435.4 5 11 Top -1161.26 13944.48-143.86 12639.3 6 12 Top -1161.26 14223.56-152.48 12909.8 2 13 Top -1161.26 14038.94-169.60 12708.0 7 14 Top -1161.26 12030.02-237.59 10631.1 7 I security raied coditio all sigle ad multiple cotigecy elemets are iclude i the power system. The LMP value is maximum due to cogestio. Fig. 2 LMP Cost Curve I Each Bus (before cotigecies) Volume: 03 Special Issue: 07 May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 324

IJRET: Iteratioal Joural of Research i Egieerig ad Techology eissn: 2319-1163 pissn: 2321-7308 6. CONCLUSIONS The state estimatio based cotigecy aalysis techique is more complex. But Newto s method based cotigecy aalysis ad security raied optimal power flow i cotigecy coditio is simple ad more accuracy i power world simulator. The LMP calculatio of test system is easy i power world simulatio. I additio LMP is depeds o cogestio of each bus system. Wheever the cotigecy is occur i this system that time oly cogestio is added i LMP. Otherwise there is o cogestio i the system. So the locatioal margial pricig is reduced i the ormal coditio. The LMP calculatio is helpful for demad respose improvemet uder security coditio i deregulated power maret. I future we ca easily reduce the of the power trasmissio ad to improve the demad respose i secured maer by usig the reserve optio ad to coect from reewable geeratio to the trasmissio etwor. Ad we get miimum cogestio i each locatio. So we ca easily improve the demad respose i the secured dispatch schedulig i both ormal ad the cotigecy coditio i the power world simulator tool. It is user friedly software i the pricig calculatio of deregulated power maret i the power system etwor. Fig.3 Lmp Cost Curve i Each Bus (oly icludes lie outage ad geerator outage) Fig.4 Lmp Cost Curve I Each Bus (icludes all cotigecies) REFERENCES [1]. Amit Kumar Roy cotigecy aalysis i power system Thapur Uiversity Patiala.2009. [2]. R.Maiada, M.Bhoopathi Cotigecy aalysis i deregulated power maret Jayaram College of Egieerig ad Techology, Tamiladu 2013. [3]. Richard D.Christie, AjaBose load frequecy cotrol issues i power system operatios after deregulatio Uiversity of Washigto, 1995. [4]. Saavedra, O.R., "Solvig the security raied optimal power flow problem i a distributed computig eviromet," Geeratio, trasmissio ad distributio, IEEE proceedigs, vol.143, No.6 pp 593-598, 1996. [5]. Fagxig Li, Rui Bo, Cogestio ad Price Predictio Uder Load Variatio, IEEE Trasactio o power system, Vol 24,No.2 May 2009. BIOGRAPHIES Maiada R obtaied his Bachelor degree i Electrical & Electroics Egieerig from P.R.Egieerig College, Thajavur i the year 2012 ad Master degree i Power Systems Egieerig doig from Jayaram College of Egieerig ad techology, Thuraiyur, Idia. His research area icludes deregulatio of power maret ad Smart grid techologies. Volume: 03 Special Issue: 07 May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 325

IJRET: Iteratioal Joural of Research i Egieerig ad Techology eissn: 2319-1163 pissn: 2321-7308 Bhoopathi M received his B.E. degree i Electrical ad Electroics Egieerig from Kumaraguru College of techology, Bharathiyar Uiversity, Coimbatore, Idia ad M.E. degree i Power systems egieerig from Aamalai Uiversity, Chidambaram, Idia. He is curretly worig as a Assistat Professor i Departmet of Electrical ad Electroics Egieerig, Jayaram college of egieerig ad techology, Pagalavadi, Thuraiyur, Idia. His research iterest icludes Restructured power system ad smart grid techologies. Saravaaumar R received his B.E. degree i Electrical ad Electroics Egieerig from PSNA College of egieerig & techology, Didigul, Aa Uiversity, Cheai, Idia ad M.E. degree i Power systems egieerig from Uiversity College of egieerig, BIT campus, Trichirappalli, Idia. He is curretly worig as a Assistat Professor i Departmet of Electrical ad Electroics Egieerig,Sudharsa egieerig college, Sathiyamagalam, Idia. His research iterest icludes power systems ad Distributed Geeratio. Volume: 03 Special Issue: 07 May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 326