ETC s Research and Development Agenda within BIO4ENERGY (PhD) Managing Director
This is ETC Nonprofit Foundation (Est.1989) and Professional service firm Provides both Research work and Consultancy Focus area: Thermo-chemical conversion of biomass Service categories: Tailor-made Experiments Advanced Computations In-depth Investigations Customers/Partners: Academia, Public agencies & Industry 2
Erik Persson (Piteå Kommun) Gunnar Plym Forshell (Lst. BD) Ann-Britt Edfast (Sveaskog) ETC Board Johan Sterte (Luleå Univ. of Tech.) Bo Johansson (Smurfit Kappa) Magnus Berg (Vattenfall) Managing Director * Marketing Manager Olov Öhrman* (Sr. Researcher) R&D Manager Henrik Wiinikka* ikk (Sr. Researcher) Per Carlsson (Researcher) Fredrik Weiland (Research Eng.) Marcus Gullberg (Research Eng.) ETC STAFF ETC STAB Admin Coordinator Ulla Jonsson* (Sr. Admin.) Lab Coordinator Henry Hedman (Sr. Dev. Eng.) Carola Grönberg (Research Eng.) Jonas Wennebro (Dev. Eng.) A-C Johansson (Research Eng.) Mattias Lundgren (Technician) Roger Molinder (Research Eng.) Calle Ylipää (Technician) Esbjörn Pettersson (Research Eng.) * Part in management team 3
Energy Usage in Sweden Industry 35% 24% Housing & services 17% 46% Transportation 5% 3% 37% 41% 92% 149 TWh 166 TWh 97 TWh Fossil Bio* Electricity** * ~1 %A Agricultural l based ** 90 % Hydro + Nuclear Source: Swedish Energy Agency 2010 4
Our Challange: Sustainable Forestry 5
Biofuel R&D Initiatives at ETC site ETC C Co Combustion bust o Laboratory abo ato y (Combustion furnaces, pyrolysis oil) Solander Science Park (Business development) LTU Green Fuels ETC Gasification Centre (Fuel synthesis plant) (Pilot gasifiers) 6
BIO4ENERGY Activities @ETC Biomass gasification Pyrolysis y oil Fuel conversion??? Hybrid conversion of biomass to chemicals Catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis oil Dependence of fractionation in biomass gasification 7 TO END SLIDES
PEBG Characterisation PEBG = Pressurized Entrained flow Biomass Gasification Owner: ETC Op. manager: Henry Hedman, ETC Research and process development activities Solid/liquid biomass => raw syngas 0.5 MWth @ 5 bar Oxygen/steam/CO2 blown Daily operation 8
PEBG R&D Project PEBG = Pressurized Entrained flow Biomass Gasification Start PFD Component Design Assembly Control System 1 st Heat up Pressurised O 2 gasification Process R&D April Nov February May December April October 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 August 2012 9
PEBG Process Flare Lock Fuel hopper 1 Silo 1 Lock Fuel hopper 2 Silo 2 LPG Pilot flare FI Syngas flow meter Fuel feeder Inert (N2) Oxidant (O2/N2) Particulate sampling Gas analyses (FTIR/MicroGC) Cam TC Reactor TC Gas sampling Pressure regulator TC Quench spray registers TC TC Quench Quench water outlet Cooling water Quench water sampling 10
PEBG Progress IP-owner: BioGreen AB On-going research on process characterisation Performed trials on saw dust, torrefied wood, bark, pyrolysis oil, lignin Reference paper: Weiland et al. Energy & Fuels 27 (2013) 932 941 Acknowledgements to PEBG Consortium and funders: 11
Characterisation of ETC-POC pilot POC = Pyrolysis Oil Cyclone Owner: ETC Op. manager: Henrik Wiinikka, ETC Research and process development activities + production Solid biomass => Pyrolysis oil/char 0.2 MWth Nitrogen blown Daily operation 12
Aim with pyrolysis oil Feedstock variety Applications POC Pyrolysis oil Proper production of pyrolysis oil from biomass is a renewable fuel that can be utilized in a wide range of different applications. 13
Example: resulted pyrolysis oil Light fraction Heavy fraction Light fraction Heavy fraction C (wt%) 41.4 55.4 H( wt%) 7.7 6.9 O (wt%) 43.2 37.6 N (wt%) <0.1 0.1 Effective heating value (MJ/kg) 14.89 21.56 14
ETC-DTF initial experiments Verification trail with powder at differnt oxygen concentrations 15
ETC-DTF initial experiments Sampling ash forming particulates and fumes 16
ETC-DTF simulations (OpenFoam) Centerline gas composition Centerline dispersion Particle temperature and CH 4 field CO 2 volume plot Centerline and particle temperature Outlet gas composition
ETC-DTF CFD animation 18
Hybrid Bio-Thermal conversion Gasification Syngas Fermentation Raw Fuel Purification (c.f. www.ineos.com) CH 3 CH 2 OH 19
Catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis oil Pyrolysis Upgrading g Bio-Oil Raw Products Purification High value chemicals or diesel 20
Dependence on fractionation Fuel preparation Bio-Powder Characterisation Fuel specification Gasification Syngas 21
Partner Networks LTU Biosyngas Program NORD-SYNGAS 22
Recent Publications 1(3) Öhrman, O.G.W., et al. Pressurized Oxygen Blown Entrained Flow Gasification of a Biorefinery Lignin Residue. Fuel Processing Technology 115 (2013) 130-138. Öhrman, O.G.W., et al. Dewatering of biomass using liquid Bio Dimethyl Ether. Accepted for publication in Drying Technology (2013). Weiland, F. et al. Pressurized oxygen blown entrained-flow gasification of wood powder. Energy & Fuels 27 (2013) 932-941. Wiinikka, H. et al. Emissions of heavy metals during fixed-bed combustion of six biomass fuels. Energy & Fuels 27 (2013) 1073-1080. Carlsson, P. et al. High-speed imaging g of biomass particles heated with a laser. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis (2013) In Press. Nordgren, D. et al. Ash transformations in pulverised fuel co-combustion of straw and woody biomass. Fuel Processing Technology 105 (2013) 52-58. (See further http://www.etcpitea.se/en/home/publications/) 23
Recent Publications 2(3) Gullberg, M., et al. Spray characterization of twin fluid external mix atomization of pyrolysis oil. Atomization and Sprays 22 (2012) 897-919. Öhrman, O. et al. Analysis of trace components in synthesis gas generated by black liquor gasification. Fuel 102 (2012) 173-179. Eriksson, D. et al. Characterization of Scots pine stump-root biomass as feed-stock for gasification. Bioresource Technology 104 (2012) 729-736. Häggström, C. et al. Catalytic methanol synthesis via black liquor gasification. Fuel Processing Technology ogy 94 (2012) 10-15. Lycksam, H. et al. High-speed interferometric measurement and visualization of the conversion of a black liquor droplet during laser heating. Optics in Lasers and Engineering 50 (2012) 1654-1661. Wiinikka, H. et al. R. Experimental investigation of an industrial scale black liquor gasifier. Part 2: Influence of quench operation on product gas composition. Fuel 93 (2012)117-129. (See further http://www.etcpitea.se/en/home/publications/) 24
Recent Publications 3(3) Carlsson, P. et al. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of raw gas composition from a black liquor gasifier comparison with experiments. Energy & Fuels 25 (2011) 4122-4128. Gebart, B.R. et al. Recent advances in the understanding of pressurized black liquor gasification. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 45 (2011) 521-526. Boman, C. et al. Stove performance and emission characteristics in residential wood log and pellet combustion, Part 1: Pellet stoves. Energy & Fuels 25 (2011) 307 314. Pettersson, E. et al. Stove performance and emission characteristics in residential wood log and pellet combustion, o Part 2: Wood stove. Energy egy& Fuels 25( (2011) )315 323. 3 3 (See further http://www.etcpitea.se/en/home/publications/) 25