Routing/Interconnection: An Introduction

Routing/Interconnection: An Introduction The Internet works by interconnecting networks This is the IETF RFCs in action IETF89 London London, England 5 th March 2014 Martin J. Levy, Director IPv6 Strategy Hurricane Electric

Introduction & Agenda The word Internet Interconnected networks The relationship between individual networks IP transit IP peering An introduction to peering The creation of IXPs (Internet Peering Points) Visualizing interconnected networks 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 2

The word Internet - How routing works Technically a very complex subject The Internet is a collection of networks No network stands alone Interconnections are required Robustness can be created Multi-homing (more than one transit) Peering between like networks Diversity (physical and logical) Nothing is static! 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 3

The relationship between individual networks Perfect Tier 1 routing Pretty good routing (with many peers; one transit) Classic backbone with two transits (well balanced) 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 4

Reality The Internet is complex (but works!) Transit Provider Transit Provider Transit Provider Transit Provider ISP Transit Provider Transit Provider Transit Provider Transit Provider This is messy! 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 5

Reality The Internet is complex (but works!) 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 6

AN INTRODUCTION TO PEERING 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 7

An introduction to peering Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) are a good idea Peering is a good idea A countries self-reliance is a good idea Critical services (DNS, NTP, etc) are a good idea The Internet is not going away; in fact it s growing Peering helps the Internet grow 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 8

Peering/Transit - defining the terms Peering The exchange of traffic between two networks Only for traffic associated with the network, or its customers Can be via an IXP (or NAP) or a private interconnect Subject to a bilateral or unilateral contract Either zero-cost, charged-for service or as part of other contracts Majority of negotiations done on a bilateral basis Transit A network providing another network with a full connection to the Internet Sometimes provided as a default route or as full routes Partial Transit A network providing access to only some of the global Internet Sometimes sold as access to a specific provider or destination 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 9

Is the Internet growing? Is there more peering? ASNs Network Prefixes ~3,070 new networks in IPv4 table per year ~1,400 new networks in IPv6 table per year Internet Growth still happening More growth within IPv6 vs IPv4; which makes sense More networks joining the global Internet every day This is just a measure of destinations on the Internet It s not an exact measure of peering or transit relationships http://bgp.he.net/report/prefixes 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 10

Who are the big Internet peering players? IPv4 IPv6 This is a measure of BGP adjacencies Customers are adjacencies Peers are adjacencies A high adjacencies means there s a short path Short as in AS PATH vs. physical path http://bgp.he.net/report/peers 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 11

INTERNET PEERING POINTS 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 12

The creation of IXPs (Internet Peering Points) IXPs provide a common facility to interconnect networks Normally defined as an IXP when three or more networks interconnect IXPs provide a common facility for traffic to flow between networks All networks are considered equal Peering is not transit Peering can be multilateral or bilateral IXPs can be membership based, commercial or informal IXPs provide a location for additional services 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 13

The creation of IXPs (Internet Peering Points) Initial idea was very simple (Early 1993) NSF created four NAPs (Network Access Points) Opened the Internet to commercial use Additional NAP sites (CIX & MAE-West in California) City Name Pennsauken, NJ Sprint NAP San Francisco, CA PacBell NAP Chicago, IL Ameritech AADS NAP Vienna, VA MFS MAE-East 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 14

IXPs (Internet peering points) globally Seattle SIX EQUINIX San Jose EQUINIX ANY-2 AMES EQUINIX ANY-2 LAIIX Los Angeles Chicago EQUINIX Chicago IX Toronto EQUINIX TORIX TIE TELX EQUINIX Atlanta EQUINIX TIE TELX Dallas NAP Chile Santiago NJ & NY EQUINIX TIE TELX NYIIX BigApe EQUINIX NOTA Miami Boston MXP EQUINIX ANY2 Virginia area NAP do Brasil PTTMetro São Paulo CABASE Buenos Aires London LINX LONAP Dublin INEX GigaPix Lisbon ESPANIX Madrid CERN Geneva SwissIX EQUINIX Zurich Paris EQUINIX FRANCEIX SFINX FreeIX Brussels BNIX FreeBiX Amsterdam AMSIX NL-IX VIX Vienna MIX MINAP Milan Oslo NIX Stockholm NetNod STHIX SOL-IX Frankfurt DE-CIX KleyReX MSK-IX Moscow NIX CZ Prague CAIX Cairo KIXP Nairobi JINX Johannesburg NIXI Mumbai NIXI New Delhi Hong Kong HKIX EQUINIX Beijing National IX Guangzhou National IX MyIX Kuala Lumpur EQUINIX SOX Singapore Shanghai National IX IIX Jakarta Taipei TWIX Seoul KIDC KINX JPNAP JPIX DIX-IE EQUINIX Tokyo Sydney EQUINIX PIPE WIX Wellington APE V6IX Auckland Major IXs/NAPs represented; plenty more exist 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 15

Why peering helps grow the local IP market Two points of view each can work together Peering improves traffic flows and reduces costs Traffic flowing with less hops or latency is more efficient Networks that peer can reduce transit expenditure Networks that peer see local content or local eyeballs easier Peering reduces transit revenue from major players Reduced revenue is a short term effect (but it s there) As customer experience improves; network dependence grows Peering never replaces 100% of transit needs 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 16

VISUALIZING NETWORKING 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 17

http://bgp.he.net/ Route propagation graphs ASN originating routes Select tab for more information Peers or transits that see routes Transit provider Transit provider Routes see downstream of peers 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 18

Example listings http://bgp.he.net/country/dk A listing of all active ASNs within a country http://bgp.he.net/as24514#_peers A listing for a specific ASN A list of all peers of a networks 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 19

Looking at specific networks MNT Congo Two transit providers Note: Common upstream The rest of the Internet (only major networks shown) 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 20

Looking at specific networks NORDUnet Single transit provider The rest of the Internet (only major networks shown) 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 21

COLLECTIONS OF NETWORKS 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 22

Seychelles AS36902 Intelvision AS37343 TELECOM SEYCHELLES AS37518 Fiber Grid AS62255 Asmunda New Media Rest of World AS36867 Kokonet AS36958 Cable & Wireless AS57565 Blue Media AS58001 Ideal Solution 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 23

The Democratic Republic of the Congo AS37453 Vodacom Congo AS37483 Congo Chine Telecom AS37102 CIELUX TELECOM RDC AS37260 Cybernet SPRL 2013 Rest of World AS37447 OASIS SPRL AS32842 IBURST RDC AS37020 Celtel DRC AS37447 OASIS SPRL AS37453 Vodacom Congo Rest of World AS37483 Congo Chine Telecom AS37571 ITM AS37609 ROKE TELKOM CONGO AS37020 Celtel DRC AS37638 Orioncom SPRL 2014 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 24

Liberia AS37410 Lonestar Communications Corporation 2013 Rest of World AS37094 CELLCOM Telecommunications Inc. AS37560 Cyberdyne S.A. AS37203 LBTELCO AS37410 Lonestar Communications Corporation AS37557 NOVAFONE Rest of World 2014 AS37203 LBTELCO AS37094 CELLCOM Telecommunications Inc. 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 25

Lebanon AS42003 LIBANTELECOM AS43824 Masco Group AS47935 ComNet ISP AS16130 FiberLink Networks AS42334 Broadband Plus AS51558 Smart Telecom AS39402 FERRARI-NETWORKS AS60398 Communication International Trading Company AS57256 Pros-Services AS60372 EagleNet AS43019 farahnet AS44189 Middle East Airlines AS198867 Computel AS38999 Mobile Interim Company No.2 AS3176 Banque Du Liban AS42020 Liban Teleco AS196917 Data Quest AS34741 Bank Beirut AS41833 Moscanet (WISE) AS51910 AS57513 Mobile Interim Company 1 AS35074 Cobranet Limited Teltac WorldWide AS34708 Gulf Research & Development AS41211 Banque Libano-Francais AS50430 P-Group (Offshore) AS50285 onetplus AS199288 T.H. Global Vision AS42852 Solidere Beyrouth Rest of World AS197674 WIN DSL AS24634 Cyberia AS39010 TerraNet AS34160 Transtrum BV AS198727 AS39275 Byblos Bank AS57937 Sama Offshore AS35197 Virtual ISP Kleos (Offshore) AS43680 DSP AS9051 IncoNet Data Management AS12812 American University Beirut AS56530 Protel Offshore AS31126 SODETEL AS197249 tasjil art production distributions AS61113 Capital Outsourcing AS39918 Azal Group Holding AS47674 Saatchi & Saatchi Beirut AS24982 BankMed AS49004 ACTEL AS199643 Lebanese American University AS58281 FIDUS AS39868 FRANSABANK AS196856 Lebanese Canadian Bank AS60406 ALJADEED AS48740 Online Money Transfer AS34370 CSC Lebanon AS199331 WAVES AS51938 MedSystems 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 26

AS36928 AS27874 ENAP - Empresa Nacional del Petroleos Chile AS21614 LatLink.net S.A AS52353 Celulosa Arauco y Constitucion S.A. AS28116 Universidad de Adolfo Ibanez AS28077 Informes Garantizados S.A. AS20015 FullCom S.A. AS17126 E-money AS18492 Almacenes Paris Comercial S.A AS262167 Redcol S.A. AS52341 Centennial Cayman Corp Chile S.A AS27888 Caja de Compensacin de Asignacin Familiar La Araucana AS27880 ATENTO CHILE S.A. AS28099 ihosting Servicios Internet AS22860 SERVICIOS INTERNET AS27899 Quintec Soluciones Informaticas S.A. AS28047 Cientec Computacion S.A. AS262233 CDEC - SIC AS27856 UNIVERSIDAD UNIACC AS28120 Arquicomp AS7004 CTC Transmisiones Regionales S.A. AS27909 Correos Chile AS27849 SYSTEL S.A. AS13424 Intercity AS27931 Tecnolex AS26604 Euroamerica Seguros de Vida S.A AS10778 MCL Internet AS17147 Ministerio del Interior y de Seguridad Publica - Gobierno de Chile AS14117 Telefonica del Sur S.A. AS28060 Pullman Cargo S.A AS27701 Netline AS262155 Golder Associates S.A. AS52368 ZAM AS27766 LAN CHILE (Lineas Aereas de Chile) AS7418 TELEFNICA CHILE S.A. AS52252 Entel PCS Telecomunicaciones S.A. (Sis) AS28098 ABGON COMUNICACIONES AS18941 El Mercurio S.A.P. AS16874 SONDA S.A. AS28091 Soluciones Integrales S.A AS19411 Nap Chile AS28044 ADT SECURITY SERVICES AS20256 Ultramar Agencia Maratima AS26048 CHILENA CONSOLIDADA SEGUROS S.A. AS27962 AltaVoz S.A. AS19338 Telmex Chile Internet S.A. AS19228 ENTEL CHILE S.A. AS27659 Ingeniera e Informtica Asociada AS52306 NIC Chile AS52246 EMPRESAS INDEXA S.A. AS14259 Gtd Internet S.A. AS27897 SEGIC USACH AS27853 Administradora BANCHILE de Fondos Mutuos AS27943 Laboratorios Recalcine S.A. AS52226 CODELCO Chuquicamata AS21765 VOISSNET S.A. AS15311 Telefonica Empresas AS19077 CYBERCENTER S.A. AS28106 BANCO PENTA AS27986 ENTEL CHILE S.A. AS26610 Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria Rest of World AS27963 Anglo American Chile AS16990 TRANSBANK S.A. AS28096 Sociedad de Telecomunicaciones Geonet AS27952 Banco Central de Chile AS16471 Adexus S.A. AS11340 Red Universitaria Nacional AS22661 Telex Chile S.A. AS27838 Servibanca S.A. AS27746 LAN CHILE (Lineas Aereas de Chile) AS27901 Pacifico Cable S.A. AS7993 Global One Chile AS22047 VTR BANDA ANCHA S.A. AS6429 Telmex Chile Internet S.A. AS14966 Larrain Vial S.A AS27735 Synapsis Soluciones y Servicios IT AS27678 NIC Chile AS16742 Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso AS52280 INTERNEXA Chile S.A. AS27925 Entel PCS Telecomunicaciones S.A. AS13774 Corpbanca AS21862 SODIMAC SA AS52234 NIC Chile AS52267 BanChile Seguros de Vida S.A. AS52230 Mapfre Compaia de Seguros AS27904 Virutex Ilko S.A. AS27978 Telmex Servicios Empresariales S.A. AS27676 ALMA - Atacama Large Millimeter Array AS52248 Forum Servicios Financieros S.A. AS27680 TELEFONICA MOVIL DE CHILE S.A. AS27911 Metlife Chile Seguros de Vida AS16629 CTC. CORP S.A. (TELEFONICA EMPRESAS) AS20191 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile AS27979 Stel Chile S.A. AS52313 Luz Linares S.A. AS6471 ENTEL CHILE S.A. AS262237 Orbyta S.A. AS27918 Sinacofi S.A. AS21753 Consorcio seguros Vida AS27651 ENTEL CHILE S.A. AS27657 GlobalCom S.A. AS16849 NewPlanet S.A AS16780 Banco SantanderSantiago AS27732 A.F.P. Habitat S.A. AS27965 Intcomex Chile S.A. AS22975 Banco de Chile AS23140 Universidad de Chile AS13381 CMET SACI AS27677 Telefonica Moviles Soluciones y Aplicaciones AS52315 Servicios de Administracion Previsional S.A. AS28059 Banco Hipotecario de Fomento AS15208 Servicio de Impuestos Internos AS6535 Telmex Servicios Empresariales S.A. AS27995 CLARO CHILE S.A. AS27946 Direccin General del Territorio Martimo AS25718 Turismo Cocha S.A Country by country diagrams Turks and Caicos Islands Rest of Chile AS22306 Fiscal Services World AS22933 Cable and Wireless AS40143 University Technology AS27027 Anbell Telecommunications AS37669 IG Telecom AS33576 Digicel Jamaica Rest of World AS10292 Cable & Wireless Jamaica Jamaica AS11580 Island Networks AS30689 FLOW AS3586 University of the West Indies Gabon AS37493 Wifly Gabon AS16058 Gabon Telecom Internet Network AS37169 SOLSI Gabon AS37246 ASN Atlantique Telecom Gabon AS37390 IPi9 Rest of World AS51259 Pixel AS36880 Connectivite Internet Pour l'afrique AS196961 DATACELL LIMITED LIABILITY AS35878 Dekal Wireless Jamaica AS37616 Airtel Gabon S.A AS196821 AS37582 Agence Nationale des Infrastructures Numeriques et des Frequences (ANINF) AS39280 Ultel ICC Ministry of ICT of Azerbaijan AS34170 AS197830 "Baksell Azerbaijan Telecomunication ISP AS57304 SUPERONLAYN AS8814 AZERIN AS42779 Azerfon AS AS36988 Africell - Lintel (SL) AS37100tv6tAS37100tSeacom LTD AS39232 Uninet AS37208 Afcom (SL) Limited AS39397 Az.StarNet AS196925 Azertelekom AS44725 AZQTEL AS37164 CELTEL aka ZAIN Sierra Leone AS29630 Azerbaijan Research Educational Networking Association (AzRENA) AS43637 Sierra Leone Rest of World AS37449 LIMELINE (SIERRA LEONE) LIMITED AS57675 Seabak AS41997 Stellford Rest of World AS29049 Delta Telecom AS48830 Transeurocom SOL AS37100tv4tAS37100tSeacom LTD AS37456 Atlas Communications Sierratel AS37174 Comium Data Sierra Leone Limited. AS57293 AG Telecom AS59523 CNC.AZ MMC AS34876 "SMART SISTEMZ TECHNOLOJI" MMM AS29584 AZEDUNET AS28787 Baktelekom AS13099 AzEuroTel AS197223 Eurosel AS57819 SISTEMA AS198448 AS15815 IntraNS AS15723 Azeronline Information Services MEQA-TELEKOM Azerbaijan AS37418 Guaranty Trust Bank Sierra Leone AS31721 Azercell Telecom AS 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 27

AS33772 BENSON INFORMATICS LIMITED AS37013 Satcom Networks Africa AS37142 Zanzibar Datacom AS36909 Habari Node AS37143 Arusha Art AS33791 Tanzania internet service providers association AS37364 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority AS32860 CATS-NET-NETWORK AS37496 Aga Khan University AS37084 Simbanet (T) AS36930 ZanZibar Telecom AS37100tv4tAS37100tSeacom LTD AS36908 Vodacom Tanzania AS37045 Tanzania Network Information Centre (tznic) AS37423 Atemi AS37149 Six Telecoms Tanzania AS22354 UNIV-DAR AS37182 Tanzania Research and Education Network - TERNET AS37133 Airtel Tanzania Rest of World AS37035 MIC Tanzania AS37419 Tanzania Revenue Authority AS37245 ASN DOVETEL (T) AS12143 STARTEL AS33765 TANZANIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS CO. AS37213 Spice Net Tanzania AS37100tv6tAS37100tSeacom LTD AS37027 Simbanet (T) AS36965 WIA Tanzania AS37101 Vizadanetworks AS37349 Aptus Solutions AS37126 Bell Communications AS31810 AOTL AS37372 Powercomputers Telecommunication AS37120 Selcom Broadband AS37362 Tanzania Ports Authority AS37464 VIRTUAL SOLUTIONS AS36892 AFSAT COMMUNICATION T AS12143 Tanzania AS37126 Bell Communications AS37278 Bank M (Tanzania) AS32860 CATS-NET-NETWORK AS37245 ASN DOVETEL (T) AS37423 Atemi AS37149 Six Telecoms Tanzania AS37143 Arusha Art AS37464 VIRTUAL SOLUTIONS AS37592 Gapco Tanzania AS37035 MIC Tanzania AS37100tv6tAS37100tSeacom LTD STARTEL AS37362 Tanzania Ports Authority AS37133 Airtel Tanzania AS37100tv4tAS37100tSeacom LTD AS37142 Zanzibar Datacom AS37027 Simbanet (T) AS36908 Vodacom Tanzania AS37084 Simbanet (T) Rest of World AS33765 TANZANIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS CO. AS37349 2013 AS37364 Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority AS37182 Tanzania Research Education Network - TERNET AS36930 ZanZibar Telecom AS37419 Tanzania Revenue Authority Aptus Solutions AS37101 Astrium Services Business Communications AS37213 Spice Net Tanzania AS37045 AS37120 Selcom Broadband Tanzania Network Information Centre (tznic) AS33772 BENSON INFORMATICS LIMITED AS37496 AS22354 UNIV-DAR Aga Khan University AS33791 Tanzania internet service providers association AS36965 WIA Tanzania AS36909 Habari Node AS31810 AOTL AS37013 Satcom Networks Africa AS37372 Powercomputers Telecommunication 2014 AS36892 AFSAT COMMUNICATION T 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 28

AS12455 Kenya AS37307 Alliance for a Green revolution in Africa AS37499 UAP Holdings AS37330 Royal Media Services AS37274 NIC Bank AS37247 JHPIEGO CORPORATION AS37579 Nation Media Group AS3741 AS37166 Kenya Airways AS36904 Craft Silicon AS37601 General Motors East Africa AS37261 ROCKFELLER Foundation AS37338 G4S Security Services kenya AS36886 ALFA SOLUTIONS AS37165 WebRunner AS36975 Commercial Bank Africa AS37156 Xtranet Communications AS15808 ACCESSKENYA GROUP AS37298 Equity Bank AS37240 Mombasa IXP AS37071 Econet Wireless Kenya AS37044 Tangerine AS15399 Wananchi Group AS37578 TESPOK AS37100tv4tAS37100tSeacom LTD AS37019 Intersat Africa AS37061 One Communications AS12556 Internet Solutions (Kenya) AS37346 Davis & Shirtliff AS37052 United Nations Office Nairobi AS37514 Tullow Kenya B.V AS37305 AS37219 Frontier Optical Networks AS36952 KENCALL-EPZ Directorate e-government Rest of World AS37367 Callkey EA AS36866 Jamii Telecommunications AS33771 Safaricom AS21280 Swift Global Kenya AS36948 AS9129 AS36967 DATABIT LIMITED AS37354 SawaSawa.com KENIC AS37137 Gateway Telecommunications (Kenya) Limited AS36915 Africa Online Kenya Jambonet AS36914 AS37684 KENET AS Angani AS37470 Kenya Red Cross AS37685 Compfix Data AS36926 celtel Kenya AS33770 Liquid Telecommunications Kenya AS30994 Kenya Airways Branch providing Travel Agents A ASN DT AS36966 Edgenet AS37129 Rasmilink AS37242 AS Number for Commcarrier AS37421 Cellulant AS37396 OCEAN FIVE TELECOMS LIMITED AS37109 MyISP AS25568 KENYAWEB.COM AS37393 Plan International Kenya AS30991 AS37210 National Bank Kenya AS13224 Nairobinet Online AS327713 Equity Bank SahanNet 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 29

AS12392 Belgium AS57484 PARI-Link Bvba AS42329 AS29595 IPG Global Care&Contact Center AS198559 BELNET AS49333 Roularta Media Group SA CRELAN AS41233 Atos Worldline SAS AS29005 Belgacom S.A. AS50906 Luciad NV AS28827 Fortis Bank AS in Belgium AS41008 Cegeka NV AS41756 Orascom Telecom Algeria Spa AS42628 Netline SPRL AS39804 Vlaamse Dienst voor Arbeidsbemiddelling en Beroepsopleiding AS34167 Euro Pool System International B.V. AS41282 Daikin Europe NV AS199796 Corelio Publishing NV AS25136 Portima AS41991 Baloise Belgium NV AS13088 ASSOCIATED DEXIA TECHNOLOGY SERVICES AS39234 AS43581 Stone Internet Services bvba Smartphoto Services NV AS21373 National Bank Belgium AS31651 Interxion Belgium NV. AS35001 AS34762 AS29096 MyOwn sprl Combell group NV B.Lite Telecom SPRL/BVBA AS60765 AS6774 Next Generation Innovation Belgacom BVBA International Carrier Services SA AS3173 Stanleyworks (Europe)GmbH AS200146 Inter IKEA Treasury S.A. AS62325 Ogone SPRL AS6696 Online Internet nv/sa AS199541 EUROCONTROL AS3304 Scarlet AS50675 Ergatel Nv AS6848 Telenet N.V. AS30961 Openminds bvba AS199670 DNS-Belgium AS199207 EURid vzw AS21175 WIS Telecom SA AS28747 Easyhost BVBA AS49285 ITAF bvba AS49621 Thinfactory N.V AS51796 nexperteam cvba AS49046 VRT NV van Publiek Recht AS44944 BASE Company NV/SA AS49677 Maehdros SPRL AS35056 AG Insurance N.V. AS5432 BELGACOM S.A. AS25147 AS199942 Ecoplast Cheops Technology NV AS21239 AS199095 DNS-Belgium Citymesh NV AS34958 AS8221 Look a Box SPRL ISABEL NV AS197690 CBlue SPRL AS6716 Tunz.com SA/NV AS15583 Getronics Belgium NV/SA (G-NET) Number AS31449 BELCENTER SPRL AS21489 NATO Consultation AS60436 KBC Group NV AS39923 Unix-Solutions BVBA AS42160 LCP AS dc oostkamp AS47537 AS28691 WeePee NV Jean-Francois Stenuit AS48137 AS198946 PI-GROUP BVBA North Atlantic Treaty Organization AS50156 Boxed IT AS13226 CYBERNET SA AS44806 FirstServed N.V. / S.A AS21139 AS will be used for SONY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS43719 IBM Services Financial Sector Luxembourg AS43759 AS56837 BNP PARIBAS INVESTMENT PARTNERS BELGIUM SA Tigron bvba AS62424 STARWOOD HOTELS AND RESORTS WORLDWIDE AS24998 Orbit One bvba AS60735 Unifoot N.V. AS25428 COLRUYT GROUP SERVICES N.V. AS9166 HostIT NV AS197429 Nuance Communications International AS9208 WIN AS31154 Toyota Motor Europe AS41604 TSC Communication Group AS50857 MAC Telecom S.A. AS31237 LOTERIE NATIONALE - NATIONALE LOTERIJ AS200116 Ioteo SA AS57948 Cobalt Group BVBA AS42744 AZ Sint Jan AV AS200133 SCRL Intercommunale de Sante Publique du Pays de Charleroi AS56808 HDP & ARISTA Services SA AS42851 Elia Asset AS number AS8368 AS9031 AS29435 AS5463 Belgian Network Solutions B.V.B.A AS41293 AS41135 EDPNET @ipower N.V. Perceval S.A. regio[.net] GmbH & Co. KG Voxbone worldwide AS AS28704 AS199116 AS31713 AS29533 AS43076 Rest of Telindus N.V. SPRL IBM OF BELGIUM AS39318 Gateway Communication FreeBIX - Internet Exchange Point "Global Broadband Solution" societe de droit americain World Nucleus BVBA AS34144 AS50998 EUSIP bvba AS31511 Ulysse Group S.A. AS48517 AS58122 Infrabel NV van publiek recht Destiny N.V NorthgateArinso Belgium NV AS20501 AS49145 Banque de Luxembourg SA CORESIO BELGIUM BVBA Brutele SC AS8201 XS4ALL Belgium NV AS21108 AS48315 AS41471 SIEMENS AG AS31241 Alpha Networks S.P.R.L. 's AS number AS28988 Massive Media Match NV AS43751 ASP.be SA Fluxys Belgium sa Keytradebank SA/NV AS2611 AS62383 AS15442 AS29587 AS35733 BELNET Procter & Gamble Service GmbH AS59547 Lambrechts Data Services VOF AS196760 Schedom Vof ASN for EURid SYNTIGO S.A./N.V. CloudFounders NV AS197949 AS251 Vlaamse Media Maatschappij N.V. Future in Question AS9009 M247 AS47377 AS48638 AS44708 MOBISTAR ENTERPRISE SERVICES SA Cronos NV AS42030 AS42792 PAUL WURTH S.A. "Global Broadband Solution" societe de droit americain Direction Generale du Tresor AS15776 AS43256 International Business Machines AS51466 "Global Broadband Solution" societe de droit americain Belgium AS35593 Bridgestone Europe SA/NV AS196987 UniWeb RealDolmen NV AS58367 AS28707 FOSDEM VZW AS20650 Kangaroot BVBA AS35821 Connexeon IP NEXIA N.V. AS198985 AS44312 AS39579 Association Aquilenet AS21424 AS56675 Moving Art Studio ASBL CHICAGO METALLIC CONTINENTAL ING Belgique SA O.A.C. bvba AS48075 Society For Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication SCRL AS12493 Mobistar SA AS31612 AGFA GEVAERT NV AS56799 Jordens Datacenter NV AS16294 Zemblaz n.v. AS35219 Rackboost NV AS31669 Riffle Media BVBA AS51867 Research In Motion Belgium BVBA AS198847 EXXOSS SPRL AS49964 VERIXI SPRL AS60780 Artilium NV AS61023 Worldcall AS33864 Wallonie Data Center Network AS15681 Gaz de France AS56693 TwoTown Belgique AS35230 DG International Limited AS20601 HIX GROUP S.R.L AS16194 RealDolmen NV AS31309 New Media Ventures BVBA AS25194 AGC Glass Europe AS200099 Caviar Group NV AS8476 BVDEP AS47861 Peter E. J. Durieux AS39628 Firstlink Networks AS12942 Network Research Belgium AS12763 Honda Europe NV AS197483 "Global Broadband Solution" societe de droit americain AS42018 TELENET NV AS15983 Carrefour Belgium AS41035 Banque CPH SCRL AS15383 CIRB-CIBG AS48408 ROOTSECURITY BVBA AS51797 BIGUP SPRL AS25344 Technofutur TIC ASBL AS16326 SmalS-MvM AS35627 Tom Laermans AS196755 3StarsNet n.v./s.a. AS41778 Ithagi BVBA AS198585 MEDIACTIVITY SPRL 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 30

AS197732 SARL SGCA AS197138 Groupe Telergos SAS AS60197 Lorraine Data Network AS49286 AS197922 Groupe Ecole Superieure de Commerce de Rennes Techcrea Solutions AS200069 MAILJET SAS AS196658 TRUST INFO AS1937 CRATERE AS199575 Centre Interbancaire Regional Rhone Alpes SA AS48879 GEEKNODE AS50135 OpWan AS34924 Musiwave Network AS200162 ILOTH AS197696 Evolix AS198034 SENSO TELECOM SAS AS198750 Association de Gestion Ecole Centrale Delectronique AS2202 Reseau Regional REAUMUR AS198997 Interveille Global SAS AS35600 VEDEGE SAS AS60226 METEORAGE SAS AS41020 STMicroelectronics International NV AS51888 Pilot Systems consulting AS39023 Snowite AS47244 Proxid AS35540 OVH Telecom AS48819 TIXEO AS47658 LAGARDERE ACTIVE DIGITAL SAS AS57591 Alpha System AS49961 Fingerprint Technologies AS43278 Blogspirit Network AS51459 Manhattan SAS AS31132 CIENUM SAS AS34000 Conseil General des Bouches-du-Rhone AS199006 Centre National de la Fonction Publique Territoriale AS12566 Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone S.A. AS2445 Reseau de Collecte du Nord-Est Francilien AS49960 SCI The Wall AS25442 Credit Agricole Cheuvreux SA AS29199 ESCP EUROPE AS60630 Association Alsace Reseau Neutre AS35334 RD Medias AS197618 Wizeo SAS AS21041 SCC SERVICES AS43698 Ariege Telecom AS197014 Winamax SAS AS12744 KEYRUS S.A. AS48413 GROUPE SOLLY AZAR AS39241 OVERLAP AS43654 TAS TELEGESTION ALARME SERVICES AS51345 EDIVIA AS199934 ALYSEO AS50897 TELECOM BRETAGNE AS47818 Midi Pyrennees Informatique Hospitaliere AS198006 U LINK AS197505 ORSID PRODUCTION SAS AS42117 INOLIA S.A. 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AS60426 HIGH POINT INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED United Kingdom (Great Britain) AS15845 Computers in the City AS56438 Loop Scorpio main AS AS50393 SUMITOMO MITSUI BANKING CORPORATION EUROPE AS199518 Charterhouse Network Services AS200145 TeleMagic AS49781 UFI AS44824 Callagenix AS44481 Professional Data Management Services AS30930 Life Science Communications AS20998 SDL International PLC AS51704 South West Grid for Learning Trust AS44934 Arachsys Internet Services AS199196 Infracast AS15865 Elliott Advisors UK (Ltd) AS49247 The East Sussex Fire Services AS34623 Astutium AS35082 Vibus AS39884 inet Telecoms AS44671 Skyline Networks & Consultancy AS34737 QinetiQ AS39461 EDF Energy Nuclear Generation Group AS16166 WorldPay (UK) AS33859 The Portal Partnership AS44110 Walsall Metropolitan Borough Council AS34407 Wavecrest (UK) AS44403 Bristol City Council AS42536 Deloitte & Touche LLP - UK Infrastructure AS47535 Javelin Broadband AS59680 Convergent Network Solutions AS48639 Rentsmart AS34728 Cinven Services AS39361 Intuitive IT AS196981 London Borough Brent Council AS48992 Core Education Consulting Solutions (UK) AS12707 Caberfeidh (UK) AS198382 1st Easy AS35545 Badoo Technologies Limited AS15677 MBA Systems AS34013 Hotels Online International AS34243 Web Age AS34026 Bucks Net Services AS60889 Sean McRobbie PE AS2589 Wanstor AS21260 The Positive Internet AS199569 Cognizant Technology Solutions UK AS8548 JISC Collections And Janet AS29444 Burstfire Networks AS57784 NDS AS57907 CloudConnX AS198047 UK Webhosting AS20577 Tradeweb Europe AS49726 Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council AS43014 Kirkland & Ellis International AS44008 Royal Borough Kensington & Chelsea AS59410 Skyweb AS47367 Torbay Economic Development AS60381 Pana Services AS48513 Sitekit Solutions AS8897 KCOM Group PLC AS60253 "ElasticHosts AS196656 Bayberry Rue AS199986 Yayyay Networks AS43519 NOMINET UK AS28687 KBC Investments AS8655 Adjacent Networks AS29131 Iomart AS51406 2Connect UK AS198046 Scott Logic AS31742 Sotaconnect Network AS30909 FastVision AS29328 T-Mobile (UK) AS50746 Britannic Technologies AS196671 Little Owl Computer Services AS8276 Vone Services AS21110 LADBROKES IT & SHARED SERVICES LIMITED AS29302 Hosting Services AS25421 John Lewis Plc. AS41000 Freethought Internet AS41968 Serversure AS3206 AF Blakemore & Son AS62240 Clouvider AS48303 Pannone LLP AS42044 CentralNic AS42382 Lightwood Consultancy AS8457 ABCnet AS34539 Servelocity AS34286 Aberdeen Journals AS48404 Basepoint Centres AS47534 VocaLink AS33953 Experian International AS62136 U46 AS50287 Audatex (UK) AS198313 SystemHOST AS48449 CANTILLON CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLP AS29164 Titan Internet AS25470 Scottish Southern Energy PLC AS61012 Livedrive Internet AS58124 CAPITAL SUPPORT LIMITED AS60793 Ocean Unified Communications AS44931 TNTExpressICS AS49212 REALE SEGUROS GENERALES AS198536 Safe Financials AS50184 Mesh Internet AS60210 Third Circle AS56518 PacketPipe AS48825 Fast2host AS8844 CI-Net AS AS28986 Loud-n-Clear AS47351 REDtechnology.com AS44516 Setfire Media AS15977 Pershing AS8272 Netscalibur UK AS198222 West Herts College AS39757 The UK Grid Network AS49413 Imerja AS60688 CSP Partnership AS57586 VENSERVE VENTURES LLP AS3328 KCOM Group PLC AS49928 Prisacom S.A. 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AS41593 Unit Vector AS34654 Ionic Information AS44037 COBBETTS LLP AS30969 Zimbabwe OnLine (Private) 5 March 2014 AS52220 BAWAG P.S.K. Bank fuer Arbeit und Wirtschaft und Oesterreichische Postsparkasse Aktiengesellschaft AS34401 EMI Group AS200147 Hosting Techniques AS60668 SwiftServe AS9105 Tiscali UK AS50656 Optix Software Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 32 AS24591 i2 Networks AS50529 Cubic Transportation Systems AS61164 VICOMNETWORKS AS6320 MDNX Enterprise Services AS33860 ICAP Management Services AS50224 eaga PLC AS35832 Birmingham Grid for Learning AS AS15636 Collingwood Business Solutions AS61337 Electronic Communities AS15957 Web Technology Group AS21459 Advanced 365 AS35262 4L Communications AS58245 AME Investments AS29626 Staffordshire County Council AS48717 Rural Payments Agency AS31493 2020Media.net.uk AS31493 AS198763 SPIRIT AEROSYSTEMS (EUROPE) LIMITED AS35559 Someaddress Networks AS196875 Modrus AS59581 One Connect AS42009 AVR Group AS12327 idear4business international AS197342 AePONA AS49695 My JobGroup AS12701 Barclays Bank plc AS197669 Synety AS2868 The JNT Association AS197651 THE HUT.COM LIMITED AS48003 Wm Morrison Supermarkets Plc AS44402 GFI Holdings AS57851 Genesis Housing Association AS60939 Monster Worldwide AS47130 Verlagsgruppe NEWS GmbH AS44829 MSCI Barra SA AS200038 Hewlett-Packard AS57307 Blaze Networks AS197122 Affinion International AS198189 Crown Office Procurator Fiscal Service AS29180 Telefonica UK AS20629 BIS AS48906 ERGO Insurance Service GmbH AS197182 The Briars Group AS20927 Addison Lee AS199291 Blue Chip Data Systems AS34066 TelAppliant AS8683 Nominet UK AS8912 Group NBT plc (formerly NetBenefit) AS44697 C3 AS51945 ConnetU AS198781 G3 Network Services AS16362 7 Global Systems AS60648 e-know.net Limites AS50697 ACSN AS197239 Ashridge (Bonar Law Memorial) Trust AS41493 BATS Trading Limited AS39875 Zycomm Electronics AS15786 Callserve Communications AS39520 Media Corporation plc AS39846 Onega AS41614 TeleDesign Solutions AS24716 Interdirect Limited AS43545 Teledata UK AS51198 DREAM SERVERS AS12295 Professional Telecommunications AS12433 Orbtalk AS199557 CB&I UK AS15697 BT Ignite Intercontinental Satellite Video Streaming AS2830 Verizon Nederland B.V. 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AS35098 Monitor AS48910 InterNAP Network Services U.K. AS39617 Chris Burton t/a 8086 Consultancy AS45014 Nuco Technologies AS24661 MDS Technologies AS42359 The Football Association AS25028 Igroup AS29026 Charles Taylor Consulting PLC AS20705 HSBC Bank plc AS57551 E-COMMERA LIMITED AS60899 atech Media AS35405 Macquarie Bank internet network European AS number AS197822 Varidion Limited AS34790 Waveworks Internet Network AS8607 Timico AS39545 Fluidata AS41373 NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE AS39801 Leeds City Council AS35072 Serco Solutions AS AS42831 UK Dedicated Servers AS31565 Symantec AS21423 Komax AG AS31300 Financial Times AS43013 York Data Services AS51055 Bridge Partners AS50598 Datagate Network Solutions AS42369 LBI AS50229 Stratos Global AS16353 Merula AS5607 British Sky Broadcasting AS8943 Jump Networks AS31265 MLNet AS12628 Jaco Engelbrecht AS48182 WRN AS35045 Oxygen8 Communications UK AS49780 Allen & Company Advisors AS57668 Santrex Internet Services AS31509 W2 Networking AS198864 Queen Mary Westfield College AS43255 Assured Guaranty (UK) ltd AS13076 Virgin Media AS9115 Internet Names For Business AS28819 E-COMMERA LIMITED AS33820 Reed Elsevier Group Plc AS25218 The Economist Newspaper AS25006 Abbey National Treasury services PLC AS50202 Hiscox Underwriting Group Services AS47671 Continuum Hosting AS198362 HELIACAL NETWORKS AS199224 Advatek Limited AS50541 Virtek AS39782 MF Global UK AS59717 Arco AS20695 Capital One Bank (Europe) plc AS8916 Portfast AS42537 AutoOnline GMBH AS21208 YOUNG AND RUBICAM SL AS43338 Rational Services AS15951 Dow Jones & AS35017 Swiftway Sp. z o.o. 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AS44251 Asergis Global Services AS16315 Absolute Clarity AS44646 Gamesys AS34931 Awareness Software AS44305 The Cloud Computing Centre AS50965 LEONHARD KURZ STIFTUNG CO. KG AS28729 Ford Motor Company Limited AS60339 Hutchison 3G UK Limited AS48177 Finsoft AS15676 Voxeo Europe AS43835 NCC Services AS31637 WPP Group Technology Services AS25501 TUXTEL AS30837 CDMS AS28690 ING DIRECT UK N.V. AS49958 EVOLUTION GAMING LIMITED AS43949 Marsh & McLennan Companies AS56929 Wandsworth Borough Council AS15542 ZeelandNet BV AS47474 Virtual1 AS40968 Professional Protection Electronic AS49882 Skrill AS60885 Genetics Limited AS59619 Blackpool Borough Council AS42077 Micro-Business Maintenance AS15773 Inclarity plc AS15412 Flag Telecom Global Internet AS AS30847 Lancaster University Network Services AS58117 Swordfish Hosting AS48071 Northcote Internet AS25327 FTSE-International AS198312 Spectra Group (uk) AS41021 Ebuyer UK AS197568 Cardif Pinnacle Insurance Management Services PLC AS15961 Attenda AS44782 FXCM Securities Limited AS25061 Associated Networks AS53335 BlueCrest Capital Management LP AS13009 InTechnology Plc AS8513 SkyVision Global Networks AS8851 Edge Telecom AS20712 Andrews Arnold AS49868 ANITE BUSINESS SYSTEMS AS49765 Comms365 AS49669 Cognito AS41203 Geopost UK AS15429 DIGEX UK AS61127 DOTA PTY AS31562 OpenMarket AS12496 Infinity Developments AS34660 Idaq AS57315 PureBlue Global Networks AS15830 AS61255 TELECITYGROUP INTERNATIONAL LIMITED PMGC Technology Group Limited AS42179 ACCELERATE4 AS35799 Served Up AS44422 Wavex Technology AS5500 Colloquium AS48493 TFM Networks AS34746 AXA Insurance UK plc AS57228 Imtech ICT AS33941 Challenger Technology AS41751 Ocado AS39179 Modrus AS61072 EZCloud LIMITED AS51263 County Broadband AS33926 Kaia Global Networks AS44745 Fidessa PLC AS41977 Fluent AS39621 Stream UK Media Services AS39118 Earthgazer AS15766 Domicilium (IOM) AS25562 Sony Computer Entertainment Europe (SCEE) AS49758 Lloyds Banking Group PLC AS41830 Fitzpatrick AS34816 AEG Europe AS16162 London Web AS5400 British Telecommunications plc AS21177 Uklinux AS198472 Manchester City Council AS33879 Forth Ports Public AS62209 ahbr AS13005 C2 Internet AS42344 Concept Coders AS13191 netaxis AS31523 Laterooms AS AS29457 Options Technology AS43979 Louis Capital Markets UK LLP AS62364 Plymouth City Council AS198075 Travelers Management AS41246 Electronic Media Services AS57994 NetEarth UK AS34587 Hillside (New Media) AS41951 GlobecastUK AS57740 Hermes Datacommunications International Limited AS12290 Exonetric Consulting AS43620 Syan Hosting AS57750 NDS Group AS21431 Telehouse multihomed network AS41321 Fujitsu Technology Solutions GmbH AS8680 Sure Guernsey AS35662 Redstation AS39341 Acxiom U.K. AS15379 Flexiant AS16096 The Sporting Exchange AS51409 SectorSix AS31223 Electronic Arts Limited UK AS31404 LYCATEL DISTRIBUTION UK LIMITED AS2856 BTnet UK Regional network AS15992 Visa Europe Services INC. AS33854 Nuco Technologies AS56329 Gigaclear AS15533 SunGard Availability Services (UK) AS199675 Willis Group Services AS41448 Future Publishing AS48973 Netplan Internet Solutions AS24594 Frontier Systems AS51736 Brit Group Services AS50972 Jamie Oliver AS42973 Metronet (UK) AS199659 Suretec Systems AS49846 Prolexic Technologies AS6894 KDDI Europe AS196933 Atlas Interactive Group AS28705 Cybase AS13213 UK2 - AS44314 ITsynergy AS13216 Itex Guernsey AS198719 Intelliworkspace AS56595 Fluency Communications AS6859 DIGITAL CONTINUITY LIMITED AS51439 Chartis UK Services AS43198 Outsourcery Hosting AS35716 Merseyrail Electrics 2002 AS47296 HiFX PLC AS8220 COLT Technology Services Group AS42370 C2C AS60800 Netwise Hosting AS198142 Warrington Borough Council AS197370 Nottinghamshire County Council AS16293 2e2 MS LIMITED AS29045 IT Action AS25346 Tiscali UK AS196628 Eurolink Telecom AS56565 Manor IT (UK) Limited AS60914 Telecoms Consortium AS47426 Advitel AS30949 Exponential-E AS15770 Derwentside District Council AS34164 Akamai International B.V. AS50763 MCKAYCOM AS42228 BrightStar AS199799 Soundmouse AS35736 ORANGE HOME UK PLC AS44891 24 Seven Communications AS21439 Morgan Stanley & Co. International PLC AS20782 Zebra Electronics AS39451 Melbourne Server Hosting AS41678 The Internet Business AS49375 Trunk Networks AS35801 Lion Re:Sources UK AS48596 SAC Global Investors LLP AS42356 France Television AS21054 RBSG Internet operations AS41793 On-Communications AS39097 Azzurri Communications AS28939 ARM AS199631 WightFibre AS28863 Thales Transport and Security AS8950 Logicalis UK AS34900 CME Operations Limited AS39674 Solutios AS15572 Verizon UK Limited AS57511 OvalTech Internet AS44965 Contactual Inc. AS34294 Accenture SL AS28695 Trader Publishing AS44226 Acturis AS42040 Crosspoint Colocation AS51818 Genus PLC AS25048 DSNet Hosting AS199131 City York Council AS56730 Wirehive AS49525 PARADOX ENGINEERING SAGL AS42010 ITPS AS25022 TDM Group Limited AS21160 Markel International Services AS44052 Press Computer Systems AS21369 Atos IT Services UK AS25320 Skypower AS5564 Brightsolid AS24775 QinetiQ AS60933 Qualcomm Incorporated AS21076 BTA AS43664 Thermeon Worldwide Plc AS30827 Xtraordinary Networks AS199542 Sonassi AS51823 Microtalk Telecommunications AS197463 Crossflight AS49487 Zamir Telecom AS50246 360 Treasury Systems AG AS50432 Royal Bank Scotland plc AS196902 Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council AS34697 Emerson AS44791 Audio Visual Machines AS34099 Road Tech Computer Systems AS61350 The Economist Newspaper AS200008 Pirum Systems AS48718 LBM Direct Marketing AS35822 CEGER AS47264 Ping Networks AS31202 Qualcomm Incorporated AS41342 Durrants-Press-Cuttings-NET AS47603 Tptp AS59565 Cronos Internet AS21218 Smartways AS42880 HP Enterprise Services UK AS31402 Blue Square AS30844 Liquid Telecommunications AS8838 Stripe21 VN AS31398 NEC Europe AS30914 ioko365 AS33970 M247 AS12855 Houxou AS12702 Verizon Business EMEA - IPv6 only AS12789 DMG Media AS29120 Mayer Brown International LLP AS48935 Automat Limited AS21433 Accenture UK AS51901 COMS LIMITED AS24949 AXA Technology Services UK AS199204 CorNetworks AS25464 Telesign Mobile AS60564 Esgob AS34344 Port Of Tilbury London AS50882 Maxnett AS28959 Vitol London AS61234 Commtouch AS43599 North West Electronics AS29054 NSE Global AS60969 GetOnline AS34134 FreeClix AS199679 Cmed Technology AS25259 AS for Glopeop Financial Services AS21055 Axamba T/As Web Tapestry AS48463 Tradition Financial Services AS197832 Navisite AS47691 Internet Technology AS44504 Andy Davidson AS49751 Internet For Everything AS41909 Hometrack Data Systems AS8530 Excell Group PLC AS15601 Baring asset Management 155 Bishopsgate London UK AS47523 Heidmar UK AS43669 Axia Computer Systems Limited AS48961 Warwicknet AS39917 PKR Technologies AS15689 Advanced IT Services Nottingham AS47716 CorpoLink AS196904 N.E. Services AS60898 Aquis Exchange AS24887 Lone Pine Capital (UK) AS43424 PROCEAU AS196942 Digital Distribution Networks AS59676 AS44574 Networks AS25049 STASCo AS42466 Meteoric AS31345 Business Network JV AS20617 BNP PARIBAS SA AS13173 Foreshore AS31151 Performance Horizon Group AS43532 Alpari (UK) AS60760 Experian AS42634 Stoke-on-Trent City Council AS25135 Vodafone AS57894 Incon Limited AS5089 Virgin Media AS197980 CloudXL AS199456 VALID TECHNOLOGY L.P. AS59659 Securus communications AS58218 Monster Worldwide AS30933 KDA Web Services AS196720 decarta Inc. AS25310 Cable Wireless Access AS35299 Classroom 2000 AS47999 Transversal Corporation AS42129 Serverstream AS50088 Fort Technologies AS48952 ZBI Europe AS197409 Co-operative Group (CWS) AS9140 Hyperneph AS5596 T-Mobile Hungary Telecommunications Company Limited by Shares AS24916 OrbitalNet AS5555 Sohonet AS51072 Health Social Care Information Centre AS21267 Wavenet AS57168 BBS Commerce AS31632 OAG Aviation WorldWide AS34007 Proquote AS51649 Vision Capital Group AS30803 Trident Net AS196674 Speedflow Communications AS41433 Research In Motion AS34922 NetNames Operations AS29452 Secura Hosting AS198440 M12 Solutions AS62267 Net365 AS25547 Intuit Maidenhead AS49324 Nottingham City Council AS62145 BANGO.NET AS43531 IX Reach AS31547 McKinsey & Company Inc United Kingdom AS50384 W-IX AS196881 Liberty-izone AS39627 British Sky Broadcasting AS49485 High Availability Hosting Limited AS51946 University of Newcastle upon Tyne AS5462 Virgin Media AS41813 Axill Europe AS29019 Morningstar Europe AS41477 LMAX AS57156 ANS Group plc AS51005 4D Interactive AS60736 The Internet Group AS24990 Equinix France AS34830 FCP Internet AS51043 Aspire Technology Solutions AS42663 GLG Partners LP AS49503 Selection Services AS38974 SPICE I2I Limited AS6838 The Flirble Internet Exchange AS28914 Cloud9 Communications AS57002 William Hill Organization AS198328 Trayport AS60667 Konek-T Broadband AS21077 ISP4Business AS35652 Grey Communications Group AS197852 Renaissance Capital Services AS5551 Cable & Wireless UK P.U.C. AS12621 1A Networks AS31515 INMARSAT GLOBAL LIMITED AS42944 Ticketmaster UK AS196646 Datum Datacentres AS16164 Sohonet AS51059 Brightbox Systems AS50023 Vodat International AS29033 Eckoh UK AS44437 AHORRO CORPORACION AS62288 Protect Global AS29202 PA Sport UK AS51205 Omnifone AS51159 Think Systems UK AS16174 Intuitiv AS44548 CMC Markets Plc AS48610 Unitel AS42262 Dynmark International AS29669 GE Medical Systems Societe en Commandite Simple AS21301 Royal Bank Scotland plc AS59597 4Com plc AS198756 Easy Connect AS21327 Hutchison 3G UK and Ireland Core AS AS51049 Pensionkassernes Administration A/S AS16303 IPSwitch Networks AS42465 Websense Hosted Security - Anycast network AS13285 TalkTalk Communications AS41936 Colt Group AS39326 Goscomb Technologies AS47622 Datatech UK AS25050 VOCALINK AS51063 Fujitsu Telecommunications Europe AS44955 Dark Group AS41919 Genesys Laboratories UK AS61130 Source Managed Services AS47762 Magnetic North Software AS196839 Virtual Universe AS16085 INFOBOLSA S.A. AS197913 CCPG Solutions AS60866 Clear Picture Services Limited AS50510 Cancer Research UK AS51498 CONNECTION NETWORKS L.P. AS44557 Dragonara Alliance AS61001 RESPONSETAP LIMITED AS35788 Websense Hosted Security Network AS16334 Sureline Communications Limited AS16082 Spitfire Network Services AS199646 EPIOHOST AS47572 Ticketmaster UK AS29009 UK Wireless Broadband Network AS50632 nu Colocation AS31015 Hill and Knowlton Strategies AS31392 Phoenix Venture Holdings AS48888 Miranda Technologies AS47400 Bank Oppenheim jr. & Cie (Schweiz) AG AS196962 Cupid plc AS35670 Aggregated Telecom AS8669 Total Web Solutions AS198801 Your Housing Group AS35327 Naglotech AS33921 Lebara AS48077 Zix Corporation AS41012 The Cloud Networks AS12703 Pulsant (Scotland) AS31453 Lothlorien Consulting AS60677 DIRECT LINE GROUP SERVICES LIMITED AS47393 WPP Group Technology Service AS199286 Abtec Network Systems AS197419 The International Institute For Strategic Studies AS8435 Lloyds Banking Group PLC AS2873 The Internet Business AS197101 Bellingham Telecoms AS30967 Software Cellular Network Limited AS25376 Netnorth AS198079 Delcam PLC AS37100tv4tAS37100tSeacom LTD AS42875 National Car Parks AS42579 Comtec Enterprises AS60541 Voice Simplified AS25127 BTopenworld Broadband & Narrowband networks located in the UK AS199130 Ocean Media Group Limited AS48660 Ultra Communications AS34010 Yahoo! Europe AS42046 Independent Television News Limited AS8190 MDNX Internet AS42342 Omnypay Limited AS31270 Fusion Media Networks AS197338 Societe Generale Securities Services UK AS12708 TalkTalk Communications AS28837 Vox Mundi AS8676 PRT Systems AS61124 Marston's Telecoms AS199335 Talk Straight AS41548 Medway Council AS49397 Cambridge Imaging Systems AS31487 VarTec Telecom UK AS25577 Connexions4London AS198426 Lonsdale Network Services AS20679 hso: broadband internet AS198831 GPW + Co. AS24976 Techgate PLC AS41553 Reed Managed Services AS31665 Invesco UK AS30894 Mblox AS48273 essensys AS34555 C.C.S. (Leeds) AS59705 POBOX Hosting AS6824 Hermes Telecom International AS42633 Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Services AS25098 Netcalibre AS35399 Online50 AS49657 Transaction Network Services (UK) AS56990 Syscomm AS47539 Microgen Management Services AS42479 Kroll AS44822 Syncsort AS25026 Vio Worldwide AS34632 Ariel Communications AS29214 HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT AS44568 OpSource AS43383 AlwaysON AS34350 Man Investments AS42284 Cameron AS30769 The Berkeley Group plc AS197085 Sykes Global Services AS51006 ZEN Network Technologies AS35289 Symantec Limited AS47625 Paul David Hughes trading as Hosting Systems AS8689 Power Internet AS199730 Neil Westlake AS200143 Elstat Electronics AS28861 Newedge UK Financial AS57403 ORC Software AB AS44684 Mythic Beasts AS50957 Memset AS5600 Total Connectivity Providers AS39060 Sainsbury's Supermarkets AS51551 Updata Infrastructure (UK) AS50173 Vtesse Networks AS51782 BUZ BROADBAND LIMITED AS198071 ZBI Europe AS61163 The Liechtenstein Limited AS39313 WT EMEA Acquisition AS20976 Domainmaster AS35259 APM Internet UK Network AS47549 Hosting Systems AS21130 Iomart AS31273 Bisnet AS44369 EMBC PROCUREMENT LIMITED AS47163 Ingenico (UK) AS39332 ServerForce AS21233 C2 Direct Transit AS AS25426 D.FI Services SAS AS60734 PDQ Computers AS31743 Interpublic GIS (UK) AS47443 Velocity1 Limited AS8296 H Bauer Publishing AS43323 Playout 247 AS199559 Bloomberg Polarlake AS47797 ESSEX COUNTY COUNCIL AS199055 Skyscape Cloud Services AS43838 City Bradford Metropolitan District AS47563 Satellite Information Services AS13208 Newtel AS21464 EDF Trading AS20505 Legal & General Investment Management Holdings AS56644 Synergy Financial Servics AS9090 PR Newswire Europe AS52200 M5 AS197591 Intercept IT AS8698 Nationwide Building Society AS61226 EMNET Solutions AS43313 Miniclip SA. AS21118 Total S.A. AS35544 Splendor (UK) AS28779 North of England Microelectronics Institute AS12658 Dexterity Networks AS41495 Faelix AS39116 Telehouse Inter. Corp. Europe AS44972 Cobbett Hill Earth Station Limited AS48954 AIMES GRID SERVICES COMMUNITY INTEREST AS60819 Safenames AS12390 KCOM Group Public AS47121 Sensemakers B.V. AS38936 Herman Miller AS47856 Delta Productions AS28780 The PCMS Group Plc AS24604 Eli Lilly and Company Limited AS43408 SecureData Europe AS29527 Astutium AS15653 NetSumo AS42958 Senior Internet AS29611 Elite AS12870 Arrowhead Systems AS30756 Travelport International Limited AS49546 Voicetec Sys Limited AS41695 Vostron AS41659 Robert Bentley t/a Synergyworks Internet AS49162 Entee Global Services AS25587 MoneyAM AS57148 Bytehouse AS199133 Via-Vox AS57653 Central Technology AS16260 GTT - EMEA AS60194 Stapia Networks AS20952 VENUS BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS LIMITED AS34861 Informatica Software AS15692 Razorblue AS15570 Internap European AS41357 34SP.com AS30805 Editure Education Services UK AS42332 The Software Connection AS41362 Brightgrey AS48325 Birmingham Science Park Aston AS49807 LANDMARK PLC AS198032 Cambridge Assessment AS28697 Nitrex AS45019 Ben Ryall-Mack AS60257 Origin Broadband AS42383 Griffin Information Systems AS57203 Lowcosttravelgroup AS49182 BT ENGAGE IT AS49728 Herefordshire Council AS24705 The Communication Gateway AS48231 Thinkgrid AS35707 Scottish Power PLC AS43057 Dimasoft AS33967 Lancashire County Council AS57672 Daniel James Austin AS62172 Indigoo AS199766 Sovereign Business Integration Group plc AS34253 WPP 2005 AS15418 Fasthosts Internet AS59638 WINDSWEPT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LIMITED AS51707 Medway Towns Council AS39849 ProTX AS43392 Bluebay Asset Management Plc AS15568 European Bank for Reconstruction Development AS44480 Brevan Howard Asset Management LLP AS21470 South West Communications Group AS41840 National Grid UK AS13258 Centrica Plc AS43436 Groupe LE FIGARO AS44426 Synectics Solutions AS34930 BAA Airports AS51766 Merseyside Fire Rescue Service AS200124 FLEXTRADE UK LIMITED AS9142 Netline UK AS49049 Bath North East Somerset Council AS60739 Server Centre Hosting AS61283 Andrew Millar AS31535 Idesta Solutions AS59402 Virocom AS29575 London Stock Exchange AS13114 Nationwide Building Society AS5482 Daisy Communications AS8942 Focus Information AS199032 Call27 AS200083 Sub 6 AS28782 Vistorm AS42584 London Capital Group AS44971 GOETEC AS50888 Minotaur IT AS43328 Nation Wilcox Associates AS52129 Proofpoint Inc. AS50286 Link up Mitaka AS48620 Beaming AS198567 ED & F MAN CAPITAL MARKETS LIMITED AS28688 WPP Group Technology Services AS58102 2Dmedia AS39592 Benjamin Ashton AS39609 Multicom Products AS31021 Dialogue Communications AS199555 Virgin Money plc AS44801 Direct Technical AS43534 CreditCall AS50028 Mvision Video Networks AS196809 FremantleMedia AS47813 Semantico AS57356 Highland Network AS21422 Connect internet Solutions

Regional interconnections visualized Latin America & Central America 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 33

Regional interconnections visualized FI Finland SE Sweden EE Estonia RU Russian Federation LV Latvia PL Poland LT Lithuania BY Belarus UA Ukraine KZ Kazakhstan MN Mongolia CN China HU Hurgary MD Moldova GE Georgia AZ Azerbaijan BG Bulgaria RO Romania TR Turkey AM Armenia TM Turkmenistan UZ Uzbekistan TJ Tajikistan KG Kyrgyzstan IR Iran AF Afghanistan Russia, Ukraine and surrounding countries 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 34

Regional interconnections visualized Caribbean VI Virgin Islands AW Aruba AI Anguilla MF Saint Martin (French Part) VG Virgin Islands CW Curaçao KN Saint Kitts and Nevis SD Sudan Africa DO Dominican Republic HT Haiti PR Puerto Rico Rest of World BQ Bonaire SX Sint Maarten (Dutch Part) BL Saint Barthélemy DJ Djibouti ET Ethiopia SO Somalia EG Egypt GD Grenada AG Antigua and Barbuda MG Madagascar RW Rwanda TT Trinidad and Tobago JM Jamaica CU Cuba BB Barbados TC Turks and Caicos Islands DM Dominica VC Saint Vincent and the Grenadines LC Saint Lucia MQ Martinique MS Montserrat KY Cayman Islands BS Bahamas TG Togo SZ Swaziland GH Ghana CG Congo MZ Mozambique BW Botswana NG Nigeria AO Angola MU Mauritius MW Malawi ZA South Africa BJ Benin KE Kenya ZW Zimbabwe NA Namibia UG Uganda SS South Sudan TZ Tanzania ZM Zambia CD Congo BI Burundi LS Lesotho SC Seychelles CI Ivory Coast CM Cameroon LR Liberia ML Mali MR Mauritania BF Morocco MA Burkina 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 35 CF Central African Republic

Summary Open session 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 36

Q&A? Contact: Martin J. Levy Director, IPv6 Strategy Hurricane Electric 760 Mission Court Fremont, CA 94539, USA http://he.net/ martin at he dot net +1 (510) 580 4167 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London Page 37

ADDITIONAL SLIDES ABOUT OECD REPORT 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 38

http://oecdinsights.org/2012/10/22/internet-traffic-exchange-2-billion-users-and-its-done-on-a-handshake/ The OECD report OECD An International Treaty Organization Authored 2012 edition by: Published Dennis Weller Navigant Economics Bill Woodcock PCH October 2012 Part of a series, published every five years Audience Weller, D. and B. Woodcock (2012), Internet Traffic Exchange: Market Developments and Policy Challenges, OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 207, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k918gpt130q-en Policy Makers, Regulators, Lawmakers, Economists, etc 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 39 A total of 99 pages, 108 references. Plenty of Internet peering stats

The OECD report (key takeaways - globally) High handshake % for peering agreements Ratio of traffic/ecosystem cost vs. voice cost Peering and IXs work (well obviously) Very good results with little regulation 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 40

The reports peering numbers (#1) Key peering numbers: this report gathered responses from 4,331 ISPs representing 86% of in 96 countries survey of 142,000 peering agreements 99.5% of interconnection agreements without a written contract less than 1% of a full mesh market participants will self-organize efficient Internet exchange points 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London Page 41

The reports peering numbers (#2) Performance: traffic grow at an average rate of about 50% per year Costs: rates for Internet transit have declined dramatically over the last fifteen years the rate of change has leveled off in the most recent period transit five orders of magnitude lower than typical voice 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London Page 42

The real audience legal and policy Legal and Policy Frameworks Every market exists within a legal and policy framework established by government. Markets for network communications in OECD countries have benefitted from liberalisation policies which have sought to open markets and promote competition. These have included specific measures to ensure availability of leased lines and access to rights of way, for example. The success of the Internet IP market for traffic exchange would not be possible without this broad policy framework of liberalisation. Indeed, in regions where the development of Internet IP traffic exchange has been less satisfactory, the cause has generally been a lack of sufficient liberalisation within the country or region, rather than a lack of performance by the global Internet market as a whole. 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 43

Challenges for the future four points Internet Architecture IPv4 to IPv6 Technical Innovation Speed of links need to keep up with Internet growth (10GbE to 100GbE links) Optoelectronic physics research & Internet exponential growth Internet model of traffic exchange Tromboning, peering (bilateral & multilateral), CDNs evolution of relationships Policy challenges for policy makers bright line between TDM world and IP world 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 44

Policy (#1) The bright line proposal TDM mainly lives within a regulatory framework IP traffic mainly lives without regulation VoIP (this was not reviewed but there s good text there) TDM reform Several OECD countries have undertaken reform 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 45

Policy (#2) Disagreements in the IP peering world For a commercial agreement to be voluntary, parties to it must be able to decline or terminate it. Peering disputes have been fought-out in the press and in front of potential regulators there must be some limit to the amount of disruption a private dispute can be allowed to case Pricing model One allegation is that, when CDNs establish peering arrangements with local access networks, they deprive them of transit revenue. This may be true, Go read: A viable future model for the Internet, AT Kearney, 2011 www.atkearney.com/ index.php/publications/a-viable-future-model-for-the-internet.html Traffic exchange and network neutrality Growth of CDNs & commercial agreements & potential exclusions in the marketplace 2005 Cogent & Level3 fought in the press 2010 Level3 & Comcast all solved commercially (vs. legal or regulatory) 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 46

Regional survey (#1) The state of development of the Internet economy differs greatly by region In nearly every region of the world, regulatory decisions constrain Internet development far more than technology, geography, economy, or demand. These regulatory decisions are rarely intended to benefit Internet users; they are nearly always defined by other communities of interest, at the expense of Internet users. Differences exist regionally Africa - Latin America - Caribbean - Middle East - Europe - Canada & US - Pacific - Australia & NZ - South Asia - East Asia Success stories exist regionally Egypt, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya & Tanzania. Brazil (CGI) & Argentina (CABASE) Europe has more IXPs than any other region, and seven of the top ten exchanges both by number of participants and volume Less than successful story India and NIXI current domestic exchange capacity less than 10% of the needs of a single national broadband provider 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 47

Regional survey (#2) Less than successful stories (an example) - Mexico Mexico continues to lag, being by far the largest nation in the world, and the only OECD member country, to continue without any domestic Internet exchange capacity This situation may be on the brink of reform, as COFETEL, the Mexican regulator, has opened access to competitive long-haul circuits, has licensed a second national carrier, and is investigating the establishment of an IXP. Figure 6: Retail price of enterprise Internet transit, mbps/month, in USD Source: Telegeography 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 48

The major takeaway Lack of Regulation has helped the Internet 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London Page 49

PEERING AGREEMENT REVIEW 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 50

Peering Agreement The review What follows is a sentence-by-sentence review of the Comcast Settlement-Free Interconnect (SFI) Policy Can be found at: http://www.comcast.com/peering/ Text dated Jan/2008 June/2009 July/2011 Anything with strikethrough is from an earlier version This peering language can change at any time Not actually called peering but SFI 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 51

Sample peering agreement (public information) Comcast Communications, Inc., Comcast Cable Communications Management, LLC, through its operating subsidiaries ("Comcast"), seeks to interconnect its IP network with other Internet backbone providers on a settlement-free basis when such interconnection provides tangible benefits to Comcast and its customers. For purposes of this SFI policy, an Internet Network must be a single Autonomous System ( ASN ). The criteria involving traffic measurement below applies to IPv4 IPv4 and IPv6 and must be met by the Applicant for three consecutive months. To apply for IPv4 or IPv6 settlement-free interconnection with Comcast an email must be sent to peering@comcast.com containing evidence of meeting all criteria listed in the policy. Applicants will be responded to within a reasonable timeframe to discuss their request. Networks that do not meet the requirements of the settlement-free interconnection policy, but remain interested in Comcast dedicated internet access services may also address their requests to peering@comcast.com. In this case the subject line of the e-mail should indicate a need for sales assistance. The body of the message should include as many details as possible, such as location and telephone number, to expedite the redirect for assistance. 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 52

Sample peering agreement (public information) IPv4 IPv4 and IPv6 Settlement-Free Interconnection Requirements for Comcast AS7922 Applicant must operate a US-wide IP backbone whose links are primarily 10 Gbps or greater. Applicant must meet Comcast at a minimum of four mutually agreeable geographically diverse points in the US. Interconnection points must include at least one city on the US east coast, one in the central region, and one on the US west coast, and must currently be chosen from Comcast peering points in the following list of metropolitan areas: New York City/Newark NJ, Ashburn, Atlanta, Miami, Chicago, Denver, Dallas, Los Angeles, Palo Alto/San Jose, and Seattle. Applicant s traffic to/from the Comcast network must be on-net only and must amount to at least 3 Gbps peak 7 Gpbs peak 10 Gbps average in the dominant direction. Interconnection bandwidth must be at least 1 Gbps 10 Gbps at each interconnection point. A network (ASN) that is a customer of a Comcast network for any dedicated IP services may not simultaneously be a settlement-free network peer. Applicant must have a professionally managed 24x7 NOC and agree to repair or otherwise remedy any problems within a reasonable timeframe. Applicant must also agree to actively cooperate to resolve security incidents, denial of service attacks, and other operational problems. 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 53

Sample peering agreement (public information) Applicant must maintain responsive abuse contacts for reporting and dealing with UCE (Unsolicited Commercial Email), technical contact information for capacity planning and provisioning and administrative contacts for all legal notices. Applicant must agree to participate in joint capacity reviews at pre-set intervals and work towards timely augments as identified. Applicant must maintain a traffic scale between its network and Comcast that enables a general balance of inbound versus outbound traffic. The end-to-end costs of network cost burden for carrying traffic between networks shall be similar to justify SFI. Applicant must abide by the following routing policy: Applicant must use the same peering AS at each US interconnection point and must announce a consistent set of routes at each point, unless otherwise mutually agreed. No transit or third party routes are to be announced; all routes exchanged must be Applicant's and Applicant's customers' routes. Applicant must filter route announcements from their customers by prefix. Neither party shall abuse the SFI network peering relationship by engaging in activities such as, but not limited to: pointing a default route at the other or otherwise forwarding traffic for destinations not explicitly advertised, resetting next-hop, selling or giving next-hop to others. 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 54

Sample peering agreement (public information) Applicant should be willing to enter into an NDA before formal discussions begin. Applicant should be advised that the SFI processes will start with a 90 day trial. On successful completion of that trial, a formal interconnect agreement will be processed. This agreement will renew annually, subject to the then current SFI Policy. During the year if there is a violation of the policy, the agreement and interconnections may be terminated upon written notice to the contacts specified in the agreement. Applicant shall not be permitted to offer or sell any IP transit services providing only AS7922. Applicant must be financially stable. Comcast requires that Applicants seeking SFI in the United States agree to provide reciprocal SFI arrangement with Comcast in the Applicant s home market. 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 55

Sample peering agreement (public information) Ongoing SFI Reviews with Comcast AS7922 Meeting the SFI network peering guidelines set forth herein is not a guarantee that an SFI network peering relationship with Comcast will be established. Comcast shall evaluate a number of business factors and reserves the right not to enter into a SFI network peering agreement with an otherwise qualified applicant. Applicants may apply for settlement-free interconnection once every six (6) months. Existing SFI network peers of Comcast will have their status reviewed periodically to ensure that joint capacity planning intervals are sufficient for growth, contacts are refreshed for operations purposes, and all criteria continue to be met. Comcast reserves the right to terminate SFI network peering, upon a notice period as determined by the parties' agreement, with peers who do not meet the criteria described above. Periodic review of the policies contained here will be conducted to ensure that the criteria and eligibility requirements are consistent with Comcast's business needs. Comcast may modify this SFI policy at any time. 5 March 2014 Hurricane Electric - Martin J. Levy - Director IPv6 Strategy - IETF89 London 56