Status of the SOLEIL project Commissioning from Linac to beamlines

Status of the SOLEIL project Commissioning from Linac to beamlines On behalf of the commissioning team 2 D01-1-CX1/DT/DTC/absorption Y Axis Title 0-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 X Axis Title 1

Site and Budget at Gif-sur-Yvette 25km south of Paris, France 350 permanent staff 19 Hectares Total budget for 2002-2009 period 454 M Investments 248 M Functioning 53 M Salaries 153 M Functioning budget per year starting in 2010: ~ 45 M. CEA and CNRS own 28% and 72% of the Synchrotron Soleil company respectively. 2

SOLEIL Characteristics Electron energy: 2.75 GeV Extended spectral range From UV (5 ev) up to hard X-Rays (30 kev) 3 rd generation Many Insertion Device beamlines 21 straight sections available (29% of ring circ.) High brilliance (10 20 ) in the soft X-ray range small emittance and high intensity Best achievable beam position stability 3

24 beamlines 24 Beamlines approved by the Council + 1 beamline to be founded 18 on insertion devices and 7 on bending magnets Spectral range equally shared : 50% below 1.3 kev and 50% above Phase 1: 11 beamlines being built =>open to external Users in 2007 07 6 on insertion devices and 3 on bending magnets + 2 IR Phase 2: 7 beamlines open to external Users in 2008 5 on insertion devices and 2 on bending magnets + 7 beamlines on ID open to external Users in 2009 3 Straight sections still free + 14 bending magnet beamports! 4

LINAC and Booster designed for topping-up operation 2.75 GeV BOOSTER 2 super periods Circumference: 157 m 36 Dipoles : 0.67 T / 2.17 m LINAC 100 MeV 3 Hz rep Rate Output charge : 8 nc in 300 ns in multibunch mode (500 ma in SR) 44 Qpoles: 10.3 T/m - 0.4 m Emittance: 110-150 nm.rad Power supplies cycling at 3 Hz 1.5 nc in 3 pulses (2ns) in 8 bunch mode (90 ma in SR) 5

LINAC turn key system provided by THALES: 1st beam on July 2nd 2005 Excellent performances: stability/reproducibility Spec. : (γε at 90 %) γε at 90 %) < 200.mm.mrad Final Acceptance pronounced on November 15th, 2005 Mode Long Pulse Short Pulse (1) Short Pulse (4) Beam Charge 10.6 nc 0.55 nc 2.27 nc Horizontal π mm.mrad 47 64 67 Vertical π mm.mrad 52 67 78 6

Booster ring commissioning Tunes kept within ± 0.05 Booster Efficiency ~ 90-95 95 % 1 st beam in the Booster at 110 MeV July 23rd, 2005 4 power supplies (Bruker( Bruker) ) ramped at 3 Hz: Tracking ± 0.2 % Beam decelerated down to 140 MeV 7

Storage Ring main parameters Energy Circumference RF frequency Harmonic number Betatron tunes (H/V) Natural chromaticities (H/V) Momentum compaction Momentum compaction α 1 / α 2 Radiation loss per turn (with IDs) Damping times Emittance Relative energy spread Natural bunch length (@ 4 MV) Coupling Multibunch mode Expected Beam Lifetime 2.75 354.097 352.202 416 18.20 /10.30-53 / -23 4.5 x 10 4.5 x 10-4 /4.6 10 1200 7, 7, 3.5 3.7 1.016 x 10-3 4 1 500 16 10-3 GeV m MHz kev ms nm.rad mm % ma h 8

Specificities and innovative aspects High ratio (43 %) of ID straight sections over total 354 m circumference Extreme requirements for beam stability Specific super-conducting cavities (352 MHz) RF power generator: solid state amplifier of 4 x 190 kw (never done) Innovative insertion devices Al chamber vessels with NEG coating (56 % of the circumference) New type of BPM digital electronics: LIBERA module 9

Commissioning Milestones in 2006 12 effective weeks 5/14 First turn 6/04 First stored beam 6/04 First beam accumulation: 8.35mA 7/04 100mA achieved 7/10 5 A.h beam dose shutdown 7/11 9/4 (water + holidays) 9/13 First photons to a beamline (DIFFABS) 9/16 200mA 9/21 First photons to a beamline (TEMPO) 9/25 300mA achieved ; 30A.h 9/29 U20 at 5.5 mm gap 9/21 First photons to a beamline (ODE) 10/15 beam lifetime = 8h @ 100mA in 312 bunches shutdown 10/16 12/01 (21 water circuit cleaning ) 12/12 First photons to a beamline (SAMBA) 12/13 first photons to a beamline (DESIRS) 12/21 75 A.h beam dose 12/21 beam lifetime =10h @ 100mA in 312 bunches 10

Expected obstacles: 10mm inner height ID vacuum vessels since the first day on 10 medium straight sections HU256 U80 11

Unexpected obstacles: Bad mounting of some RF Fingers in short straight sections RF finger at 1.5 mm from beam axis! But the beam went nicely through these very small apertures! Problem fixed now (they all have been replaced) 12

Measured Closed Orbit With All Correctors switched OFF. (BPM offsets included after BBA) H-plane Rms = 3.1mm Max = 6.4mm V-plane Rms = 0.4mm Max = 1.4mm 13

Closed Orbit Correction after the Application of the Beam Based Alignment 56 correctors in each plane and 120 BPMs. H-orbit rms = 68µm max = 225µm rms HCOR 1.1 A 1 A 48 singular values V-orbit rms = 58µm max = 190µm 32 singular values rms VCOR 2.0 A 0.4 A 14

Quadrupole Beam Based Alignment Minimize the merit function Statistics of the offsets (first iteration) σ x = 153 µm X mean =132µm σ z = 170 µm Z mean =-150µm 15

Storage Ring: magnetic measurements Very careful metrology to reach excellent alignment alignment of the Magnetic measurement bench May 2004-Aug. 2005 Magnetic measurements of 326 electro-magnets: magnetic axis centering, field properties Rotating coil bench built to reach magnetic centering to ± 25 µm and tilt ±0.1mrad 16

Storage Ring: Q-Magnet Q alignment Z (mm) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0-0.2-0.4-0.6-0.8-1 ANS Qpoles (magnetic centres) Altimetry Mar 06 with N3 optical level rms: appr. 0.087mm 1 5 9 13 1 : Cell 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 S (m) Before alignment Mar06 After alignment Apr06 Smoothing May06 17

β functions at the BPMs after LOCO application: comparison measured and theoretical values H Plan V Plan ~ 5 % differences further tuning needed 18

Betatron Coupling from Closest Tune Approach without any skew quadrupole correction Tunes ν min =0.003 Without coupling correction 2 κ 2 with =ν x -ν z -p (no vertical dispersion & single resonance approximation) υmin / = (2 + υ / min Guignard, CERN 95-06 ) ν x =18.2088 ν z =10.2840, p=8 κ = 0.08 % 19

Beam Emittance Measurements Source point in Dipole n # 2 cell # 2 Pinhole H : 25 µm V : 10 µm converter X Visible Visible Optics X optics CCD Measured Vertical Projection Camera with good linearity Image analysis by Gaussian fit and Deconvolutions Error bar on emittances : β value at source point : +/- 5 % possible beta beat Instrument parameters : a few 10-3 on H, a few 10-2 on V Vertical profile distortion remains to be understood Measured Horizontal Projection ε x = 3.9 nm.rad ± 0.25 ε z = 11 pm.rad ± 2 κ 0.3% (natural coupling) Design: ε x = 3.75 nm.rad @ 2.75 GeV 20

Tune shifts with energy Good Agreement with model 0,5 0,45 0,4 nux measured nux calculated nuz measured nuz calculated DP/P > 0: loss on half Integer resonance (0.02 wide) DP/P < 0: loss on longitudinal beam dynamics α 1 = 4.5 10-04 α 2 = 4.6 10-03 0,35 0,3 0,25 0,2 0,15 0,1 0,05 0-5 -4-3 -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 DP/P (%) f RF f RF ) p/p (%) ξx = +3 ξz = +3 f rf = 8 khz 21

Vertical Acceptance Measured Ixτ vs. vertical position of scrapers (up and down) DOWN scraper UP scraper 200 ma UP scraper 11 ma 600 500 400 Scraper is located in a long Straight section Measured ~ +/- 5mm. I x tau (ma x h) 300 200 0-13 -12-11 -10-9 -8-7 -6-5 -4-3 -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Simulations parameters: κ = 1% Zmin = ±5mm in medium straight sections 100 z (mm) Simulated Dynamic Aperture (long straight section) 22

Horizontal Acceptance Measured: - 15mm Deduced from turn by turn data kicking the beam with one injection kicker Confirmed by inserting the scrapers at septum equivalent position and kicking the beam with the same kicker Beam loss: Septum Position (-15mm) 23

Vibration measurements on SR girders Experimental Modal Analysis 1 st mode on quadrupole girder (transversal flexion) at 45 Hz! (design value 40 Hz) 207 206 205 307 306 204 305 203 304 202 303 201 302 301 406 4061 407 405 404 507 403 506 101 505 402 504 401 503 502 1 501 2 nd mode on quadrupole girder (vertical flexion) at 56 Hz 207 206 205 204 306 307 203 202 302 303 304 305 201 301 406 4061407 405 404 101 507 506 505 401 402 403 504 503 1 502 501 208 223 224 221 222 220 320 321 323 324 218 219 322 217 318 319 123 121 215 216 317 214 316 524 315 522 523 521 314 18 520 213 419 420 422 423 424 421 212 418 209 210 211 417 313 518 519 312 416 310 311 415 308 309 414 516 109 413 15 412 514 513 409 410 411 512 408 511 510 8 509 508 208 209 309 414 413 412 308 411 513 514 109 410 512 511 409 510 408 509 8 508 415 416 15 516 517 215 216 217 213 214 212 313 314 315 316 210 211 317 312 115 117 310 311 417 517 224 222 223 220 221 218 219 324 319 320 321 322 323 318 123 121 419 420 421 422 423 424 418 523 524 522 18 520 521 519 518 24

Typical noise spectrum BPM + Beam: 0 to 500 Hz Girder 47 Hz 50 Hz 47 Hz 50 Hz Noise < 2 microns Noise < 2 microns 25

Insertion devices commissioning HU640 10 m 2x HU80 2x U20 2x HU256 26

HU80-TEMPO Commissioning: Feed-Forward Forward Correction Test Horizontal BPM Data Minimal Gap (15.5 mm) Helical Mode (Phase = 20 mm) Vertical BPM Data 27

Multibunch Instabilities Mixture of resistive-wall (RW) and ion induced instabilities in both vertical & horizontal planes. No instability observed in the longitudinal plane. Instability threshold [ma] 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Signature of ions 3/4 filling 2/4 filling uniform filling Simulation 0 0,00 0,10 0,20 0,30 0,40 Instability threshold [ma] 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 ions + RW 20 3/4 filling 10 ions uniform filling 0 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Vertical normalised chromaticity Horizontal normalised chromaticity - Behaviour of ion-induced instability depends much on the beam filling pattern. - Vertical threshold at low chromaticity in rather good agreement with prediction. - Horizontal threshold much lower than expected.(90 ma) - Single bunch current thresholds seem to be a factor 2 smaller than simulation 28

Dedicated superconducting RF cavities 0.1 phase stability 6 % RF acceptance No RF trip 1 st cryomodule will enable alone operation up to 300 ma. A 2 nd cryomodule is being built by ACCEL for operation at 500 ma (early 2008) 29

Storage Ring RF plant 4 x 190 kw power amplifiers Full Cost (with PS and WG distribution) Booster : 200 k for 40 kw => 5 / W Stor. Ring : 3 M for 750 kw => 4 / W Modularity = You just pay for the Watts you actually need 190 kw @ 352 MHz Gain = 52 db Overall Efficiency (PS,..) ~50% No RF trip even if transistor fails 30

Storage Ring Vacuum system Vacuum system for one typical cell Together with the Straight Section chambers, ~200 m of NEG coated Al chamber (56% of the ring) SOLEIL = first SR Machine with extensive use of NEG coated AL vessels 31

Vacuum Conditioning is well progressing 1,E-08 Non NEG coated stainless steel vacuum vessels 1,E-09 Pav / I (mbar/ma) 1,E-10 NEG coated vacuum vessels y = 2E-10x -0,602 y = 4E-10x -0,6021 Dec. 06 shutdown Crotch change at dipole 1 Beam lifetime : 10 h @ 100 ma 1,E-11 0,10 1,00 10,00 100,00 Integrated Beam Dose (A.h) 32

Beam time by the end of 2006 Maximum current: 300 ma in 312/416 buckets Total beam integrated dose: 75 A.h 5% 11% Failures: water, PS, Beam time 84% Start-up, injection, tests, July / December 2006: 1400 hours 33

Time structure mode 20 ma in 1 bunch 80 ma in 8 bunches 148ns between 2 successive bunches 34

TANGO control system SOLEIL first facility using TANGO at full scale Collaboration ESRF/ELETTRA/SOLEIL/ALBA Easy and efficient tools to control any equipment Control of all equipments from the control room, data archiving Supervision done using GlobalSCREEN applications All hardware installed (Crate with CPCI and boards, PLC s..) Machine commissioning: Matlab applications (Matlab Middle Layer Toolkit, Accelerator Toolbox,...) 35

Beamline commissioning TEMPO 09/20/06 ~ 8 mm ODE 10/13/06 ~ 80 mm DIFFABS 09/13/06 SAMBA 12/13/06 DESIRS 12/14/06 36

Schedule for the first beamlines in 2007 DESIRS CRISTAL SAMBA TEMPO ODE AILES installation SWING commissioning expert users CASSIOPEE regular users PROXIMA1 installation commissioning expert users regular users DIFFABS SMIS 1/04/07 1/07/07 1/10/07 1/04/07 1/07/07 1/10/07 37

Planned Operation in 2007 8 runs of 3 or 4 weeks 3264 h for beamlines + 1584 h for the machine. janv 2007 févr 2007 mars 2007 avr 2007 mai 2007 juin 2007 juil 2007 août 2007 sept 2007 oct 2007 nov 2007 déc 2007 janv 2008 lun 01... jeu 01 l l l jeu 01... dim 01... mar 01 l l l ven 01 l l l dim 01 mmm mer 01... sam 01 mmm lun 01... jeu 01 l l l sam 01 l l l mar 01... mar 02... ven 02 l l l ven 02 mmm lun 02... mer 02 l l l sam 02 l l l lun 02 mmm jeu 02... dim 02 mmm mar 02... ven 02 l l l dim 02 l l l mer 02... mer 03... sam 03 l l l sam 03 mmm mar 03... jeu 03 l l l dim 03 mmm mar 03 l l l ven 03... lun 03 mmm mer 03... sam 03 l l l lun 03 l l l jeu 03... jeu 04... dim 04 mmm dim 04 mmm mer 04... ven 04 l l l lun 04 mmm mer 04 l l l sam 04... mar 04 l l l jeu 04... dim 04 l l l mar 04 mmm ven 04... ven 05... lun 05 mmm lun 05 mmm jeu 05... sam 05 l l l mar 05 l l l jeu 05 l l l dim 05... mer 05 l l l ven 05... lun 05 l l l mer 05 l l l sam 05... sam 06... mar 06 mmm mar 06 l l l ven 06... dim 06 l l l mer 06 l l l ven 06 l l l lun 06... jeu 06 l l l sam 06... mar 06 mmm jeu 06 l l l dim 06... dim 07... mer 07 l l l mer 07 l l l sam 07... lun 07 mmm jeu 07 l l l sam 07 l l l mar 07... ven 07 l l l dim 07... mer 07 l l l ven 07 l l l lun 07... lun 08... jeu 08 l l l jeu 08 l l l dim 08... mar 08 mmm ven 08 l l l dim 08 mmm mer 08... sam 08 l l l lun 08... jeu 08 l l l sam 08 l l l mar 08... mar 09... ven 09 l l l ven 09 l l l lun 09... mer 09 l l l sam 09 l l l lun 09 mmm jeu 09... dim 09 l l l mar 09... ven 09 l l l dim 09 l l l mer 09... mer 10... sam 10 l l l sam 10 l l l mar 10... jeu 10 l l l dim 10 mmm mar 10 l l l ven 10... lun 10 l l l mer 10... sam 10 l l l lun 10 l l l jeu 10... jeu 11... dim 11 l l l dim 11 mmm mer 11... ven 11 l l l lun 11 mmm mer 11 l l l sam 11... mar 11 mmm jeu 11... dim 11 l l l mar 11 mmm ven 11... ven 12... lun 12 mmm lun 12 mmm jeu 12... sam 12 l l l mar 12 l l l jeu 12 l l l dim 12... mer 12 l l l ven 12 mmm lun 12... mer 12 l l l sam 12... sam 13... mar 13 mmm mar 13 l l l ven 13... dim 13 l l l mer 13 l l l ven 13 l l l lun 13... jeu 13 l l l sam 13 mmm mar 13... jeu 13 l l l dim 13... dim 14... mer 14... mer 14 l l l sam 14... lun 14... jeu 14 l l l sam 14 l l l mar 14... ven 14 l l l dim 14 mmm mer 14... ven 14 l l l lun 14... lun 15... jeu 15... jeu 15 l l l dim 15... mar 15... ven 15 l l l dim 15 mmm mer 15... sam 15 l l l lun 15 mmm jeu 15... sam 15 l l l mar 15... mar 16... ven 16... ven 16 l l l lun 16... mer 16... sam 16 l l l lun 16 mmm jeu 16... dim 16 l l l mar 16 l l l ven 16... dim 16 l l l mer 16... mer 17... sam 17... sam 17 l l l mar 17... jeu 17... dim 17 l l l mar 17 l l l ven 17... lun 17 l l l mer 17 l l l sam 17... lun 17 l l l jeu 17... jeu 18... dim 18... dim 18 mmm mer 18... ven 18... lun 18... mer 18 l l l sam 18... mar 18 mmm jeu 18 l l l dim 18... mar 18... ven 18... ven 19 mmm lun 19... lun 19 mmm jeu 19... sam 19... mar 19... jeu 19 l l l dim 19... mer 19 l l l ven 19 l l l lun 19... mer 19... sam 19... sam 20 mmm mar 20... mar 20 mmm ven 20 mmm dim 20... mer 20... ven 20 l l l lun 20... jeu 20 l l l sam 20 l l l mar 20... jeu 20... dim 20... dim 21 mmm mer 21... mer 21 l l l sam 21 mmm lun 21... jeu 21... sam 21... mar 21... ven 21 l l l dim 21 l l l mer 21... ven 21... lun 21... lun 22 mmm jeu 22... jeu 22 l l l dim 22 mmm mar 22... ven 22... dim 22... mer 22... sam 22 l l l lun 22 l l l jeu 22... sam 22... mar 22... mar 23 mmm ven 23... ven 23 l l l lun 23 mmm mer 23... sam 23... lun 23... jeu 23... dim 23 l l l mar 23 mmm ven 23 mmm dim 23... mer 23... mer 24 l l l sam 24... sam 24 l l l mar 24 l l l jeu 24... dim 24... mar 24... ven 24... lun 24... mer 24 l l l sam 24 mmm lun 24... jeu 24... jeu 25 l l l dim 25... dim 25 l l l mer 25 l l l ven 25 mmm lun 25... mer 25... sam 25... mar 25... jeu 25 l l l dim 25 mmm mar 25... ven 25... ven 26 l l l lun 26... lun 26 mmm jeu 26 l l l sam 26 mmm mar 26... jeu 26... dim 26... mer 26... ven 26 l l l lun 26 mmm mer 26... sam 26... sam 27 l l l mar 27... mar 27 mmm ven 27 l l l dim 27 mmm mer 27... ven 27... lun 27... jeu 27... sam 27 l l l mar 27 l l l jeu 27... dim 27... dim 28 mmm mer 28... mer 28... sam 28 l l l lun 28 mmm jeu 28... sam 28... mar 28... ven 28... dim 28 l l l mer 28 l l l ven 28... lun 28... lun 29 mmm jeu 29... dim 29 mmm mar 29 l l l ven 29 mmm dim 29... mer 29... sam 29... lun 29 l l l jeu 29 l l l sam 29... mar 29... mar 30 l l l ven 30... lun 30 mmm mer 30 l l l sam 30 mmm lun 30... jeu 30... dim 30... mar 30 mmm ven 30 l l l dim 30... mer 30... mer 31 l l l sam 31... jeu 31 l l l mar 31... ven 31 mmm mer 31 l l l lun 31... jeu 31... 38

Milestones in 2007 Beam stability SOFB/ FOFB/ multibunch transverse feedbacks Feedforward for IDs XBPM commissioning IDs Construction of 7 IDs (and installation & commissioning) Preparation for top-up operation Single bunch and 8 bunches operation Beam instabilities and high current operation Instabilities threshold Transverse feedback Nonlinear dynamics characterization Delivery of 2nd cryomodule for 500mA operation 39

The first phase of the Machine commissioning has enabled to demonstrate that the expected high performances are or will be met. Acknowledgements Operator team Magnetism and insertion group RF, Linac, Diagnostics groups Vacuum group Alignment group Mechanical and Engineering group Electronics and Computer groups Infrastructure group Safety group Beam Lines 40