BLACK START & SYSTEM RESTORATION Generator Operator Training Seminar
WORST CASE SCENARIO ALL OF NEW YORK IS BLACKED-OUT ALL INTERCONNECTED TIES ARE SEVERED
System Restoration The 345Kv & 230Kv "back-bone" system will be restored using Emergency Operations Man Transmission Owners restore generation islands in parallel with restoring the "backbone Synchronize islands to the "back-bone".
ISO Responsibilities Direct restoration of the Bulk Power System Coordinate closing of inter-company and intercontrol area ties Monitor and direct power flow, frequency, and voltage control Coordinate the synchronization of BPS and tie lines Communicate with external control areas and TO s to update system status
ransmission Owner Responsibilities Follow internal restoration procedures to restart generation and restore TO system. Supply critical load and make intercompany ties ready available for service Execute NYISO SS requests Keep NYISO SS informed of system status Coordinate with NYISO SS restoration actions which impact other systems
Restoration Considerations Sectionalization Balancing of Loads Control of Frequency Control of Voltages
Sectionalization Prevents Backfeeding Ensures overcurrent protection will not trip during the cold load pickup Matches load changes to generation capabilities for each section
Cold Load Pickup 8 to 10 times normal running current Incandescent lamps Motor starting current Thermostatically controlled loads 1 sec 2-3 sec 30-40 minutes
Cold Load Pickup Problems High load current may trip feeder breakers Local generators must supply this load during restoration Not Again!
Generation Limitations Load Pickup Rate Limits
Synchronization Necessary Equipment
Frequency Control Equipment concerns Automatic Load-Shedding Relays Operate at a slightly higher frequency
Voltage Control Maintain voltage within 10% of nominal Ferranti Effect Ramp Rates
Ferranti Effect
Ferranti Effect
Ramp Rate Adding load too quickly can result in low voltage conditions
Voltage Control During Restoration Shunt Reactors Transformer Taps Shunt Capacitors Line/Load Sequencing Generator AVR
NYPA RESTORATION 1. INTERNAL BLACK-START PROCEDURES ARE MPLEMENTED FOR NIAGARA, ST. LAWRENCE and GILBOA 2. UNITS AT NIAGARA, ST. LAWRENCE AND GILBOA PROVIDE ENERGIZATION POWER TO THE BULK POWER SYSTEM "BACK-BONE". BONE". FOLLOW EMERGENCY OPERATIONS MANUAL. 3. ST. LAWRENCE TO ENERGIZE ALCOA, REYNOLDS AND GM DUE TO ALUMINUM POT LINES, THEN PROCEED TO EMERGENCY OPERATIONS MANUAL.
Transmission System Saunders Chateauguay Moses- St. Lawrence Massena Plattsburgh Adirondack Somerset Beck Niagara Sta.80 Pannell Packard Robinson Rd. Huntley Stolle Rd. Gardenville Meyer Dunkirk Watercure Oswego Complex Clay Lafayette S Oakdale Marcy Edic S Porter Fraser Coopers Corners Gilboa New Scotland Alps Leeds Pleasant Valley BULK POWER RESTORATION PLAN Rock Tavern Roseton Buchanan Ramapo W49St/Rainey Farragut Goethals Millwood Sprainbrook Dunwoodie Shore Rd. E.Garden City
NMPC RESTORATION WEST: Energize from Niagara to Packard - Huntley then Gardenville. Energize from Gardenville to Dunkirk and then western loop. Tie to Warren & Erie. (?) CENTRAL: Energize from Clay to Nine Mile I, Nine Mile II, Fitzpatrick, Oswego Steam & hydros. Energize 345 loop & 115Kv to Syracuse network. NORTH: Restore power to Colton Hydro., energize to Raquett and Browns Falls hydro. Energize 115Kv north. EAST: Restore power to Albany Steam. Energize 115Kv to Ne Scotland, Rotterdam and Spier Falls. Energize to Steward & West. Energize East & North. Pick up Albany, Schenectady, Troy, Glens Falls, etc.
MPC WEST
PC CENTRAL 1 NEXT SLIDE
NMPC CENTRAL 2 SYNC
NMPC NORTH SYNC
MPC EAST
RG&E RESTORATION 1. BLACK START HYDRO UNITS AND GTs. 2. ENERGIZE 115KV & 345KV TO STATION 80 AND PANNEL RD. 3. SYNCHRONIZE TO THE 345KV BACKBONE SYSTEM AT PANNEL RD. OR STATION 80.
RG&E SYNC SYNC
NYSEG RESTORATION 1. ENERGIZE 115Kv FROM NMPC ELBRIDGE TO MILLIKEN. 2. ENERGIZE 115Kv FROM ELBRIDGE TO BORDER CITY TO GREENIDGE. OR MONTOUR FALLS 115KV. 3. ENERGIZE 115Kv FROM OAKDALE TO GOUDEY. OR SO. OWEGO TO GOUDEY. OR 952 FROM LENOX. 4. ENERGIZE 345Kv FROM KINTIGH SWITCHYARD INTO SOMERSET STATION. 5. ENERGIZE WATERCURE TO HILLSIDE THEN CATON AVE TO HICKLING. 6. ENERGIZE 115Kv INTO KATTELVILLE OR EAST NORWICH TO JENNISON.
YSEG WEST NEXT SLIDE SYNC
YSEG EAST
O&R RESTORATION 1. BLACK START: HILLBURN GT, SHOEMAKER GT, LEDERLE COGEN, MONGAUP HYDRO. 2. RESET UNDERFREQUENCY RELAYS 3. ENERGIZE INTO LOVETT: FROM West Haverstraw, Ramapo, So. Mahwah/Hillburn GT, and Lederle CoGen. 4. START UP WESTERN DIVISION ISLAND FROM MONGAUP HYDRO AND SHOEMAKER GT. 5. ENERGIZE TO BOWLINE AND RESTORE 345Kv & 500Kv SYSTEM. 6. ENERGIZE 138Kv AND ISLANDED SYSTEMS. SYNCHRONIZE AT RAMAPO
ORANGE & ROCKLAND SYNC HILBURN GTs
CHG&E RESTORATION. Begin energization from 345KV at Rock Tavern, Hurley Ave., Pleasant Valley or East Fishkill.. Black start both diesels at Danskammer and start up Units #1 & #2, then #3 & #4 when available.. Station Service For Leeds Substation is supplied from the 1074 circuit at Coxsackie Substation. Black start the gas turbine to serve local Coxsackie load and the Leeds station service.. Energize Danskammer to Rock Tavern & Sugarloaf; Reynolds Hill to PV; Danskammer to East Fishkill; Reynolds Hill to Hurley Ave. via Highland & Ohioville; Dashville & Sturgeon Pool via Ohioville; PV to N. Catskill; Coxsackie and S. Cairo GTs; Neversink, Gramsville and W. Delaware to NYSEG W.W.
CENTRAL HUDSON
CON ED RESTORATION - BACKGROUND * IMPLEMENT "7" INDEPENDENT PLANS. SIMUL- TANEOUSLY ENERGIZE FROM THE NORTHERN OVER- HEAD SYSTEM, FROM LIPA AND PSE&G. OR PLAN 8 BLACK START THE IN-CITY ISLAND. * OPEN ALL STATION CAPACITOR BANKS. * ANTICIPATED SYSTEM LOAD - 80% OF PEAK -OR- 20% LESS THAN ACTUAL SYSTEM LOAD PRIOR TO SHUTDOWN. * NYISO TO COORDINATE VOLTAGES AT POINTS OF INTERCONNECTION. * NOTIFY NYISO OF REQUIREMENT FOR CAPACITY FOR RE-ENERGIZING ENERGIZING THE CON EDISON SYSTEM.
CON ED OVERHEAD RESTORATION PROCEDURE 1. BLACK START GTs.. RESTORE BUSES AT ASTORIA, RAINEY, VERNON, GOETHALS, FRESH KILLS, EAST RIVER, EAST 13TH ST, AND BUCHANAN. 2. START UP GENERATORS AT ASTORIA, POLETTI, RAVENSWOOD, ARTHUR KILL, LINDEN COGEN, EAST RIVE WATERSIDE AND IP 2 & 3. 3. RESTORE SENSITIVE NETWORK AREAS. 4. TIE THE SYSTEM TOGETHER. 5. PHASE ANGLE REGULATORS MUST BE ON NEUTRAL TAP PRIOR TO ENERGIZATION.
CON EDISON IN-CITY (SOUTH) SYNC
CON EDISON NORTH SYNC SPRAIN BROOK
LIPA / KEYSPAN RESTORATION 1.. ISOLATE THE LONG ISLAND SYSTEM: OPEN AT VALLEY STREAM, LAKE SUCCESS, SHORE RD., NORTHPORT & EAS GARDEN CITY. 2. BLACK START BARRETT, GLENWOOD & HOLTSVILLE GTs 3. ENERGIZE TO VALLEY STREAM, FAR ROCKAWAY, LAKE SUCCESS, EAST GARDEN CITY, NEWBRIDGE & BELLMORE 4. ENERGIZE TO SHORE RD., AND ALL GLENWOOD BUSES. 5. SYNCHRONIZE NASSAU & SUFFOLK AT RULAND ROAD ACROSS OCB 1410.
SYNC LONG ISLAND
LONG ISLAND NORWALK HARBOR SPRIAN BROOK DUNWOODIE Y 49 NORTHPORT NORTHPORT 1385 PAR PORT JEFFERSON PORT JEFF SHOREHAM RIVERHEAD WADING RIVER Y 50 BROOKHAVEN HOLTSVILLE PILGRAM HOLBROOK SHORE RD GLENWOOD LAKE SUCCESS PAR 903 PAR JAMAICA 901 VALLEY STREAM PAR EAST GARDEN CITY BARRETT BARRETT SYNC NEWBRIDGE RD RULAND RD PHASE SHIFTER ON THE FOLLOWING LINE 901 LAKE SUCCESS - JAMAICA 903 VALLEY STREAM - JAMAICA Y49 EAST GARDEN CITY - SPRAIN BROO 1385 NORTHPORT - NORWALK HARBOR 461 E.F. BARRETT - NEWBRIDGE RD 871 PILGRAM - HOLBROOK BLACK START UNITS: EF Barrett, Glenwood, Northport, Port Jeff, Holtsville, Wading River. DEADLINE START UNITS: Southold, East Hampton, Southampton,
Transmission System Saunders Chateauguay LOAD 90 MW RGIZE 345/115 BANKS Somerset Beck Niagara Sta.80 Pannell Packard Robinson Rd. Huntley Stolle Rd. Gardenville Meyer Dunkirk 333kV OR LESS ENERGIZE 345/115 BANKS ENERGIZE 345/115 BANKS PARALLEL WEST SYSTEMS AT GARDENVILLE LOAD 100 MW Watercure Oswego Complex LOAD 50 MW S Clay Lafayette Oakdale Moses- St. Lawrence Adirondack BULK POWER RESTORATION PLAN 334kV OR LESS Legend: 765 kv 500 kv 345 kv Marcy Edic ENERGIZE SVC REF VOLTAGE AT 335kV Porter Massena S Fraser Coopers Corners Rock Tavern Gilboa Plattsburgh ENERGIZE BANKS #2 & #4 Roseton Buchanan Ramapo W49St/Rainey PARALLEL GILBOA NEW SCOTTLAND New Scotland Farragut Goethals Alps Leeds Pleasant Valley E. Fishkill Wood St. Pleasantville Millwood Sprainbrook Dunwoodie Shore Rd. E.Garden City NEW SCOTTLAND ENERGIZE BANK #1 ENERGIZE NEW SCOTTLAND #99 BUS ENERGIZE #99 BUS AND SVC REF VOLTAGE AT 340kV RESTORE 50MW & SVC VOLTAGE 352kV 25MW LOAD VOLTAGE 356kV LINE REACTOR CHECK: IF EITHER 150MVAR REACTOR IS UNAVAIL. DO NOT PROCEED!
SYNCHRONIZING NY SATELLITE CONTROL AREAS * Insure that each island is stable; maintaining 60Hz frequency by manual (close hand) control. * Establish which is the larger island and where synchronizing will take place. * Maintain constant frequency with the larger island and have the smaller island adjust speed and voltage to match the larger island. * Identify which units will regulate the combined island when the satellite control areas are synchronized together.
DETAILS TO REMEMBER * Generators on hand-control vs. SCADA: the "TO" will decide how best to interconnect islands within the Satellite Control Area. * Individual generators will need to be on handcontrol until enough units are synched together to allow the "TOs" SCADA to perform AGC. * NYISO will determine which control areas perform flat frequency control and when to perform tie-line bias control after being connected to the "back-bone" system.