CLEANTECH AGDER 24 September 2015 THE POTENTIAL FOR SOLAR PV HARALD N. RØSTVIK. ARCHITECT MNAL. PROFESSOR OF ARCHITECTURE, SPEC SUSTAINABILITY.
OVERVIEW HISTORIC COMMENTS CURRENT EXAMPLES THE FUTURE Professor Harald N. Røstvik 2
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1979 36 years ago. Rogalands avis 27.1.1979. Stavanger should position itself as Norway s energy capital not only oil capital. Think long-term - the sun is here to shine for another 5 billion years, Without it the outdoor temperature would have been minus 273 C. Professor Harald N. Røstvik 4
1979 36 years ago. 1878, 1872 and 1960 Approx 140 /55 years ago. Rogalands avis 27.1.1979. Stavanger should position itself as Norway s energy capital not only oil capital. Think long-term - the sun is here to shine for another 5 billion years, Without it the outdoor temperature would have been minus 273 C. Professor Harald N. Røstvik 5
1979 36 years ago. 1878, 1872 and 1960 Approx 140 /55 years ago. 2006 9 years ago. Rogalands avis 27.1.1979. Stavanger should position itself as Norway s energy capital not only oil capital. Think long-term - the sun is here to shine for another 5 billion years, Without it the outdoor temperature would have been minus 273 C. Morgenbladet 12.1.2006 Solar energy is the world s fastest growing industry. Norway s biggest stock exchange registration since Statoil is a solar company (REC). Professor Harald N. Røstvik 6
In 1981 a solar plane flew Paris to London. In 2015 round the world. EARLY RISERS 1988 Building of the Future Exhibition Stavanger. Chanelle Europe s first modern solar energy autonomous house. 1995 First European solar Boat Championship in La Rochelle. Since then solar ferries in regular traffic connecting La Rochelle harbour. 1992. Norway s largest solar heated sports building. Stavanger Squash Center. Professor Harald N. Røstvik 7
THE FORCES BEHIND Bill Brandt photo of Halifax 1937 Lowry painting Professor Harald N. Røstvik 8
THE FORCES BEHIND Røstvik: The Sunshine Revolution 1992 Professor Harald N. Røstvik 9
THE FORCES BEHIND Professor Harald N. Røstvik 10
THE FORCES BEHIND Growing unemployment in oiled counties. Professor Harald N. Røstvik 11
BRUNDTLAND COMMISSION Professor Harald N. Røstvik 12
SHELL FORECAST 1996 Professor Harald N. Røstvik 13
PERSISTENCE PAYS OFF Professor Harald N. Røstvik 14
PERSISTENCE PAYS OFF Solar PV prices fell to 1/100th in 33 years. Now possibly halving prices every five years. 1977 2010; 70USD/Wp 0,7. Professor Harald N. Røstvik 15
PERSISTENCE PAYS OFF 1951 2012 2015 In 65 years solar PV efficiencies quadrupled (4,5% to 20%). Area need per Watt delivered was reduced to 1/50th. The last three years (2012 to 2015) the reduction was to 1/4th. Professor Harald N. Røstvik 16
IEA: SOLAR, COAL, GAS IEA: Wind and solar beat coal and gas as power source. Five years ago solar PV was 8 times more expensive than gas for power production. While coal and gas prices for power production rise, solar prices keep falling. Below the table for power production in 2020 Typical view from a landing plane in Bavaria. Professor Harald N. Røstvik 17
GLOBAL SOLAR POTENTIAL A GAME CHANGER Sanyo s Genesis Global Energy Network Equippped with Solar cells and International Superconductor Grids Annula irradiation versus energy reserved and global energy consumption. Professor Harald N. Røstvik 18
SOLAR IN NORWAY Huge investment funds like Skagen have for decades talked down the solar potential (Fadnes). Now (2015) the same funds are talkin up solar (Søeberg): 10% of Rogaland county s land area say Jæren would be enough to harvest enough solar PV (electricity) annually to cover 10% of the world s need for electricity. Global horizontal solar radiation (kwh/m 2 ). Kristiansand is similar to North Germany. Professor Harald N. Røstvik 19
OVERVIEW HISTORIC COMMENTS CURRENT EXAMPLES THE FUTURE Professor Harald N. Røstvik 20
BJØRVIKA, OSLO Europe s most energy efficient Building. Competition 2005. Net annual Energy need : 36 kwh/m2/year Minus Solar PV (7) and Solar Thermal (8) = Energy need 21 kwh/m2/year Architects Røstvik AS + Alexandros Tombazis, Meletitiki Professor Harald N. Røstvik 21
HOL CHURCH 2007 Listed buildings and solar thermal Professor Harald N. Røstvik 22
THE BUTTERFLY The Solar Butterfly with Peter Opsvik Professor Harald N. Røstvik 23
THE FRIENDLY WALL South coast and East coast of Norway as well as Provence. Sculptural vertikal solar collectors. Professor Harald N. Røstvik 24
SOLAR TRANSPORT HUBS Deutsche Bahn study of solar railway stations Blackfriars Station solar bridge, London Professor Harald N. Røstvik 25
FLOATING SOLAR CITIES An energy autonomous seastead by Scheare, White and Crowley Professor Harald N. Røstvik 26
ENERGY AUTONOMOUS ISLAND Maldives 1989 The Swim or Sink project 1989 Professor Harald N. Røstvik 27
CLARKE CYBER CITY Colombo Sri Lanka 1997. Collaboration to develop a Future city with scientist & writer Arthur C. Clarke Professor Harald N. Røstvik 28
WGM MEDIA CENTRE Colombo, Sri Lanka. 2001 Sri Lanka s first ever grid connected solar PV building. Professor Harald N. Røstvik 29
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FROGNER PARK A-HA A forest of solar PV trees to power lights in Frognerparken. Positioned at a corner of the park it was also intended to power the free a-ha concert there, a gift to the people from Hydro during their 100 year jubilee in 2005. Professor Harald N. Røstvik 31
CONSERT HALL STAVANGER 2003 Stardust by Tombazis and Røstvik Professor Harald N. Røstvik 32
PERFORMING ARTS CENTER KRISTIANSAND 2004 Watermusic by Tombazis and Røstvik Professor Harald N. Røstvik 33
CYPRUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Energy autonomous university. The last building to be run by solar is energy efficient using earth ducts to cool ventilation air. Natural ventilation based. In this way the energy need is lowered and the solar PV facades have a hig impact as energy supplier. Now on site being built (2015). Professor Harald N. Røstvik 34
Oppgaveprogram Områdeplan 2424 Madla-Revheim MADLA-REVHEIM STAVANGER 2015 The largest remaining buildable area in Stavanger. 2015-2025, a new blue-green village for 10.000 people. The 10-minutes village : all services within reach. A forward looking energy strategy STAVANGER KOMMUNE KULTUR OG BYUTVIKLING 1 Professor Harald N. Røstvik 35
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OVERVIEW HISTORIC COMMENTS CURRENT EXAMPLES THE FUTURE Professor Harald N. Røstvik 39
A VISION Der Spiegel 23/2000 Professor Harald N. Røstvik 40
INCREASED EFFICIENCY Solar PV cell efficiency increase for different technologies from 1975 to 2015 Professor Harald N. Røstvik 41
SOLAR & TRANSPORT Hestestallkarren, Copenhagen, Peter Holst Arkitekter MAA. Teslas Powerwall storing 10 kwh solarpv. Professor Harald N. Røstvik 42
SOLAR IN LANDCAPE Professor Harald N. Røstvik 43
AS TIME GOES BY The technological development accelerates. Do you recall the word slide-rule? 2010 This is the one my father used and taught me to use. Which tools our children will use when they get to our age, we do not yet know, because they are not yet invented. The same speed of development will be seen in the sector of energy. 1960 Professor Harald N. Røstvik 44
STATOIL New Statoil Headquarters, Stavanger-region. All the big players tried to get involved finally five were picked including Foster + partners and Snøhetta. Gerth Wingårdh won. Professor Harald N. Røstvik 45
1991 2015 From 1991 and my first book to my latest in 2015 is a time span of almost 25. A solar revolution has taken place with solar prices now almost 1/100 of 1991. In many ways the future is bright full of hope and sunny. Professor Harald N. Røstvik 46 hnr@telnett.no