Smart Cities in the European context City Hall of Copenhagen, 29 November 2011 Reinhard Schütz Energy Department, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT)
Drivers and challenges Climate change CO 2 Reductions Increasing energy demand Industrialisation (China, India, etc.) Increased wealth + living standards Globalisation Dependency on fossil energy sources Strong coupling of CO 2 emissions to GDP Increase in population Worldwide urbanisation Significant impact on urban environment
What is the SET Plan? Strategic Energy Technology Plan Key instrument of EU for tackling climate change Make low-carbon technologies affordable and competitive Large scale programs (Industrial Initiatives) Technology roadmaps for research and implementation Systemic approaches, organisational innovation, sustainable financial schemes, energy policy framework EERA (European Energy Research Alliance) 3
The European Industrial Initiatives A Roadmap towards 2020 Industrial-Initiative - Investment Targets Quantification R&D, demonstration, early market penetration Wind 6 Bln. Solar (PV/CSP) 16 Bln. Electricity Grid 2 Bln. Bioenergy 9 Bln. CO 2 Capture 13 Bln. Kosten,, Offshore, Netzintegration; 5-10 Prüfanlagen, 10 Demoprojekte, 5 Prototypen offshore Fundamente PV: 5 Pilotanlagen f. automatisierte Massenfertigung, Demo zentral und dezentral; CSP: 10 Prototyp- Kraftwerke Echter Binnenmarkt, Integration volatiler Erzeugung, Management der Wechselbeziehung zw. Lieferanten. und Kunden; 20 Demoprojekte Fortgeschrittene Biokraftstoffe, Biomasse KWK; 30 Demoanlagen Demonstration der vollständigen CCS-Kette in industriellem Maßstab 20% of EU electricity consumption 15% of EU electricity consumption 50% of networks Smart 14% of EU energy mix Costs 30-50 EUR/TCO2 Nuclear 7 Bln. Smart Cities Initiative 11 Bln. Generation IV Reaktoren, erste KWK-Reaktoren Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources in urban environment, need for smart energy management First prototypes 25-30 demo-cities
Europe 2020 Strategy and 2050 Roadmap Climate change and energy the 20-20-20 targets Reduce GHG-emissions by 20% Increase share of renewables in EU energy consumption to 20% Achieve an energy-efficiency target of 20% Roadmap 2050-80% GHG reduction 01.12.2011 5
Radical Innovation for Urban Energy Supply Smart Cities require new approaches Fully integrated designed and intelligently managed energy systems From single technology solutions to multi technology perspective Multi-layer infrastructure framework Interdisciplinary system approach Broad stakeholder engagement 6
Stakeholders Mayors, politicians (3 year horizon) City administration Utilities, energy service companies, grid operators (electric, thermal) Developers, architects, planners Construction companies (20 year horizon) Component manufacturers (windows, facades, HVAC components, ) Renewable energy industry (PV, solar thermal, heat pumps, ) ICT companies (6 month horizon) Financial Institutions (3 month horizon) R&D institutes and universities Inhabitants (life-long horizon)
Smart Cities Areas of research ICT & Energy Technologies are merging Intelligent energy management on regional & city level Integrated Urban Energy Planning Smart Energy Networks Interactive Buildings Urban Supply Technologies (RES) Mobility New Business Models + financial schemes 01.12.2011 8
Energy in city areas Understand energy characteristics of cities Urban Morphology (density, topography, height, ) Spatial planning in the context of energy End-use mixes (industry, households, commerce, ) Decision support tools for urban energy masterplanning and city roadmaps Dynamical simulation tools for the design and management of city-wide integrated energy systems Living-lab concepts KPIs and monitoring systems Extension to socio-economic aspects
Smart energy networks Smart electric grids (including optimised load management) Intelligent thermal grids (including low temperature heating) Sensor networks and urban integration (ICT) Use of potential for shift between thermal and electric load Planning and operation Demand-side management Integration of decentralised RES Thermal + electrical storage 10
Interactive buildings Low energy building with on-site energy generation Active demand side note in network-management ( building to grid ) Building automation and energy management Innovative building design concepts (architecture, shape, envelope, ) Retrofitting of existing buildings Building as energy storage
Supply technologies On-site renewables Large-scale integration into urban infrastructure Polygeneration and use of waste heat Optimised HVAC systems Cascade use of resources Energy storage Tools for the integration of supply systems (modelling, simulation, design) Large-scale testing/monitoring and standards/codes 12
Further important smart cities topics Transport / Mobility Improve public transport system in cities Modal split Include non-motorised transport (walking, cycling) Passenger and freight logistics Share of alternative fuel vehicles Traffic concepts related to urban energy planning Socio-economic aspects New business models and financial schemes New regulations and legal frameworks Aiming for increase in quality of life user engagement Technology acceptance by user Organisational innovation (stakeholders, companies, institutions,..)
Measures towards a Smart City 14
Current Smart Cities activities SET-Plan: Establishment of Smart Cities Stakeholder Platform (start autumn 2011) 21 June: Official launch of Smart Cities and Communities Initiative (Brussels) July 2011: First call for Smart City proposals (open till December 2011) SET-Plan Conference Warsaw (28-29 November 2011) Launch of EERA JP Smart Cities (November 2011) Member States Initiative Smart Cities (December) Austria: Klimafonds Call Fit4Set Prepare Austrian cities for SET Plan targets 1 st Call: Longterm vision and roadmap development (2 Mio ) 2 nd Call for demonstration projects (autumn 2011, 13 Mio ) Launch of Austrian Smart Cities Technology Platform 15
What is EERA? European Energy Research Alliance Key instrument of the SET Plan for energy research Development of next generations of low-carbon energy technologies Strengthen, expand and optimise EU research capacities Joint Programming (JP) Sharing of research facilities/capacities based on own funding/resources Maximising complementarities and synergies Avoid duplication, overcoming fragmentation Strong link to other EU platforms, bodies and initiatives Proactively engage with industry 16
JP Smart Cities aims and objectives Set up long-term research program in the context of smart cities Support European cities in their transformation towards smart cities Enable significant increase in energy efficiency in cities Support massive RES integration in urban areas Understand complexity of energy systems in cities New scientific methods/tools for city wide energy planning and management Apply interdisciplinary approaches to solve arising research questions 60 research institutions from 14 European countries, 193 py/y committed human resources 17
Member States Initiative Smart Cities Aims and objectives Establish clear position/role of MS within SET Plan Smart Cities and Communities Initiative Facilitate knowledge-exchange at MS level regarding programmes, projects, etc Elaborate recommendations for development of more efficient and coherent funding activities on MS level for Smart Cities projects Create incentives for transnational smart cities projects Identify technological and economical barriers in MS European process initiated by AIT + BMVIT Kick-off workshop 2 December 2011, Brussels 18
General overview about ongoing smart cities activities Initiate first joint implementation Process design on a meta-level Dec 2011 Dec 2012 Process management Screening of: Recommendations for: Kick-off workshop with MS + Visioning Programmes Projects Gap + potential analysis Programmes Demonstrators Collaboration Communication with EC, SETIS, CoM, etc. 01.12.2011 19
The importance of emerging markets Why China? Rapid urban development (demographic and economic) Currently 45% urban population, strongly increasing Urgent need for massive CO 2 reductions 2008: 22% of global emissions Resources per capita extremely low Energy policy: 8 low-carbon cities and 5 provinces (by NDRC) Ambitions: Establish win-win situations China s cities as living-labs for research and implementation Involve China in Europe s innovation cycle Avoid lock-in effects (infrastructure investment) 01.12.2011 20
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology your ingenious partner Reinhard Schütz Reinhard.Schuetz@ait.ac.at 21