Natural gas statistics

Natural gas statistics IEA workshop on Energy Statistics Santiago, Chile, 27-30 September 2010 Mieke Reece Oil and Gas Statistics

Overview The importance of gas in the world The Natural Gas Chain Basic Concepts Natural Gas Production Supply and Consumption Structure of the Questionnaire Table description and definitions Relations within the questionnaire Specific problems The monthly gas questionnaire

World Share of natural gas in the energy mix World Primary energy supply 1973 1% 2% 0% 11% 24% 16% World Primary energy supply 2% 6% 2008 1% 10% 27% 21% 46% 33% Coal Oil Natural Gas Nuclear Hydro Com. Renew. Other Coal Oil Natural Gas Nuclear Hydro Com. Renew. Other Increase in the share of natural gas in the world

Chile share of natural gas Chile Primary energy supply 1973 Chile Primary energy supply 2008 0% 14% 60% 0% 14% 58% 15% 15% 5% 6% 7% 6% 0% Coal Oil Natural Gas Nuclear Hydro Comrenew Other 0% Coal Oil Natural Gas Nuclear Hydro Comrenew Other Very little change in the energy mix in 35 years

World Use of natural gas 1973 2008 26% 22% 24% 11% 40% Transformation processes Energy industry own use Transport Non energy use Industry Other Transformation processes Energy industry own use Transport 3% 45% Non energy use Industry Other 2008 Natural gas use mainly for power generation

Chile Use of natural gas 1973 2008 9% 6% 25% 26% 3% 84% 45% Transformation processes Energy industry own use Transport Non energy use Industry Other Transformation processes Energy industry own use Transport Non energy use Industry Other 2008 Natural gas used for 45% as feedstock in the petrochemical industry

World Regional Growth Natural Gas Consumption 2009

Basic concepts Natural gas comprises several gases, but consists mainly of methane As a gas expands or compresses according to temperature and pressure, it is important that when measuring natural gas the temperature and pressure are taken into account Gas is usually measured in : energy unit : TJ - Gross Calorific Value Volume : million m 3 Eurostat/IEA use Standard Conditions: Standard Conditions = 15 degrees C and 760 mm Hg

Basic concepts (2) For conversion we need to know how many kj there are per m 3 When reporting data in a balance, specific kj/m 3 conversion factors need to be known for the various flows: Indigenous Production Imports Exports Stock changes Inland Consumption (obs)

Basic concepts (3) What is the difference between Gross and Net Calorific Value? Net Calorific value = Gross Calorific Value latent heat of vaporisation of the water vapour produced during combustion of the gas. For gas the difference between Net and Gross is about 10%

Natural gas production Extraction of of Crude Oil Oil and and Associated Gas Gas Other Separation (offshore wells) NGL Crude Oil Oil Associated Gas Gas Annual Oil Oil Questionnaire Gas Gas Flared or or reinjected Wellhead Separation (onshore wells) Removal of of Liquids in in Natural Gas Gas Processing Plants Marketed Production Annual Gas Gas Questionnaire Extraction of of Non-Associated Non-Associated Gas Gas Gas Gas Vented Removal of of Sulphur and and Impurities Coal Mines Colliery Gas Gas

Natural gas - supply and consumption Transformation Exports Stock Build Energy Distribution Losses Marketed Production Inland Consumption Transport Imports Stock Draw Residential Commercial Agriculture Industry

The natural gas questionnaire 2 units (million m 3, TJ) 5 tables Supply of Natural Gas Consumption of Natural Gas Inland Consumption by Sector Total Final Consumption by Sector Energy and Non-Energy use Imports by Origin Exports by Destination Gas Storage Capacity

Supply of natural gas

The natural gas questionnaire Definitions Supply Table 1 Indigenous Production dry marketable production (after purification and extraction of NGL and sulphur) Imports and Exports are considered imported or exported when having crossed the physical boundary of a country Stock changes and levels stock levels of recoverable gas change of stock is opening - closing stock level of recoverable gas

Definitions The natural gas questionnaire Inland Consumption - Table 2a Transformation Sector Natural Gas used for producing another type of energy (electricity, heat) which is after used for final consumption Example: Gas-to-Liquids Energy Sector Natural Gas consumed by Energy Industry Example: Liquefaction plants Distribution Losses

The natural gas questionnaire Definitions Final Consumption - Table 2b (= derived from final consumers) Different Use Non-Energy Use Report Natural Gas used as a raw material for producing other products (Chemical and Petrochemical Industry) Energy Use Report Natural Gas used as fuel 3 Sectors Industry Sector Transport Sector Other Sectors

The natural gas questionnaire Definitions Imports / Exports - Tables 3,4 Requested Data 2 Units: Million m3 et TJ Natural Gas by pipeline and LNG Geographical Breakdown 70 import origins 55 export destinations Trade Importance of the ultimate origin or destination Transit trade and re-exports are not to be included

The natural gas questionnaire Definitions Gas Storage Capacity Table 5 Location of the storage Type of storage Depleted oil and gas fields Aquifers Salt Cavities Technical Characteristics Working Capacity = total gas storage capacity minus cushion gas Peak Output = maximum rate at which gas can be withdrawn from storage

The natural gas questionnaire Relations within the questionnaire Oil Oil questionnaire Table 1 LPG Imports = Total Imports Table 3 Imports by by Origin Coal questionnaire Table 1 Renewables questionnaire Table 1 Manufactured gases Biogases Table 1 Supply Exports = Total Exports Inland Consumption (observed) = Inland Consumption Table 4 Exports by by Destination Table 2 Inland Consumption = Transformation + Energy + Distribution Losses + Total Final Consumption Electricity and Heat questionnaire Table 6a - 6c 6c Inputs to Gross Electricity and Heat Production Table 2a Net Net Inland Consumption by by Sector Table 2b Total Final Consumption by by sector Energy -use Non -energy use use Electricity and and Heat questionnaire Table 9g 9g Inputs to Autoproducer Heat and Electricity Generation Table 5 Inputs to to Autoproducer Electricity and Heat Generation per per plant type

The natural gas questionnaire Some specific problems regarding gas reporting Common Problems Trade transit trade is often reported as import / export exchange contracts origin not always known due to spot markets and hubs increasing difficulties with liberalised market Units measurement in million cubic metres under Standard conditions - often reported under Normal conditions data in TJ often reported as Net rather than Gross

Chile annual natural gas data Large amounts of non energy use of natural gas in the IEA questionnaire. The national energy balance does not show any non energy use of natural gas. However, there is a corresponding amount of natural gas categorised under transformation in Liquefaccion de gas. Does this represent the transformation of natural gas into methanol and if so should this be reported under transformation GTL? Chile s national energy balance reports quantities of gas consumed under transformation in Refineria Petroleo Gas Natural. This seems to have been subtracted from the gross production (along with gas vented and flared) to give the marketable production reported in the questionnaire. However, on the consumption side a quantity matching this was reported under Industry Chemical. It would be helpful to know exactly what this amount represents so we can advise on how it should be treated in the questionnaire. It should be treated consistently on both the supply and demand side.

The monthly gas questionnaire Deadline: 25 th of month M 2 data is part of MOS M 1 data is Gas Jodi Same definitions as the annual questionnaire Reduced questionnaire: no information requested on consumption by end use, no storage capacity

Monthly natural gas Exports Pipeline LNG Stock Build Marketable Production Inland Consumption Pipeline Imports LNG Stock Draw

IEA Publications on annual natural gas Publication and CD ROM Natural Gas Information (hard copy, pdf) CD ROM On line Data Service Pay Per View Data download Derived publications/analysis: Natural Gas Market Review Energy Statistics of OECD Countries Energy Balances of OECD Countries CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion

Use of Monthly Gas Data Natural Gas Publications Electronic Format MGDS Monthly Natural Gas Survey August 2004 Historical/Most recent

Thank you! Questions welcome