THE GRAPHIC DESIGN SCHOOL

learn design from the ex perts in design THE GRAPHIC DESIGN SCHOOL ONLINE COURSE STUDY AT YOUR OWN PACE, IN YOUR OWN TIME FLEXIBLE ONLINE LEARNING START ANY DAY OF THE YEAR 2013 PROSPECTUS

WHY GRAPHIC DESIGN? If you have a creative spirit, a passion for working with people and a penchant for solving puzzles, then you have the ingredients to be a great graphic designer. The courses are designed to inspire the designer inside you. Whether you are looking to kick start a career in graphic or web design, or you simply want to create better ads, flyers, brochures and websites for your business, we ll give you the tools you need to create dynamic, meaningful, professional quality logos, layouts, flyers, ads, posters and websites. Read on to find the course that s right for you.

EIGHT REASONS TO BECOME A GRAPHIC DESIGNER 1. Design is all around us. Every industry needs graphic design. And will continue to need the services of graphic designers. It s a smart career choice! 2. Graphic design comes in many flavours. Print, web, interactive, motion, animation, editorial, packaging and many more. You re sure to find a niche. 3. Graphic designs have workplace flexibility. As a graphic designer, you can work for small studios or firms, large scale ad agencies, corporations or even from home as a freelance designer! 4. Graphic design is universal. Every country and city will have companies and individuals that will need your services. 5. Graphic design is fun. There are not many other fields where you get to be creative everyday, and get paid to do it! 6. Graphic designers can do freelance work. Not many professional fields have the ability to work on a freelance basis. As a freelance graphic designer you can be your own boss or make extra money on the weekends. 7. You re never alone. The graphic design field is huge. There are hundreds of groups, organisations, websites, blogs, magazines and books devoted just to the field of graphic design. 8. We know you will love it!

PORTFOLIO PRINTDESIGN Cedric Bixler-Zavala Illustration Detailed illustration poster Date Created: September 2009 James Kent 2010!! # # % "*! # % & %% % "%&# % % % -" #! % %, "!%! to!! # " * WHAT EMPLOYERS REQUIRE + " % # Whether you work for a studio, ad agency or large corporation, you will need specific items and skills. The Graphic Design School will cover all these topics: Understanding of design principles and theory Logo Design Layout Design Photography Colour Theory Layout, Illustration and Photography Design Software Resumes Portfolio Website Design After completing our courses you will be well prepared for entry level design jobs!

OUR COURSES We run four courses: the 11 module INTENSIVE FOUNDATION COURSE, the accredited CERTIFICATE IV IN DESIGN UPGRADE COURSE, the CERTIFICATE IV IN DESIGN CUV40311 and the FOUNDATION WEB DESIGN COURSE. The Graphic Design Courses are run completely Online, offering you the flexibility to study in your own time and at your own pace, around your lifestyle! Our courses have been specially designed to create a dynamic and interactive student community. Students have the opportunity to communicate and exchange ideas with tutors, staff and fellow students in the forum. A gallery and a free e-library stacked the latest design magazines, books and videos are just some of the ways we ensure a rich learning experience... Our reputation depends upon it! The Graphic Design School is not just about teaching Graphic Design, its about helping you evolve as an artist. Our method of teaching and mentoring enables every student to fulfill their artistic dreams by teaching relevant industry skills while offering constructive individual feedback from tutors as you progress through your creative journey. If you are passionate about a new career or hobby and would like to learn from award winning teachers and tutors, take the challenge and enrol in The Graphic Design School Today!

OUR COURSES The INTENSIVE FOUNDATION COURSE is an online intensive foundational course in graphic design. You will cover 11 modules during the course and be issued a Certificate of Completion after successfully completing the course. This course will arm you with all the skills needed to be a graphic designer. You will complete the course with a well rounded portfolio showcasing your skills. The Graphic Design School offers this course for people who are wanting to become graphic designers yet do not feel they need a government accredited qualification to do so. The Graphic design industry is reputed to be an industry based on portfolio. This considered, The Graphic Design School believes that offering an alternate to the government accredited qualification pathway offers students the flexibility to undertake study without the price tag attached to a qualification. Approximate time to complete this course is 700 hours. The price of this course is 1300. There are two payment plans to choose from if you wish to pay in part. Refer to the last page of this brochure for payment plan breakdowns. If you do need a qualification for your studies, we have the solution. Students who complete the Intensive Foundation Course are eligible to upgrade to the accredited CERTIFICATE IV IN DESIGN CUV40311 QUALIFICATION. The first step to upgrading to the Certificate IV in Design is a recognition process conducted by the school. Because you have submitted your work online, we have a record of your progress that we check off in our marking systems against the 15 units of competency in the Certificate IV in Design. After you enrol in the accredited course, one of our experienced tutors will go back to the work you submitted in Modules 1-11 and mark it against the accredited qualification and its units of competency. So, you have a tonne of recognition of high quality work that flows into the Certificate IV in Design assessment records. As part of the upgrade you will submit 5 extra assessments and these will complete the accredited qualification criteria. These assessments are industry related and will prepare you all the more for workplace expectations. Approximate time to complete the upgrade is 20 hours. The price of the course upgrade is 1500, with a part payment plan available. Please refer to the website for details. STUDENTS CAN ALSO CHOOSE TO ENROL IN THE FULL QUALIFICATION AT THE TIME OF ENROLMENT TOO. The Certificate IV in Design course is comprised of 12 modules that have been holistically designed around the 15 units of competency comprised in the Certificate IV in Design CUV40311 training package. The total cost for the course is 2820, these costs are broken down into part payments. Approximate time to complete the course is 720 hours. The FOUNDATION WEB DESIGN COURSE will give you an understanding of the principles of graphic design for the web/screen environment. You will cover 4 modules during the course and be issued a Certificate of Completion after successfully completing the course. The course is suitable for aspiring web designers with a beginner level of Adobe Software knowledge. It is also suitable for print graphic designers who want to expand their portfolio to include web design, self-taught designers, web developers who want to learn about web design and people with an interest in design. The course will equip you with all the skills necessary to understand information and interface design, and the ability to plan and design a multi-page website project. The price of this course is 460 for students new to the school and 390 for post graduates or current students. Approximate time to complete the course is 200 hours.

INTENSIVE FOUNDATION COURSE OUTLINE Module 1: Introduction to Graphic Design. An overview of what graphic design is and the varied professional opportunities it provides. Students will be inspired by great work and introduced to the most popular designer sites and understand work in the various industries that designers work in. The assessment work involves research of a chosen designer, that will open the eyes of the student to the amazing design everywhere around us. Module 2: Design Basics. Students will begin putting design elements and principles into practice and make decisions using the visual language of a designer. By doing very simple studies, this module will introduce students to vector based software applications, and help them see the power of design and carefully applied principles. Via step by step video tutorials. Module 3: Introduction to Typography. An overview of what typography is and the integral role it plays in graphic design. Upon completion of this module, students will be introduced to typography as design, and be able to identify type styles and render font families. The module that inspires a love of type. Module 4: Colour Theory and Practice. Students will learn the critical elements and principles of colour that create meaningful design. Upon completion of this module, students will have a knowledge of the vocabulary and tools needed to create dynamic, meaningful colour compositions and colour palettes, and understand the power of colour choice in design. Module 5: Type Fundamentals. Typographic elements and principles will be put into practice through layout studies within a given format. Exploration of type as a singular letter form, a line of type and paragraph will open the eyes of the student to type as a design element. Students will research and analyse iconic designs, expanding their design knowledge and vocabulary. With the aid of video tutorials students will build upon their knowledge as they begin to draw letter forms and practice letter kerning. Students will understand how Typography affects the way we read and communicate, and how to communicate effectively through type choice and applied design principles. Module 6: Photograph. An overview of digital photography. Upon completion of this module, students will have a working knowledge of the vocabulary and tools needed to create dynamic, meaningful photographic compositions. This module is where students are introduced to pixel-based software and start to manipulate images in Adobe Photoshop. The importance of using grid systems is introduced here. Students learn to conceptualise, sketch ideas and finally produce a magazine ready ad, using their own photography. Module 7: Logo Design. Students will use the tools they have learned to create basic typographic systems. The focus is on creating dynamic logotypes and understanding how colour and type choice communicate a message. Students will learn how to analyse and manipulate letter forms to create legible, well crafted, meaningful and dynamic logos. Students will start to solve real world design problems with the client in mind. This project introduces students to the creative process, the design brief and the integral part that research plays in the design process. Students will use briefs from this point onwards in the course.

INTENSIVE FOUNDATION COURSE OUTLINE Module 8: Design Systems. Students will begin to show a command of design principles by creating, refining and developing a dynamic, unified organic animal and an icon design system. Students will use Adobe Illustrator (vector-based software) to develop their marks and icon system. Students will further their understanding of design principles and elements by focussing on unity in design in particular throughout this module. Module 9: Layout Design Learning Outcome: Students will deepen their knowledge of composition, proportion and layout design by incorporating grid system, typography, imagery and layout skills in a commercial magazine layout. The ability to plan and create multi-page typographic layouts is taken to an advanced level in this module. Module 10: Design Systems II: Type & Image Learning Outcome: Students will continue to create design solutions with the real world client in mind. They will learn to define project goals and create a design brief for a client of their choosing. In this module students will create a complete design system for their client, including Corporate Identity (logo, business card, letterhead, branding). Students will also delve into the world Packaging with a complete packaging project. Finally, they will conceptualise, plan and execute a complete Advertising Campaign for a chosen client. Module 11: Preparing for the Job and Portfolio Creation. Students will learn the importance of marketing themselves and their work and begin to prepare a professional portfolio. They will design a Personal Identity System and learn to plan their Portfolio, analyse and refine their work. Students will create a design system for their portfolio and place their refined work within this system. Once you have completed the Intensive Foundation Course, you have the option to upgrade to the Certificate IV in Design. This course bridges the gap between the Certificate of Completion and the government accredited qualification Certificate IV in Design. See the next page for further information.

CERTIFICATE IV IN DESIGN UPGRADE The Certificate IV in Design Course Upgrade option will see student graduating with the national qualification Certificate IV in Design CUV40311. The entry requirement for this course upgrade option is successful completion of the Intensive Foundation Course. The purpose of offering this upgrade is to allow flexibility in study options, students may decide after completing the Intensive Foundation Course that they wish to go the extra mile to complete a recognised qualification. All the work, participation in forums and assessments you have completed in the Intensive Foundation Course are recognised in the Certificate IV in Design. Because you have submitted your work online, we have a record of your progress that we check off in our marking systems against the 15 units of competency in the Certificate IV in Design. After you enrol in the accredited course, one of our experienced tutors will go back to the work you submitted in Modules 1-11 and mark it against the accredited qualification and its units of competency. So, you have a tonne of recognition of high quality work that flows into the Certificate IV in Design assessment records. As part of the upgrade you will submit 5 extra assessments and these will complete the accredited qualification criteria. These assessments are industry related and will prepare you all the more for workplace expectations. Approximate time to complete the upgrade is 20 hours. As this course is selfpaced, students have up to 3 months to complete the extra assessments.

ABOUT THE QUALIFICATION The CUV40311 Certificate IV in Design qualification consists of the following 15 units of competency: Core units BSBCRT301A Develop and extend critical and creative thinking skills SBDES305A Source and apply information on the history and theory of design BSBDES401A Generate design solutions BSBDES402A Interpret and respond to a design brief BSBOHS201A Participate in OHS processes CUVACD401A Integrate colour theory and design processes CUVPRP401A Realise a creative project Elective Units BSBDES301A Explore the use of colour BSBDES302A Explore and apply the creative design process to 2D forms BSBDES303A Explore and apply the creative design process to 3D forms BBSBDES304A Source and apply design industry knowledge CUVGRD302A Use typography techniques CUVGRD401A Research and apply graphic design techniques CUVPHI401A Capture images in response to a brief CUVPHI404A Enhance, manipulate and output photo images FOR UK & EUROPEAN STUDENTS If you are living in the EU, it makes sense to have a qualification that employers will recognise. The Australian Certificate IV in Design is equivalent to a NVQ3 qualification. If you decide to upgrade to the Certificate IV in Design course you may obtain an NVQ3 Statement of Comparability and a Certificate of Comparability from UK NARIC. UK NARIC is the National Agency responsible for providing information and advice about vocational, academic and professional skills and qualifications from all over the world. They provide equivalency and benchmarking services to individuals to help them work and study anywhere in the world. The process is fast and easy and can be done online at ecctis.co.uk

CERTIFICATE IV IN DESIGN The Intensive Foundation Course delivered by The Graphic Design School is designed as a course that provides a pathway to a career in Graphic Design. There are 12 modules that make up the course. You will notice that the modules are the same as in the Intensive Foundation Course and the Certificate IV upgrade combined. Unlike the upgrade option, enrolment in this course will see students enrolling in the full qualification from the time of enrolment. The Certificate IV in Design course is comprised of 12 modules that have been holistically designed around the 15 units of competency comprised in the Certificate IV in Design CUV40311 training package. Students who wish to apply for Austudy may do so via this full enrolment option only. A student may also apply for Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL). Students have up to 15 months to complete the 12 modules. The course has been designed to be completed within 32 weeks. However, as the course is self-paced, you can decide how many hours a week you wish to concentrate on study. An approximate guide is 720 hours to complete the 12 modules. Module 1 Introduction to Graphic Design Module 2 Design Basics Module 3 Introduction to Typography Module 4 Colour Module 5 Advanced Typography Module 6 Photography Module 7 Logotype Design Module 8 Design Systems Module 9 Layout Design Module 10 Design Systems II Module 11 Preparing your Portfolio Module 12 Advanced Portfolio Refinement and Enhancement; Preparing for the Job

FOUNDATION WEB DESIGN COURSE More than just a web design course, The Graphic Design School brings its ethos of teaching students more than design skills, we aim to instill an understanding of the culture of design combined with the techniques of a solid design process. Students will gain a strong foundation and appreciation of colour, typography and visual hierarchy in web design through the Foundation Web Design Course. Graduates will experience the confidence needed to be able to market their web design skills at the end of the course. Students will be taught the necessary web design skills in Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Fireworks, in a guided step-by-step method via video tutorials. This means you can undertake the Web Design Course with a Beginner Level of software knowledge. We understand that web designers choose to work in one or all three of these programmes, so the course offers the student the opportunity to choose the software that best suits their existing skills set, or to make an informed decision on the best software to learn. Students may in fact choose to learn all three. That choice is up to the individual and the software learning for all three Adobe programmes is available to all Web Design Course students. You will cover 4 modules during the course and be issued a Certificate of Completion after successfully completing the course. The course will equip you with all the skills necessary to understand information and interface design, and the ability to plan and design a multi-page website project. It will also equip you with a thorough working knowledge of Illustrator, Photoshop, or Fireworks (or all three!), enabling you to step into your chosen web design role anywhere. Who is the ideal candidate for this course? A print designer who wishes to branch out into web design A self taught designer A web developer who aims to enhance their skills by learning web design A person with an interest in web design with a beginner level of skill in Illustrator, Photoshop or Fireworks Students have 6 months to complete the course. As the course is entirely self paced, students can study online and in their own time. Enrolments are taken all year round, any day of the year. Approximate time to complete the course is 200 hours. This may vary from student to student.

FOUNDATION WEB DESIGN COURSE What you will learn: Advanced understanding of the principles of graphic design for the web/screen environment. Adobe Software Learning for Illustrator, Photoshop and Fireworks Understanding of the principles of user-centred design and it s application in web design, information and interface design. Understanding of the role of markup languages for web design and what they do. Ability to plan and design a multipage website project. Wireframe and Design a website using Illustrator, Fireworks or Photoshop, or a combination of the three programmes. What you will not learn: Back-end development (what is happening on the server) and Javascript. Why don t we teach back-end development in this course? Back-end web development has now become a profession in itself. Web designers and developers communicate with each other and blend their skills to create complete website projects. A back-end and web developer is a software engineer and not a designer. Module 1 The Internet And The Web The History Of The Internet Understanding Web Design Graphic Design in the Web Environment Colour on the Web Type on the Web Software Learning Introduction to Fireworks, Illustrator and Photoshop Working with and editing type, colour, vectors and bitmaps in Fireworks, Illustrator and Photoshop Studies: Interaction design in the real world Interfaces On The Web Elements In Interface Design Analysing Websites Determining The Canvas Size Research User Statistics Calculate The Canvas Research Designing The Canvas Identifying Colour Schemes Colour Conversion Studies Colour Scheme Development Applying Colour Schemes To A Design Testing For Accessibility Compliance Typographic & Font Case Studies Visual Hierarchy Using Design & Text Module 2 Images and Multimedia on the Web Layout in Interface Design Software Learning Fireworks, Illustrator and Photoshop: Importing Files, Grid Systems & Advanced Editing Studies: Definitions and Resolution Understanding File Formats Different Image Techniques Grid Studies For Page Design Module 3 Designing Information and Navigation Interaction Design Software Learning Advanced Learning and Resources Studies: Understanding information architecture design Develop a taxonomical structure Understanding users Understanding interaction design elements Module 4 Main Web Design Project Software Learning Fireworks, Illustrator and Photoshop: Wireframing, Website Design and Banner Design Scoping a Website Information Architecture Brainstorming and Concept Designing the Interface Refining the design Preparing the design for development Banner Design

EIGHT SPECIAL BENEFITS OF OUR COURSES 1. The Graphic Design School understands that study can be expensive, that s why we have created an Intensive Foundation Course that students can gain all of the design education necessary without the price tag of a qualification. We also understand that sometimes qualifications are necessary, students who have completed the Intensive Foundation Course may upgrade to the Certificate IV in Design qualification, how simple is that! 2. The Graphic Design School teaches industry relevant skills, preparing you for real jobs in the real world. From idea generation techniques and accurately responding to real design briefs, to researching, sketching, critiquing, analysing and software execution of your designs. 3. The courses focuses on practical industry skills. With fun, challenging studies and assignments contributing to your portfolio and less of the traditional educative style of tedious essay and assignment writing. 5. We take you through the process of creating your very own portfolio and resume. Obtaining a job in the design industry is notoriously Portfolio based. The Intensive Foundation Course is designed to arm you with a GREAT portfolio. The Certificate IV in Design Upgrade Course will arm you with a great portfolio, a qualification and a personal letter of recommendation from your tutor. 6. The Intensive Foundation Course not only focuses on the theory of graphic design, we teach the technical aspects, including the design software skills you will need to know to become a designer. With tonnes of video tutorials and written instruction. Software learning couldn t be easier. 7. While the courses are online, you are not alone. Each student has a tutor to grade and critique each assignment. The Graphic Design School also has a large community of students and tutors to exchange ideas with and assist you with any course questions should they arise. 4. When you are learning in a supportive and user friendly e-learning environment like ours,studying from home at your own pace is a dream. No travel, no expensive parking, no waiting in an overcrowded classroom for your turn with the teacher, with us you can study from the comfort of your own home. 8. The Graphic Design School keeps unnecessary costs to a minimum, keeping course fees low. Look around! You will found our courses to be very competitive in price. Graphic Design is all we do, and we love it! Make sure you are learning Design from people who specialise in Design, it makes a difference.

WHAT S REQUIRED ON YOUR PART? You will need the following in order to complete our courses: A computer Mac or PC and Internet connection Scanner and printer Illustration Supplies: paper and pencils For the Intensive Foundation Course and the Certificate IV in Design Course, you need the Adobe Creative Suite Design Standard edition which comes with Illustrator, Photoshop, InDesign and Acrobat Pro. For the Web Design course will need Illustrator, Photoshop, Acrobat Pro and Fireworks. This is contained in the Adobe Premium Suite. If you are enrolling in the Intensive Foundation Course and you think that you may undertake the Web Design Course at some stage or you have enrolled in this course, please purchase the Premium Suite as you will be learning Fireworks in the Web Design Course. The following are required for the Intensive Foundation Course only: Access to an SLR camera (analogue or digital above 3mpx) for module 6, 9,10 and 11 Equipment to set up a basic photoshoot: 2 lamps and a dropsheet Note: Full specifications on the above can be found in our student handbook, downloadable on our site. WHAT ABOUT SOFTWARE & STUDENT DISCOUNTS? The Graphic Design School teaches the software required for the Intensive Foundation, the Certificate IV in Design and Foundation in Web Design Courses through comprehensive tailor made training videos that align with the skills that you will require for each project. Modules for the Intensive Foundation Course and Certificate IV in Design are taught in the following Adobe Software: Illustrator Photoshop InDesign Modules for the Foundation in Web Design are taught in the following Adobe Software: Fireworks Illustrator Photoshop As a Graphic Design School student you may qualify for the Adobe Student Discount. Students in Australia, NZ, Asia Pacific (excluding Japan) and Europe are eligible to receive the Student discount for the Adobe Creative Suite. Discounts are generally 80% off normal retail price. Once you have enrolled, the School will issue you a list of authorised Adobe resellers in your area that we have found to be reliable and helpful for our students. Contact us if you wish to purchase the software at the discounted rate and you will be forwarded a letter to present on purchase to prove your enrolment at The Graphic Design School. If software is uncharted territory for you, fear not! We help you step by step and teach from the ground up. No prior Adobe knowledge is necessary. It s much easier than you would imagine!

HOW DO I STUDY ONLINE? Once you enrol with The Graphic Design School you will be able to start your first module in as little as five minutes! You will have access to every convenience as if you were in a classroom! You will be issued a unique username and password for entry into your own personal Student Secure site called the Schoolyard. In the Schoolyard you will find an e-library packed with design books, magazines, sample portfolios and video tutorials, a student support forum, your own gallery, information on resources and goings on in the design community, forum access to staff, students and tutors. All without leaving your living room.

WHERE THE JOBS ARE Graphic design is everywhere. All industries have a need for graphic design. You can also do it anywhere; internally, at home or as a freelancer. Ad agencies Magazines and newspapers Design firms and Studios Large corporations Fashion Government agencies Non-profit organizations And many more After completing our course you will be prepared to seek design employment in almost any industry. Our graduates are currently working as Art Directors Freelance Designers Junior Designers In House Designers Creative Directors Web Designers Print Designers Copywriters and more

MEET A FEW OF OUR TUTORS AND STAFF Lee-Anne O Brien studied Art & Graphic Design at the AAA School of Advertising in Cape Town, South Africa. She worked for some of the top advertising agencies, before being head hunted by Virgin to work in London, working for Virgin and as a successful freelance designer for 7 years. Her portfolio includes campaign work for Dove, Maybelline, Siemens, Sky UK and GlaxoSmithKline. Now located in Sydney, Australia, she continues working as a freelance graphic designer, and inhouse designer for The Graphic Design School. With her industry experience and keen eye for design, she strives to use her knowledge to inspire students to reach their full potential. Toni Coles studied Typography in London, and Graphic Design in Victoria Graduating in 1982. Toni has worked as a lecturer and course co-ordinator in Digital Design and Visual Communication at a number of Universities in Australia. Toni also works as a very successful freelance Graphic Designer, and inhouse designer for an agency having designed for international powerhouses such as Shell Oil, Avis, Honda, Dulux Paints and American Express. Toni s love of education along with her industry experience in design make her an inspirational mentor for students. Tracey Honig studied Graphic Design Production and Web Production in Sydney, before embarking on a sterling career at HMV, where she worked as inhouse graphic designer and media planner. Tracey went on to work for Esteé Lauder, producing work for several luxury cosmetic brands across the group. Tracey is currently producing design solutions across various industries as a freelance graphic designer. Clients include Bobbi Brown, Mac Cosmetics and Hasbro. Tracey hopes that with her love of design and inspirational teaching, students will find their own passion for all things creative.

ENROLMENT Enrolment for all courses (except the Upgrade) is provided via the TGDS website. Web enrolment is available 24/7. Payment options include Visa Mastercard Paypal Clients that wish to pay via bank transfer may pay in full by this method. Please email accounts@thegraphicdesignschool.com to request account transfer information. Please read the student Information handbook prior to enrolment, this handbook can be downloaded on the About The School page of the website.

ENROL NOW! CLICK ON THE COURSE AND PAYMENT OPTION OF YOUR CHOICE INTENSIVE FOUNDATION COURSE CERTIFICATE IV IN DESIGN FOUNDATION WEB DESIGN COURSE This is broken down into 3 payments. Details can be found on the enrolments page. Click here All prices are in GBP YOU MAY ENROL IN THE CERTIFICATE IV IN DESIGN UPGRADE COURSE THROUGH THE SCHOOL ONCE THE INTENSIVE FOUNDATION COURSE HAS BEEN COMPLETED. We would like to thank the talented designers and students that graciously contributed their work to this prospectus. Page 4 from top left to right: Sarah White; David Downing (USA); Bryan Look; James Kent; Reide Iredale; James Kent, Bryan Look; Pitr Fedorezyk; TGDS own work; Juanma Teixido (Paraguay), Oliver Twardowski (Germany)