Impact of HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREATER PHILADELPHIA. October 2007 Prepared by Select Greater Philadelphia

Transcription

1 Impact f HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREATER PHILADELPHIA Octber 2007 Prepared by Select Greater Philadelphia

2 Impact f Higher Educatin in Greater Philadelphia Select Greater Philadelphia Octber 2007

3 Table f Cntents Executive Summary... i Intrductin... 1 Definitin... 3 Purpse... 3 Methdlgy... 4 Base Year... 4 Existing Data Surces... 4 Survey... 6 The IMPLAN Mdel and Ecnmic Impacts... 7 Data Gaps... 8 Characteristics Enrllment & Degrees Awarded Carnegie Classificatin Cmparisn t Other Metrplitan Statistical Areas Enrllment & Degrees Awarded in Tp MSAs Operatins Expenditures Research & Develpment Spending in Large MSAs Direct Impacts Annual Operating Expenditures Emplyment and Wages Student Spending Ttal Ecnmic Impacts Tax Impacts Other Spending Impacts Capital Spending Visitr Spending Effects n Ecnmic Prsperity Human Capital and Educatinal Attainment Wrkfrce Develpment and Cntinuing Educatin Innvatin and Technlgy Transfer Spending and Investment Attractin Ecnmic Develpment Partnerships Quality f Life Recmmendatins fr Further Study Cnclusin References Appendix A. Survey Frm Appendix B. Greater Philadelphia Clleges & Universities Websites Acknwledgements... 70

4 List f Tables Table 1. List f Greater Philadelphia Institutins & Enrllment (Fall 2005)... 5 Table 2. Degrees Granted (2004/05 Academic Year)... 6 Table 3. Certificates and Degrees Awarded by Area f Study and Type (2004/05 Academic Year) Table 4. Shares f Assciate and Higher Certificates and Degrees by First Majr (2005/06 Academic Year) Table 5. GPR & US Schls by Carnegie Classificatin (2005/06 Academic Year) Table 6. FTE Enrllment by Carnegie Classificatin (2005/06 Academic Year) Table 7. Operating Expenditures by Carnegie Classificatin (2005/06 Academic Year) Table 8. Enrllment in the Large MSAs (2005/06 Academic Year) Table 9. Assciate and Higher Certificates and Degrees Awarded in Large MSAs (2004/05 Academic Year) Table 10. Assciate and Higher Certificates and Degrees Awarded per 10,000 residents in Large MSAs (2004/05 Academic Year) Table 11. Cre Expenditures in Large MSAs (2005/06 Academic Year) Table 12. Research & Develpment Funding in Large MSAs (2005/06 Academic Year) Table 13. Estimated Student Spending (2007$) Table 14. Ttal Ecnmic Impacts (2007$) Table 15. Ecnmic Impacts f Prpsed Capital Prject Spending (2007$) List f Figures Figure 1. Map f Clleges & Universities Reginal Campuses... 2 Figure 2. Ttal FTE Enrllment in Large MSAs (2005/06 Academic Year) Figure 3. FTE Enrllment per 10,000 Residents (2005/06 Academic Year) Figure 4. Assciates and Higher Certificates and Degrees Awarded by MSAs (2004/05 Academic Year) Figure 5. Cre Expenditures per FTE (2005/06 Academic Year)... 24

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6 Intrductin Executive Summary Impact f Higher Educatin in Greater Philadelphia Select Greater Philadelphia (Select) examined the characteristics and estimated the ecnmic impacts f the clleges and universities lcated in the Greater Philadelphia Regin (GPR). The GPR cnsists f the fllwing 11 cunties: New Castle Cunty in Delaware, Burlingtn, Camden, Glucester, Mercer and Salem Cunties in New Jersey, and Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Mntgmery and Philadelphia Cunties in Pennsylvania. Select defined an institutin f higher educatin as an accredited cllege r university that ffered an assciate degree r higher, r its equivalent, and that had a facility r campus in the GPR. In the Fall f 2006 a ttal f 88 institutins were present that met this definitin. The bjectives f the study were t: Present the characteristics f the GPR s higher educatin sectr; Cmpare the characteristics f the regin s higher educatin sectr t thse f ther MSAs; Describe the direct ecnmic effects; Estimate the ttal ecnmic impact f the higher educatin sectr; and Describe prgrams and partnerships that enhance ecnmic prsperity in the regin. Select designed a survey that was sent t designated cntacts at the 88 institutins in the Winter f 2007, requesting infrmatin fr the 2005/06 academic year, the base year f the study. The survey s purpse was t btain the mst current schl-specific data that culd be used t accmplish the study s bjectives. Accmpanying each institutin s survey was a prfile with infrmatin btained frm the Natinal Center fr Educatin Statistics Integrated Pstsecndary Educatin Data System (IPEDS). Abut half f the institutins indicated that the IPEDS infrmatin was suitable fr use in the study. The respnse rate was 58%. Ttal ecnmic impacts were estimated using an IMPLAN input/utput (I/O) mdel f the regin. The fllwing three direct ecnmic effects were cnsidered: 1) purchases f nn-labr gds and services required fr peratins; 2) expenditures f dispsable incme by emplyees; and 3) student spending, excluding payments (e.g., tuitin, rm and bard, fees, etc.) t the schls. A separate estimate f the ecnmic impacts f prpsed spending fr capital prjects ver the next five years was als perfrmed using the IMPLAN mdel. Characteristics Majr characteristics f the higher educatin sectr based n the list f 88 institutins include: Fall 2005 enrllment was 233,961 full-time and 125,550 part-time students, fr a ttal, nn duplicated enrllment f 359,511 students; Ttal full-time equivalent (FTE) enrllment was 275,811 students; During the 2004/05 academic year a ttal f 67,169 degrees were awarded, cnsisting f 10,328 assciate degrees 15.4%, 34,764 bachelr s degrees 51.7%, and 22,077 advanced (e.g., master s, first prfessinal, and dctral) degrees 32.9%; i

7 The mst ppular majrs in 2005/06 by share f awards were: Business and Management 20.7%, Health Prfessins 12.7%, Educatin 12.7%, Liberal Arts and Sciences 5.4%, and Scial Sciences 5.1%; In the Science, Technlgy, Engineering and Math (STEM) study areas the award shares were: Engineering 3.9%, Bilgical and Bimedical Sciences 2.8%, Physical Sciences 1.1%, and Mathematics and Statistics 0.7%; and Cmpared t the US, the regin s share f awards was significantly abve-average in: Philsphy and Religius studies, Thelgy, Architecture, Law, Histry, Visual Arts, and Health. Shares f awards in bth Business and Engineering were mderately abve the US shares, while the share in Cmputer and Infrmatin Sciences was mderately belw it. Abut ne-third f the regin s awards were advanced certificates and degrees, well abve the US share f 25%. Nn-resident aliens accunted fr just ver 4% f the ttal enrllment in the Fall 2005 r abut 11,800 students, with highest shares at the Curtis Institute f Music, Academy f Vcal Arts, Princetn University and the University f Pennsylvania. Select analyzed the structure f the regin s higher educatin sectr based n the Carnegie Cmmissin n Higher Educatin s 2005 classificatin system; the study used the Cmmissin s basic designatin. Cmpared t the US, in the Fall f 2005 the regin had well abve-average shares f enrllment in the fllwing classes: Special Fcus Institutins such as Medical Schls, Other Health Prfessins Schls, Schls f Art, Music and Design, and Other; and Assciate s Public Urban-serving Single Campus and Assciate s Public Suburbanserving Multicampus (i.e., these are the regin s 10 cmmunity clleges). Annual perating spending in the regin is cncentrated, with several classes f schls Research Universities (high and very high levels f research activity), Master s Cllege and Universities (medium and large prgrams), and Special Fcus Institutins Medical Schls and Medical Centers accunting fr 81.3% f annual spending, but nly 55.2% f FTE enrllment. The benefit t residents f higher educatin is evident by the 2007 Current Ppulatin Survey which shws that in 2006 the median mney incme in the US fr an individual with a master s degree was $55,445, 19.4% higher than the $46,435 level fr a persn with a bachelr s degree. Cmparisns t Other Large Metrplitan Statistical Areas The study cmpared the characteristics f the regin s higher educatin sectr t thse in the 24 largest ther metrplitan statistical areas (MSAs) based n 2005 ppulatin. This cmparisn used all schls present in each MSA accrding t IPEDS. Since their definitin is brader than the ne used in this study t identify the list f 88 schls (i.e., IPEDS includes institutins that ffer certificates less than an assciate degree), the enrllment and degree ttals fr the GPR were slightly higher. In the Fall 2005 the regin had the: 4 th highest ttal FTE enrllment, behind nly New Yrk, Ls Angeles and Chicag; 5 th highest enrllment rate, expressed as FTE per 10,000 residents; 4 th highest ttal number f assciate and higher certificates and degrees, and awarded the 3 rd highest ttal number f bachelr s degrees; ii

8 3 rd highest award rate (i.e., number f awards per 10,000 residents) fr ttal assciate and higher certificates and degrees; 2 nd highest award rate fr bachelr s and first prfessinal degrees, behind nly Bstn; 3 rd highest award rate fr advanced certificates and degrees; and 3 rd highest level f annual perating spending per 10,000 residents, behind nly Bstn and Baltimre. The abslute size f the regin s higher educatin sectr, in terms f enrllment, number f certificates and degrees awarded, and peratins spending, is cnsistently amng the tp 5 when cmpared t the ther large MSAs, and in prprtinal terms it ranks even higher due t the cncentratin f enrllment and spending in the Research and Masters Universities. Finally, the regin ranked 7 th amng all MSAs in ttal research and develpment (R&D) funding during the 2005/06 academic year with a ttal f $1.277 billin; 6 institutins Drexel University, Princetn University, Temple University, Thmas Jeffersn University, University f Delaware, and the University f Pennsylvania accunted fr 97% f this ttal. Ecnmic Impacts The regin s higher educatin sectr generated the fllwing direct ecnmic effects during the 2005/06 academic year: Ttal perating expenditures f apprximately $12.3 billin, including $7.1 billin in purchases f nn-labr gds and services; Ttal direct emplyment f 85,267 jbs, with emplyees paid a ttal f $5.2 billin in wages and salaries; and Ttal student spending, excluding payments t the schls, f abut $2.2 billin, equivalent t just ver $8,000 per FTE student per academic year. The ttal ecnmic impacts were derived using the IMPLAN I/O mdel fr the 11-cunty regin. The ttal current ecnmic impact f cllege and university spending fr gds and services, expenditures f wages and salaries by emplyees, and student spending, are (in current 2007$): Ttal emplyment f 210,598 jbs, resulting and multiplier f 2.1 and cmprising 6.9% f the regin s ttal; Output f $23.9 billin 4.6% f the regin s ttal; Value added (i.e. Grss Reginal Prduct r GRP) f $15.2 billin, 4.8% f the regin; and Labr incme f $11.0 billin 3.9% f the regin s ttal. Clleges and universities make a significant cntributin t the regin, accunting fr between 3.9% and 6.9% f its ttal ecnmic activity depending n the variable. Additinal direct ecnmic effects are prduced by tw ther effects: 1) cnstructin f capital prjects and 2) spending by visitrs. Respnses t the survey indicated schls are planning t spend abut $3.7 billin n capital prjects t be cmpleted r started ver the next five years, excluding the University f Pennsylvania s Penn Cnnects plan whse estimated cst is apprximately $6 billin. The ecnmic impacts f the annual level f spending prduced by these plans will include: direct cnstructin emplyment f 5,555 jbs; ttal increase in reginal emplyment f 9,753 jbs; and an increase in GRP f abut $667.1 millin (2007$). iii

9 Accurate infrmatin abut the number f visitrs and their spending was nt available fr all 88 schls, primarily because mst f them find it difficult t cllect this data. Based n results frm ther studies in regin, we estimate that annual spending by visitrs is between $300 millin and $400 millin, likely near the upper end f this range. This spending als increases in ecnmic activity in the regin thrugh indirect and induced multiplier effects. Effects n Ecnmic Develpment Clleges and universities knw that the quality f life n their campuses, and their ability t accmplish their primary educatinal gals, are clsely linked t and affected by the quality f life in their hst cmmunities, and by the perfrmance f the reginal ecnmy. The ecnmic develpment benefits f clleges and universities ccur in the fllwing areas: Human Capital and Educatinal Attainment; Wrkfrce Develpment and Cntinuing Educatin; Innvatin and Technlgy Transfer; Spending and Investment Attractin; and Ecnmic Develpment Partnerships. The schls said they participate in a wide range f prgrams and partnerships whse effects, either directly r indirectly, prmte ecnmic develpment in their hst cmmunities and thrughut the regin. While the spending fr these prgrams is included in current perating expenditures, their psitive effects n ecnmic develpment usually ccur ver a lnger perid f time. Based n the survey respnses, Select identified the fllwing types f ecnmic develpment partnerships: 1) business assistance centers; 2) ecnmic incentive znes; 3) lcal purchase prgrams; 4) business incubatrs; 5) develpment parks; 6) lcal cmmunity develpment rganizatins; and 7) partnerships with ther educatinal institutins. iv

10 Intrductin Select Greater Philadelphia (Select) is a reginal ecnmic develpment marketing rganizatin dedicated t building the ecnmy f the Greater Philadelphia Regin (GPR) by attracting new businesses. Select is a private, nn-prfit rganizatin that fcuses its resurces n enhancing the prfile and image f the GPR as a prfitable business lcatin. Select markets the regin natinally and glbally in rder t establish it as a tp-tier place t d business. The agency practively recruits cmpanies t expand r lcate here and ffers a range f cmplimentary and cnfidential services t interested cmpanies, including: prviding accurate infrmatin abut the regin, cnnecting cmpanies t service prviders, facilitating site visits and incentive analyses; and acting as a liaisn between cmpany representatives and ecnmic develpers in the tri-state area. Select is gverned by a bard f 60 chief executive fficers called the CEO Cuncil fr Grwth (CEO Cuncil), and is affiliated with the Greater Philadelphia Chamber f Cmmerce (GPCC). Thrugh the CEO Cuncil, Select als pursues a plicy agenda that aims t increase the regin s quality f life and ecnmic grwth. The Greater Philadelphia Regin cnsists f the fllwing 11 cunties: New Castle Cunty in Delaware, Burlingtn, Camden, Glucester, Mercer and Salem Cunties in New Jersey, and Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Mntgmery and Philadelphia Cunties in Pennsylvania. Figure 1 shws the 11 cunties in the regin, and the lcatin f the clleges and universities. The Greater Philadelphia Regin s 11 cunties are lcated in the Philadelphia Camden Wilmingtn and the Trentn Ewing Metrplitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). The frmer cnsists f 11 cunties, including Cecil Cunty, Maryland which is nt part f the GPR. The Trentn Ewing MSA includes nly Mercer Cunty, which is included in the GPR because f its high level f cnnectedness. The resulting 11-cunty definitin f the GPR is a mre accurate representatin f the natural flws and interactin patterns (e.g., cmmuting flws, purchasing netwrks, scial interactins, etc.) f the regin s ecnmy. Since Select s apprach t ecnmic develpment is market-based, the rganizatin fcuses its activities n sectrs fr which the GPR has the strngest cmpetitive advantages. This apprach enables business develpment and marketing t fcus n thse industry sectrs with the highest prbability f attracting new ecnmic activity int the regin. Select has identified the fllwing grup f target industry sectrs: Life Sciences, Financial Services, especially investment management, Infrmatin Technlgy (IT), Higher Educatin, Chemical Manufacturing, Transprtatin and Lgistics, Advanced Manufacturing (e.g., aerspace, nantechnlgy), Business Services, and Alternative Energy. The regin is als highly suitable as a lcatin fr the US headquarters f freign cmpanies. Select is perfrming studies f specific target industry sectrs ver the next few years. The purpses f these special studies are t: describe the characteristics f each sectr; identify the GPR s cmpetitive strengths and weaknesses fr each ne; and estimate the sectr s ttal cntributin t the regin s ecnmy. The results f each sectr study will be used t develp targeted business develpment and marketing activities. 1

11 Figure 1. Map f Clleges & Universities Reginal Campuses Surce: Delaware Valley Reginal Planning Cmmissin & ESRI, 2006 The initial sectr study fr the regin was The Greater Philadelphia Life Sciences Cluster An Ecnmic and Cmparative Assessment, prepared by the Milken Institute in The study was a cllabrative effrt spnsred by PricewaterhuseCpers, BiAdvance, Pennsylvania Bi, and the CEO Cuncil fr Grwth. The results f this study are currently being used by Select t market the life sciences sectr. The next sectr Select is examining is higher educatin. There are several reasns fr this, including: the rle that knwledge creatin, innvatin and human capital quality play in imprving the ecnmic perfrmance f reginal ecnmies that cmpete glbally; and the histric imprtance f clleges and universities in the regin. Educatin has been an imprtant part f the regin in many ways scially, ecnmically, and culturally since clnial times. Sme f the higher educatin milestnes in the regin include: Philadelphia is hme t the natin's ldest Quaker Schl, knwn as the William Penn Charter Schl, funded in 1689; The first public library, the Free Library f Philadelphia, was funded by Benjamin Franklin in 1731; University f Delaware was funded as a small private academy in 1743, it is ne f the ldest land grant universities in the cuntry; Princetn University was the furth cllege established in the 13 clnies in 1746; Pennsylvania Hspital, funded by Benjamin Franklin and Thmas Bnd, was the first hspital in America, it pened in 1751; 2

12 University f Pennsylvania was the cuntry s first true university, receiving this designatin in 1779; Philadelphia is hme t the natin's first medical schl, first children's hspital, first cancer hspital, first cllege f pharmacy, first eye hspital, first nursing schl and first dental schl; The first art schl and art museum in America, the Pennsylvania Academy f Fine Arts, was funded in Philadelphia in 1805; and Cheyney University f Pennsylvania is the cuntry s ldest histrically black cllege and university, funded in Lincln University, anther histrically black institutin f higher learning, was established in These educatinal milestnes demnstrate the histric imprtance and cntributin f higher educatin t the regin. Ging frward clleges and universities will becme an even mre essential cntributr t the GPR s ecnmic perfrmance. Definitin Fr this study, an institutin f higher educatin was defined as an accredited cllege r university that ffered an assciate degree r higher, r its equivalent, and that had a facility r campus in the regin where classes are held. Online institutins, such as University f Phenix, Strayer University and Thmas Edisn State Cllege, leaders in distance learning by public universities, are becming increasingly ppular. Their students can be lcated anywhere, reducing the amunt f lcal spending and their ecnmic impacts. T estimate the ecnmic impacts f clleges and universities lcated in the regin, including the spending by their students, Select attempted t determine each cyber university s enrllment in the regin. As a result, Thmas Edisn State Cllege and the University f Phenix were included in the study. Enrllment infrmatin frm Strayer University was nt available fr the regin. Purpse The purpse f Select s Higher Educatin Study is t describe the characteristics f clleges and universities in the GPR and estimate the ttal impacts f these institutins n the regin s ecnmy. Mre specifically, the study was intended t: Present the characteristics f the higher educatin sectr, such as the number and types f schls, enrllment, number and types f degrees awarded, spending, emplyment, etc.; Cmpare the characteristics f the regin s higher educatin sectr t thse f ther MSAs; Estimate the direct ecnmic effects f the clleges and universities frm: general perating expenditures, spending by emplyees and students, visitrs spending and capital prjects; Determine the ttal impact f all the clleges and universities n the regin s ecnmy; and Describe the ther ways in which institutins f higher learning cntribute t lng-term ecnmic prsperity in the regin. Ttal ecnmic impacts are estimated using the IMPLAN input/utput (I/O) mdel f the 11- cunty GPR. The study als presents examples f the prgrams and partnerships that lcal clleges and universities spnsr r participate in that prmte ecnmic prsperity within their 3

13 hst cmmunities and thrughut the regin. These prgrams als enhance the quality f life in the regin in many ways. Methdlgy This sectin describes the methdlgy and data surces used by Select t analyze the regin s higher educatin sectr. The apprach was t first btain infrmatin frm existing surces, such as the Natinal Center fr Educatin Statistics (NCES) Integrated Pstsecndary Educatin Data System, widely knwn as IPEDS. Infrmatin was cmpiled fr the individual schls, and then Select cnducted a survey t btain infrmatin that was nt available frm primary data surces. In the Fall 2006, Select identified 88 clleges and universities in the GPR that met the study s definitin f higher educatin presented abve. These schls are presented in Table 1, alng with their ttal, full-time, part-time and full-time equivalent (FTE) enrllments. The list f schls was cmpiled frm varius surces, including: an earlier study cmpleted by the Pennsylvania Ecnmy League, (Eastern Divisin, 2001) IPEDS database, the GPCC s Reginal Clleges and Universities Presidents Cuncil and its list f schls; and internet research. Table 2 presents the assciate, bachelr, and advanced degrees awarded by the 88 institutins during the 2004/05 academic year. Base Year The base year fr the study was the 2005/06 academic year as this was the mst recent year fr which data was available frm IPEDS. Hwever, sme data frm it, such as the number and type f degrees awarded, were available nly fr the 2004/05 academic year. Infrmatin fr the 2005/06 academic year became increasingly available in IPEDS during 2007 and was used as apprpriate. Existing Data Surces The study included 88 clleges and universities, shwn in Table 1. Select made maximum use f existing data surces, primarily infrmatin cntained in the IPEDS database. The advantages f using the IPEDS database is that infrmatin submitted is based n a cmmn definitin, it is in the same frmat and it is fr the same year. These attributes enable valid, direct cmparisns fr the same variables (e.g., enrllment, perating expenses, degrees, emplyment, etc.) t be made acrss schls. Several new schls began perating in the regin in This study cnsiders nly the 88 fr which data was available. 4

14 Table 1. List f Greater Philadelphia Institutins & Enrllment (Fall 2005) Institutin Name Ttal Full-time Part-time FTE Institutin Name Ttal Full-time Part-time FTE Academy f Vcal Arts Mre Cllege f Art and Design American Cllege Neumann Cllege 2,810 1, ,233 Arcadia University 3,407 2,183 1,224 2,591 Peirce Cllege 1, ,146 1,207 Art Institute f Philadelphia 3,373 2, ,742 Pennc Tech 1, Biblical Thelgical Seminary Pennsylvania Academy f the Fine Arts Bryn Athyn Cllege f the New Church Pennsylvania Cllege f Optmetry 1, Bryn Mawr Cllege 1,799 1, ,647 Pennsylvania Institute f Technlgy Bucks Cunty Cmmunity Cllege 9,596 3,990 5,606 5,859 Pennsylvania State University 6,017 3,842 2,175 4,567 Burlingtn Cunty Cllege 7,888 3,888 4,000 5,221 Philadelphia Biblical University-Langhrne 1, ,130 Cabrini Cllege 2,318 1, ,861 Philadelphia Cllege f Ostepathic Medicine 1,772 1, ,589 Calvary Baptist Thelgical Seminary Philadelphia University 3,193 2, ,835 Camden Cunty Cllege 14,737 7,249 7,488 9,745 Princetn Thelgical Seminary Chestnut Hill Cllege 1, ,186 Princetn University 6,773 6,773-6,773 Cheyney University f Pennsylvania 1,560 1, ,423 Recnstructinist Rabbinical Cllege CHI Institute 1, ,084 Rider University 5,552 3,903 1,649 4,453 Cmmunity Cllege f Philadelphia 17,102 5,188 11,914 9,159 Rsemnt Cllege 1, Curtis Institute f Music Rwan University 9,762 7,489 2,273 8,247 Delaware Cllege f Art and Design Rutgers University-Camden 5,321 3,683 1,638 4,229 Delaware Cunty Cmmunity Cllege 10,627 4,430 6,197 6,496 Saint Charles Brrme Seminary-Overbrk Delaware Technical and Cmmunity Cllege-Stantn-Wilmingtn 7,473 2,767 4,706 4,336 Saint Jseph's University 7,714 4,648 3,066 5,670 Delaware Valley Cllege 2,064 1, ,763 Salem Cmmunity Cllege 1, DeSales University N/A N/A N/A N/A Strayer University N/A N/A N/A N/A DeVry University-Pennsylvania 1, Swarthmre Cllege 1,479 1, ,474 Drexel University 18,466 13,627 4,839 15,240 Talmudical Yeshiva f Philadelphia Eastern University 3,702 2, ,058 Temple University 33,695 25,634 8,061 28,321 Glucester Cunty Cllege 6,022 3,205 2,817 4,144 The Cllege f New Jersey 6,768 5, ,160 Gldey-Beacm Cllege 1, The Restaurant Schl at Walnut Hill Cllege Gratz Cllege The University f the Arts 2,277 2, ,207 Gwynedd Mercy Cllege 2,723 1,437 1,286 Thelgical Seminary f the Refrmed Episcpal 1,866 Church Harcum Cllege Thmas Edisn State Cllege 1,469-1, Haverfrd Cllege 1,168 1,168-1,168 Thmas Jeffersn University 2,681 1, ,209 Hly Family University 3,455 1,504 1,951 2,154 University f Delaware 20,982 17,956 3,026 18,965 Hussian Schl f Art University f Medicine and Dentistry f New 155 Jersey Immaculata University 4, ,234 1,863 University f Pennsylvania 23,704 19,771 3,933 21,082 ITT Technical Institute University f Phenix-Philadelphia Campus 1,694 1,694-1,694 JNA Institute f Culinary Arts University f the Sciences in Philadelphia 2,808 2, ,598 Katharine Gibbs Schl Ursinus Cllege 1,571 1, ,558 La Salle University 6,138 3,665 2,473 4,489 Valley Frge Christian Cllege Lincln Technical Institute Valley Frge Military Cllege Lincln University f Pennsylvania 2,278 2, ,129 Villanva University 10,367 7,856 2,511 8,693 Lutheran Thelgical Seminary at Philadelphia West Chester University 12,988 10,360 2,628 11,236 Manr Cllege Westminster Thelgical Seminary Mercer Cunty Cmmunity Cllege 8,928 3,404 5,524 5,245 Widener University (includes Law Schl) 5,760 3,609 2,151 4,326 Mntgmery Cunty Cmmunity Cllege 10,874 4,761 6,113 6,799 Wilmingtn Cllege 7,911 3,413 4,498 4,912 Ttals 359, , , ,811 Surce: Natinal Center fr Educatin Statistics, Integrated Pstsecndary Educatin Data System (IPEDS). Infrmatin was btained frm ther direct surces including: dcuments n schl Web sites such as budgets, cmmn data sets, capital facilities plans, prfiles, and ther descriptive materials; ecnmic impact studies prepared by schls and rganizatins in and ut f the regin; surveys f student spending; and miscellaneus surces such as newspaper and magazine articles. T minimize the effrt required t respnd t the survey, detailed prfiles frm IPEDS fr every institutin were assembled using the mst recent infrmatin available and were sent t each institutin with the survey. When the survey was distributed in the Winter f 2007, this was the mst recent academic year fr which the full range f IPEDS data was available. Pst-secndary institutins participating in any federal student financial assistance prgrams are required t annually cmplete a detailed survey and submit it t the U.S. Department f Educatin under Title IV f the Higher Educatin Act f The pst-secndary institutins required t d s include nt nly thse ffering an assciate degree r higher, but als private, less than 2-year institutins that ffer certificates. Institutins that d nt have a Prgram Participatin Agreement (PPA) with the U.S. Department f Educatin, which gverns their participatin in federal student financial aid prgrams, are nt required t submit data t IPEDS, 5

15 but many f them d. There were a ttal f 7,018 pst secndary institutins listed in the IPEDS database fr the 2005/06 academic year. Table 2. Degrees Granted (2004/05 Academic Year) Degrees by Level Institutin Name Assc Bach Advan Institutin Name Assc Bach Advan Academy f Vcal Arts N/A N/A - Peirce Cllege American Cllege Pennc Tech Arcadia University Pennsylvania Academy f the Fine Arts Art Institute f Philadelphia Pennsylvania Cllege f Optmetry Biblical Thelgical Seminary Pennsylvania Institute f Technlgy 61 N/A - Bryn Athyn Cllege f the New Church Pennsylvania State University Bryn Mawr Cllege Philadelphia Biblical University-Langhrne Bucks Cunty Cmmunity Cllege 786 N/A - Philadelphia Cllege f Ostepathic Medicine Burlingtn Cunty Cllege 694 N/A - Philadelphia University Cabrini Cllege Princetn Thelgical Seminary Calvary Baptist Thelgical Seminary Princetn University - 1, Camden Cunty Cllege 1,189 N/A - Recnstructinist Rabbinical Cllege Chestnut Hill Cllege Rider University Cheyney University f Pennsylvania Rsemnt Cllege CHI Institute Rwan University - 1, Cmmunity Cllege f Philadelphia 1,452 N/A - Rutgers University-Camden Curtis Institute f Music Saint Charles Brrme Seminary-Overbrk Delaware Cllege f Art and Design 46 N/A - Saint Jseph's University Delaware Cunty Cmmunity Cllege 867 N/A - Salem Cmmunity Cllege 80 N/A - Delaware Technical and Cmmunity Cllege-Stantn-Wilmingtn 508 N/A - Strayer University Delaware Valley Cllege Swarthmre Cllege Desales University Talmudical Yeshiva f Philadelphia DeVry University-Pennsylvania Temple University 8 4,263 2,720 Drexel University 7 2,231 1,622 The Cllege f New Jersey - 1, Eastern University The Restaurant Schl at Walnut Hill Cllege Glucester Cunty Cllege 482 N/A - The University f the Arts Gldey-Beacm Cllege Thelgical Seminary f the Refrmed Episcpal Church Gratz Cllege Thmas Edisn State Cllege Gwynedd Mercy Cllege Thmas Jeffersn University Harcum Cllege 153 N/A - University f Delaware 14 3, Haverfrd Cllege University f Medicine and Dentistry f New Jersey 242 Hly Family University University f Pennsylvania 2 2,854 3,844 Hussian Schl f Art 33 N/A - University f Phenix-Philadelphia Campus Immaculata University University f the Sciences in Philadelphia ITT Technical Institute 93 N/A - Ursinus Cllege JNA Institute f Culinary Arts 17 N/A - Valley Frge Christian Cllege Katharine Gibbs Schl 179 N/A - Valley Frge Military Cllege 60 N/A - La Salle University Villanva University 4 1,850 1,048 Lincln Technical Institute 238 N/A - West Chester University - 2, Lincln University f Pennsylvania Westminster Thelgical Seminary Lutheran Thelgical Seminary Widener University (includes Widener Law Schl) Manr Cllege 124 N/A - Wilmingtn Cllege ,077 Mercer Cunty Cmmunity Cllege 773 N/A - Ttals 10,328 34,764 22,077 Mntgmery Cunty Cmmunity Cllege Degree infrmatin is fr the 2004/05 Academic year Mre Cllege f Art and Design Institutins listed abve are thse ffering an Assciate's Degree r Higher Neumann Cllege Advanced degrees include first prfessinal, master, and dctral degrees Surce: Natinal Center fr Educatin Statistics, Integrated Pstsecndary Educatin Data System (IPEDS). Degrees by Level Survey The survey was designed t btain infrmatin frm individual schls that was nt available n IPEDS r frm ther surces, including: enrllment characteristics, share f lcal purchases f gds and services, number and type f emplyees, wages paid, student spending, degrees by prgram area, recent and prpsed capital prjects, number f campus visitrs, and examples f ecnmic develpment prgrams and partnerships. A cpy f the survey frm is presented in Appendix A. Letters were sent t the cllege presidents asking them t identify a cntact persn at their schls wh shuld receive the survey. The cntact persn identified, in mst 6

16 cases, was the directr f institutinal research, especially at the larger schls, r a similar psitin at the smaller schls. The surveys were ed in the Winter 2007, and included the detailed IPEDS prfile fr each schl year fr the 2004/05 academic year. Respndents were instructed t indicate if the 2004/05 IPEDS data was accurate and t prvide nly updated infrmatin fr the 2005/06 academic year if available, and als t attempt t answer the remaining questins nt cvered by IPEDS. Finally, respndents were asked t prvide any existing materials that wuld enable Select t answer sme f the survey questins such as 2005/06 budgets, cmmn data sets, impact assessments, prfiles, etc., and many schls prvided these materials. The respnses t the surveys were used as primary data inputs in estimating the ecnmic impacts, with the IPEDS infrmatin used as the default values when n respnse was received. Fifty-ne schls replied fr a respnse rate f 58%; primarily frm the larger clleges and universities with institutinal research departments. Many smaller schls said that the IPEDS infrmatin culd be used. The IMPLAN Mdel and Ecnmic Impacts The primary purpse f the study was t estimate the aggregate ecnmic impact f annual spending by the 88 institutins n the regin s ecnmy. The IMPLAN Prfessinal Versin 2.0 input/utput (I/O) mdel was used t estimate the ttal ecnmic impacts f the fllwing direct ecnmic effects: Annual purchases f gds and services made frm the perating budget; Annual spending f dispsable incme by emplyees f the schls; and Annual spending by students, excluding payments made directly t the schls fr tuitin, rm and bard, fees, etc. A separate analysis was prepared f the ecnmic impacts f prpsed level f annual spending fr capital prjects. Select btained ecnmic data fr the 11-cunty regin and the IMPLAN sftware then created the I/O mdel that wuld translate the direct ecnmic effects int ttal ecnmic impacts. Fur versins f the IMPLAN mdel were created t reflect the different expenditure levels per emplyee f the regin s clleges and universities. Lack f survey respnses t certain questins indicated that accurate, recent infrmatin acrss all 88 schls suitable fr use in an ecnmic impact study might nt be available fr sme f the questins psed. Specifically, Select was uncertain if gd infrmatin culd be btained fr: Number and types f campus visitrs, and their related spending; Student spending, bth the level per semester by husing type (i.e., live n r ff campus, r cmmutes), and the spending shares by type f gds and services purchased; Prprtin f graduates living in the regin three years after graduatin; Share f purchases f gds and services made frm cmpanies lcated in the regin; and Histric and prpsed spending n capital prjects. 7

17 Data Gaps Anther purpse f the study was t determine what ther types f data, in additin t infrmatin in published data surces, is cmpiled by the regin s clleges and universities that culd be used t estimate the ecnmic impacts. The survey respnses indicated the fllwing data gaps, defined as infrmatin that culd be used t mre accurately assess ecnmic impacts, but which is nt cnsistently available acrss all the schls. Number f and Spending by Campus Visitrs. Infrmatin n the number and types f campus visitrs is very difficult fr schls t track. Mst f them have nly an apprximate idea f the number f visitrs they attract. Schls generally have gd data n the number f attendees at events fr which they charge admissin, but it is difficult fr them t estimate visitrs t free events such as festivals. The Admissins Office usually has accurate infrmatin n the number f students and parents making fficial visits t campus during the cllege applicatin prcess and fr rientatin prgrams. Data n the number f participants in executive seminars, academic cnferences, n-campus sprts prgrams during the summer, class reunins, etc., if tracked, is available nly frm the individual departments that spnsr each prgram, making it time cnsuming t cmpile. Finally, mst campuses are quite pen, making it difficult t distinguish visitrs frm all the ther students and emplyees wh travel t and frm campus every day. While Select culd nt prepare a reliable enugh estimate f the direct visitr spending t be used in the IMPLAN mdel, Select des prvide a range f pssible direct spending by visitrs belw based n results f ther recent studies. Student Spending. Mst schls have a gd idea f the annual spending by students living n and ff campus, principally because this infrmatin must be reprted t IPEDS and is needed t estimate financial aid packages. The respnses tended t cluster by ttal spending per semester, and the cnsensus values generally agreed with estimates frm the literature. Hwever, little survey-based infrmatin was available n differences in spending characteristics between ff-campus students living away frm hme and thse living at hme. While enugh respnses were received t determine annual student spending impacts acrss all 88 schls, additinal research wuld enable these impacts t be mre accurately estimated. Share f Graduates Remaining in the Regin. An imprtant cncern in recent years has been the cllege graduate brain drain the perceptin that large numbers f the regin s cllege students leave upn graduatin and mve t cities such as New Yrk, Bstn, and Washingtn D.C., t find jbs. Fr this reasn, schls were asked abut the share f their graduates wh live in the regin three years later. This infrmatin is difficult t cmpile, especially if graduates d nt jin alumni assciatins r therwise stay in cntact with their alma maters by dnating mney, etc. The respnses shwed that high shares f the graduates frm Research and Develpment Universities, the tw Ivy League schls, and the highly ranked Liberal Arts schls, leave after graduatin. Hwever, high shares f the graduates frm public universities, including the Cmmunity Clleges, remain after three years. A survey-based study wuld yield useful infrmatin fr better understanding the extent f this issue. There are tw effects that can ffset the brain drain. First, many students raised in the regin wh went t cllege elsewhere, return after graduatin, raising the level f educatinal attainment and the quality f the labr frce. This study did nt measure the 8

18 extent t which students raised here return after graduatin. Secnd, students frm ther areas wh cme here fr cllege and return hme after graduatin, becme part f the alumni netwrk f each schl. As their careers prgress, they are ften in a psitin t direct investment and business activities int the GPR based n their cnnectins with faculty and classmates, alng with referring prspective, high achieving students here. They als cntribute t their alma maters endwment funds, which benefits schls in many ways, such as paying fr new facilities, supprting R&D activities, endwing prfessrships and increasing the amunt f annual incme available t supprt peratins. Lcal Purchases f Gds and Services. Mst f the respndents had reasnably accurate estimates f the share f gds and services their institutins purchase frm cmpanies lcated in the regin. Many f them have prgrams, and made special effrts, t include qualified lcal firms n their bid lists. Mst f the gds and services that clleges and universities use fr daily peratins can usually be btained frm within the regin. Hwever, sme specialized services (e.g., legal, accunting, financial, etc.) and equipment may need t be purchased frm utside the regin. The multipliers cntained in the IMPLAN mdel used t estimate the ttal ecnmic impacts are based n the shares f gds and services that can be btained frm within the regin. Finally, a gd respnse was received fr infrmatin n capital prjects, especially fr thse prpsed t be finished r started ver the next five years. Hwever, plans are still being finalized fr many f the prpsed prjects as mst schls are in the prcess f raising mney fr them, develping designs t estimate csts mre accurately, acquiring real estate, and retaining architects and engineers. Due t the cnfidential nature f the planning prcess, sme schls requested that Select nt present specific cst estimates f prpsed capital prjects by individual schl. The results are presented in the Ttal Ecnmic Impacts Sectin in a separate analysis f the ecnmic impacts f the likely annual level f cnstructin spending fr prpsed prjects acrss all schls using the IMPLAN mdel. 9

19 Characteristics Figure 1 shws the lcatin f the regin s 88 institutins. Large universities are cncentrated in urban areas such as Camden, Philadelphia, and Wilmingtn, yet cmmunity and liberal arts institutins are prminent in suburban areas. Within in the past six mnths, Gywnedd Mercy Cllege, DeSales University, and Temple University have added r expanded their satellite campuses, which is a grwing trend. Satellite campuses are imprtant because they prvide mre pprtunities fr wrkfrce develpment and cntinuing educatin t residents f the regin. Enrllment & Degrees Awarded Infrmatin abut enrllment and degrees granted was btained frm the survey fr the 2004/05 academic year and frm the IPEDS database fr Fall Survey results were cmpared t IPEDS data fr cnsistency. IPEDS figures were used as the primary surce f enrllment data fr mst schls, supplemented by survey results when available. The ttal Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) enrllment was calculated by adding the number f full-time students and ne-third times the number f part time students; the frmula is cmmnly used t derive FTE enrllment. The FTE figure represents what the enrllment wuld be if the ttal number f unduplicated students, bth full and part-time, were all attending full time. Bth ttal enrllment and FTE enrllment were fr the Fall 2005 semester, which is cnsistent with the study s base year. Table 1 presents the fllwing enrllments fr the Fall 2005: 233,961 full-time students; 125,550 part-time, fr a ttal f 275,811 FTE students. Ttal unduplicated enrllment was 359,511 students. The five largest institutins accunted fr 32% f the regin s ttal FTE enrllment. Temple University, with a FTE enrllment f 33,000 students, was the largest schl in the GPR. The ten Cmmunity Clleges registered 94,498 students representing 26.3% f the regin s ttal unduplicated enrllment. Survey respnses indicate that many students attend Cmmunity Cllege t btain certificates, initial degrees, r fr cntinuing educatin t upgrade their skills. As part f the Select survey, cllege and university researchers were asked t prvide the percentage f degrees cnferred in the fllwing categries: Business & Finance, Cmputer Science & Infrmatin Technlgy, Educatin, Engineering, Liberal Arts, Physical & Natural Sciences, Other, and Ttal Degrees. These categries were chsen fr cnsistency with the IPEDS degree classificatins. Select analyzed degree data fr the 2004/05 academic year frm IPEDS because it was the mst current data set available, and because it is cmparable acrss schls. Infrmatin n certificates and degrees awarded by area f study and type is presented in Table 3. The ttal number f degrees by type shwn in Table 3 varies slightly frm the figures in Table 2 because f minr variatins in IPEDS reprting by individual schl. 10

20 Table 3. Certificates and Degrees Awarded by Area f Study and Type (2004/05 Academic Year) Descriptin Assciate degrees 2 but less than 4 academic years Bachelr's degrees Pstbaccalaureate certificates Master's degrees Pst-master's certificates Dctrate degrees First-prf degrees First-prf certificates Ttal by First Majr Agriculture related sciences Natural resurces cnservatin Architecture related services Area, ethnic, cultural, gender studies Cmmunicatin, jurnalism, related prgrams 89-1, ,677 Cmmunicatins technlgies/technicians supprt services Cmputer and infrmatin sciences supprt services 423-1, ,249 Persnal culinary services Educatin 662-3, , ,575 Engineering 63-1, ,656 Engineering technlgies/technicians Freign languages, literatures, linguistics Family cnsumer sciences/human sciences Legal prfessins studies ,472-2,033 English language literature/letters 7-1, ,794 Liberal arts and sciences, general studies humanities 2, ,658 Library science Bilgical bimedical sciences 21-1, ,862 Mathematics statistics Military technlgies Multi/interdisciplinary studies Parks, recreatin, leisure, fitness studies Philsphy religius studies Thelgy religius vcatins Physical sciences Science technlgies/technicians Psychlgy 80-1, ,668 Security prtective services ,768 Public administratin scial service prfessins ,335 Scial sciences 42-2, ,431 Cnstructin trades Mechanic repair technlgies/technicians ,330 Precisin prductin Transprtatin materials mving Visual perfrming arts , ,347 Health prfessins related clinical sciences 1,931-2, , , ,749 Business, management, marketing, related supprt services 1,582-7, , ,149 Histry ,036 Undesignated field f study Ttal by Level 10, , , ,999 3, ,041 Surce: Natinal Center fr Educatin Statistics, Integrated Pstsecndary Educatin Data System (IPEDS). Nte: The ttals by first majr include certificates belw an Assciate degree and they are nt shwn in the Table. Reginal schls granted 67,430 assciate and higher certificates and degrees. Tp majrs were in the educatin, business and health fields, which granted ver 43% f all degrees, cnsistent with the largest reginal emplyment sectrs. The list belw describes sme f the regin s highly ranked schls and the distributin f degrees awarded in thse subject areas: The five mst ppular majrs by share f assciate and higher certificates and degrees awarded were: Business and Management 20.7%; Health Prfessins 12.7%; Educatin 12.7%; Liberal Arts and Sciences 5.4%; and Scial Sciences 5.1%. The regin is hme t tw f the tp five natinal universities accrding t U.S. News and Wrld Reprt magazine s 2008 cllege rankings: Princetn University 1 st and University f Pennsylvania 5 th. 11

21 In Science, Technlgy, Engineering and Math (STEM) majrs, the shares f assciate and higher degrees awarded were: Engineering 3.9%; Bilgical and Bimedical Sciences 2.8%; Physical Sciences 1.1%; and Mathematics and Statistics 0.7%; Liberal Arts accunted fr 5.4% f assciate and higher degrees awarded. This relatively high percent is due t the presence f tp ranked Liberal Arts Clleges. Swarthmre Cllege, Haverfrd Cllege, and Bryn Mawr Cllege ranked in the tp 25 Liberal Arts Clleges in the cuntry in U.S. News & Wrld Reprt s mst recent ranking released in mid August Villanva University was ranked number ne in the categry f Best Universities Master s in the Nrth Regin; Health & health related prfessins accunted fr 12.7% f assciate and higher degrees. A ttal f 1,960 first prfessinal degrees were awarded in the Health Prfessins and Clinical Sciences, which includes degrees in Medicine, Pharmacy, Chirpractic, Dentistry, Pdiatry, Optmetry, Ostepathic Medicine and Veterinary Medicine. The University f Pennsylvania s medical research prgram ranked third in the cuntry and the schl was rated first fr pediatric medicine. The University f the Sciences Philadelphia Cllege f Pharmacy was als rated amng the tp 25 in the cuntry by U.S. News & Wrld Reprt; and The regin awarded 9,494 assciate and higher degrees in engineering, IT, and technical fields. Tp engineering prgrams in the regin include the University f Delaware s rating as the sixth best graduate chemical engineering schl in the wrld by The Gurman Reprt. Rwan University is ranked as the secnd best undergraduate chemical engineering schl in the cuntry by U.S. News and Wrld Reprt. Drexel University s Cllege f Engineering has the third largest engineering prgram at a private institutin in the cuntry, and its Materials Engineering Prgram is ranked natinally. Table 4 shws the percent shares f assciate and higher certificates and degrees awarded in the regin by first majr, r area f study, cmpared t US shares. The purpse f the table is t determine whether the GPR awards an abve-average r belw-average share f certificates and degrees, in an individual area f study, such as the field f cmputer and infrmatin sciences. The term Lcatin Qutient (LQ) presented in clumn 5 f Table 4 is the rati f the regin s share f ttal certificates and degrees awarded in a single first majr ver the US share f ttal awards in the same first majr. Fr example, 12.7% f the GPR s awards were fr health prfessins cmpared t 10.6% fr the US. The lcatin qutient is the rati f 12.7/10.6 r 1.2 A LQ value greater than 1.0 indicates that the GPR awards an abve-average share f certificates and degrees in the specific first majr, and vice versa. GPR clleges and universities granted an abve-average number f degrees in the fllwing areas f study: Philsphy and religius studies; Thelgy and religius vcatins; Architecture; Legal Prfessins and studies; Histry; Visual and perfrming arts; and Health prfessins. In each f these areas f study, the LQ value was 1.2 r higher, meaning that the share f degrees awarded in this majr by clleges and universities in the GPR was at least 20% greater than the US share fr the same majr. These high shares are cnsistent with bth the regin s cncentratin f ecnmic activity in the legal and health care fields, and with the large numbers f Liberal Arts and Special Fcus Institutins in the regin. The GPR als had abve average 12