The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity Mission

Transcription

1 The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity Mission - Status and first results - Susanne Mecklenburg SMOS Mission Manager Matthias Drusch Principle Scientist Hamburg, 20 October 2010

2 Mission overview and status

3 SMOS ESA s water mission Objective provide global measurements of two key variables in the water cycle - soil moisture and ocean salinity Requirements Soil moisture Accuracy of 4% volumetric soil moisture Spatial resolution km Revisit time 1-3 days Ocean salinity Accuracy of practical salinity units (psu) for a single observation Accuracy of 0.1 psu for a day average for an open ocean area of 200 x 200 km Payload Microwave Imaging Radiometer using Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) instrument, passive microwave 2-D interferometric radiometer (L-Band, 21cm) Mission orbit sun-synchronous, dawn-dusk (6am/6pm), ~755km, 14 orbits per day Launched on 2 November 2009 Mission lifetime 3+2 years including 6 months commissioning

4 The first months of SMOS 2 November: Launch from Plesetsk, Russia, injection orbit very close to target, good pointing and stability 3 November: Antenna deployment 17 November: Instrument switch-on, 1 st download over ESAC, first image Commissioning phase finished at the end of May, now in operations phase since June 2010

5 MIRAS One arm segment has: - 3 segments with 6 LICEFs each - On-board calibration system CAS - Control and Monitoring Node - CMN SMOS during assembly and integration consisting of 3 arms and hub, 69 LICEFs in total (= light weight cost effective) Hub is divided into 3 sectors, each one being identical to one arm, and has -15 LICEFs, CAS, CMN - Correlator and Control Unit (CCU)

6 MIRAS calibration Flat Target Response (FTR) acquisition to correct for antenna pattern errors ~ twice per year Noise Injection Radiometer (NIR) calibration to set the bias of the image; ~ every two weeks Cold Sky PMS calibration to correct for the antenna losses and CAS factors; Long Calibration (LC) to correct for internal instrumental errors; ~ every 8 weeks for two semi-orbits Local Oscillator (LO) calibration to track the phase drift across local oscillators; ~ every 10 minutes for 5 epoches Electrical Stability Tests to obtain the sensitivity of parameters with temperature; ~ suggested to repeat in 3 years time Short Calibration to quickly acquire a long-calibration parameter subset. ~ decided not to perform = % of the mission time

7 Svalbard Station NRT Acquisition Station Kiruna Station Responsible agencies in operations phase ESA responsible for overall coordination and funding of mission and ground segment operations Long-term Archive Reprocessing Centre S-Band Acquisition CNES responsible for running and funding satellite operations from the Mission Operations Centre at CNES Toulouse (with ESA contribution for specific payload operations) ESTEC - Noordwijk Post Launch Support Office Science and Near-Real Time users ESAC Villafranca Data Processing Ground Segment & X-Band Acquisition Station, Instrument Operations CNES Toulouse Satellite Operations ESRIN Frascati User Services & Mission management

8 SMOS status Space and ground system have been tested in the commissioning phase Payload and platform functioning well with minor anomalies Ground segment is acquiring and processing data up to level 2 and providing data in NRT to ECMWF Data availability First Level 1C products (and some data sets for level 2) released to cal & val PIs mid April Official release of level 1C products in July 2010 Official release Level 2 products in Oct 2010 First entire reprocessing of data up to level 2 foreseen for Q2 of 2011 Re-processing of data from commissioning ongoing

9 Available data products Level 0 raw data ESA Level 1C Brightness Temperatures (NRT for operational users, browse product) Soil Moisture - Level 2 Ocean Salinity Image reconstruction Scientific knowledge & assumptions & uncertainties; models and auxiliary data French and Spanish National Expert Centres National efforts Soil Moisture - Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Global, single-instrument Soil Moisture - Level 4 - Sea Surface Salinity Global, multi-instrument Centre Aval de Traitement des Donnees SMOS (CATDS) For Soil Moisture CESBIO Yann Kerr For Sea Surface Salinity IFREMER Barcelona Expert Centre at ICM-UPC, Jordi Font

10 Potential future SMOS products Level 3 Root Zone Soil Moisture Data Assimilation algorithm using SMOS L1C and H-TESSEL (in offline mode) Spatial resolution: TBD Temporal resolution: 6 to 12 hours Level 2 Frozen Soil Indicator Threshold algorithm based on SMOS L1C brightness temperatures Spatial resolution: SMOS land grid Temporal resolution: 3 days global Level 3 Freeze / Thaw Periods Change detection algorithm Spatial resolution: SMOS land grid Temporal resolution: 3 days global Level 3 Vegetation Water Content Statistical algorithm using SMOS L2 opacity and aux data Spatial resolution: SMOS land grid Temporal resolution: 3 days global Level 3 Sea Ice Thickness Physical algorithm using SMOS L1C brightness temperatures and aux data Spatial resolution: SMOS ocean grid Temporal resolution: daily (polar regions)

11 Results from Level 1

12 Observations at DOME-C station Objectives Provide an external ice-sheet target calibration reference, and serve as a basis for calibration monitoring Validation of Tb SMOS products Extension of sampling time during all 2010 minimum (Annual cycle spanning summer/winter) Illustration of stability of brightness Experiment temperature details with time Radiometer RADOMEX has been Antarctic developed plateau by IFAC around Florence (I) Dome C Thermal good candidate subsystem for has undergone stability major upgrade wrt DOMEX-1 version, with monitoring the support and of the ESTEC across Thermal fov consistency Division. check Measurements since end 2008 IFAC Florence Analysis of SMOS Tb compared to RADOMEX Tb and monitoring of variations

13 System level performances Comparison of two approaches to quantify error in the brightness temperature observations ErrorStd X/Y Pol = standard deviation from 200 snapshots over DOME C L1CRad Acc = theoretical radiometric accuracy as computed at level 1 across xi=0 Noise levels consistent with expectations Noise level consistent with expectations CESBIO

14 MIRAS compliance to requirements System Requirement Document System Parameter Specified Value ( 0 = boresight; 32 = edge of swath ) Measured Value ( from ground tests ) Measured Value ( in-orbit ) R Systematic Error 1.5 K rms ( 0 ) 2.5 K rms ( 32 ) 0.9 K rms in alias-free FoV in EMC chamber 0.33 K rms (sky) K rms alias-free FoV R a,b Level-1 SM Radiometric Sensitivity (1.2 s K) 3.5 K rms ( 0 ) 5.8 K rms ( 32 ) 2.23 K rms 3.95 K rms 2.5 K rms 4.0 K rms (Antarctica) R a,b Level-1 OS Radiometric Sensitivity (1.2 s K) 2.5 K rms ( 0 ) 4.1 K rms ( 32 ) 1.88 K rms 3.32 K rms 2.0 K rms 2.5 K rms (ocean) R Stability (1.2 s) 4.1 K rms ( < 32 ) during 10 days inside EMC chamber 4.03 K rms K rms (ocean, 2 weeks) in aliasfree FoV R Stability (long integration) 0.03 K < 0.02 K More data are needed Martin-Neira, ESA, 2010

15 Model fitting results - geolocation Ideal location of land ocean transition Real location of land ocean transition CESBIO Roll and pitch biases estimated Roll Pitch With residual shift ascending : 221 m descending : 388 m With std = 319m

16 Geolocation impact on Soil Moisture Same product processed with/without biases correction Brightness temperature impact less than 3K SM impact low on average Coastal zones and high surface variations show higher impacts Overall statistics suggest better retrieval. Finer analysis over anchor sites still on-going. Mialon, CESBIO, 2010

17 NRT data delivery statistics Delay (hours) Delay (hours) January 2010 April 2010 SMOS ffiles - Delay ESA-ECMWF BUFR delay delay NRT NRT delay delay BUFR done done 3 hours 3 hours hours hours hours hours hours hours time (days) time (day s)

18 ECMWF data assimilation study Study objectives: - Operational monitoring of global NRT brightness temperatures - Quantification of the impact of SMOS observations on the forecast skill H-pol DB column: fg_depar@body Total number of points: min: -234 max: 209 mean: s td: 39.9 Integration of SMOS data into ECMWF forecasting model First guess departure: observation model for 12 hours and all incidence angles

19 Radio Frequency Interference

20 What is RFI? Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI): Degradation of the reception of a wanted The RFI received by a passive sensor can be classified into three different categories: signal caused by radio-frequency disturbance. During last World Radio-Conference WRC-2007, Resolution 750 was adopted 1. High levels of RFI : Inconsistent with to protect the passive bands. natural radiation. As such, these can be Res. 750: Compatibility between the Earth detected, Exploration but the corresponding Satellite measurements are lost (overloading of Service (passive) Wanted and signal relevant active services. the sensor) (T>340 K). (Brightness temperature) Res. 750 resolves to urge administrations 2. Low to levels take all of reasonable RFI that cannot steps to be ensure that unwanted emissions of active service discriminated stations in the from bands natural and radiations services and operating in neighboring bands do not exceed hence represent the recommended very serious maximum problem Interfering signals levels, noting that EESS (passive) sensors since provide degraded worldwide incorrect measurements data would that benefit all countries, even if these sensors be accepted are not as operated valid. by their country Active band Lower Adjacent Band 1400 MHz Unwanted emissions BW 27 MHz OoB Radiolocation domain Spurious EESS (passive) domain Fixed (*) Radio Astronomy Mobile (*) Sp Research (passive) Passive band 3. Very low levels of RFI below protection 1427 criteria, MHz that cannot be detected by onboard passive sensors, and hence do not In- Band have impact Upper Adjacent on the output Band products. Space Ops (E-s) Fixed Mobile (*) Region 1 only frequency Pag MHz 1427 MHz

21 RFI in SMOS data SMOS Global map of probability of RFI occurrence from 16 March -10 April 2010 (Descending + Ascending passes; dual & full pol products) 100 % 50 % Pag. 21 CESBIO 0 %

22 SMOS RFI Current Status Strong interference sources have been detected worldwide, and specially in South of Europe, China, South Asia and Middle East ESA has contacted several administrations to proceed with investigations about what is the RFI source and to mitigate/cancel the effects in SMOS measurements. E.g. Chinese authorities are initiating the spectrum monitoring over some areas based on SMOS reporting of RFI detection Major improvement of RFI situation over Europe From March until end July, seventeen sources have been successfully switched off in Europe (13 in Spain, 1 in Finland, 1 in Germany, 1 in Poland and 1 in Italy) In most cases the interference was due to either illegal emissions in the passive band MHz or unwanted emissions from the fixed and mobile services in neighboring bands. So far, just in few cases we got confirmation that the RFI was due to radars systems operating close to 1400 MHz. Over Europe currently there are up to 28 RFI sources identified that are compatible with radars transmissions in the MHz band.

23 Reaction of ESA member states ESA member states BELGIUM DENMARK 3 RFI sources (between 600 to 2500 K) 1 RFI in Denmark (4000K) and 2 RFI (stronger) in Greenland. Under investigation by spectrum mng national authorities. Reported late Aug 10. Under investigation by spectrum mng national authorities. Slow Progress FINLAND 1 RFI already switched off SOLVED FRANCE 5 RFIs (BT between 400K and 1600K) Under investigation by spectrum mng national authorities. Slow Progress GERMANY 1 RFI (military radar near Berlin) (+ 1 RFI already switched off near Braunschweig airport air surveillance radar) Spectrum mng national authorities have identified RFI sources due to radars and informed the military authorities. Slow Progress GREECE 13 strong RFIs (four of them with BT > 10000K) Under investigation by spectrum mng national authorities. Slow Progress ITALY 14 strong RFIs (two of them with BT > 10000K) (+1 RFI already switched off) Under investigation by spectrum mng national authorities.slow Progress NETHERLANDS 2 RFI (below 500K) Under investigation by spectrum mng national authorities. Reported late Aug 10. PORTUGAL 1 RFI source (400 K) Under investigation by spectrum mng national authorities. Reported late Aug 10. SPAIN 10 RFI (most of them below 500K) (+14 RFI already switched off) Good cooperation of Spectrum Management Authorities. All strong RFI sources have been identified and switched-off. Good Progress UNITED KINGDOM 5 RFI sources (most of them around 500K, but one up to 3000K) Slow Progress

24 Impact of RFI on neighboring areas Maps of probability of RFI occurrences over Europe showing effect of switching OFF of several strong interferers BEFORE/ Initial situation by March 2010 AFTER switch-off of several RFI sources over Spain in August 2010 Strong RFI sources can contaminate extremely large areas of SMOS swath (up to several degrees in latitude) A single interferer over Spain could affect about 75% of Western Africa! CESBIO

25 Success in Spain Identification and characterisation of RFI sources and their elimination working closely with SETSI Some sources have been switched off! In particular strong point source switched off mid March (illegal local TV radiolink) SETSI confirmed that the majority of the RFIs in Spain are not coming from military radars. No radar in Spain has shown any strong out-of-band emission. Additional in-situ measurements commissioned to identify RFI sources in Valencia and Bilbao region. First image: March, Second image: 25 May after switch-off of several sources

26 European RFI versus Soil moisture precipitation coupling Multi-model hot spots" where soil moisture changes can affect rainfall. The Global Circulation Models do not show perfect agreement in the "strength" of the hot spots yet tend to put them in the same places. (Koster et. al, Science, 2004).

27 RFI over oceans Continental regions are not the only ones affected by RFI Effect of RFI over Oceans: Due to terrestrial RFIs that can affect larger areas, including of course neighboring oceans And also Due to RFI emitters on board certain ships have been observed to emit in the protected band. RFI source observed during a SMOS descending pass over the Atlantic Ocean (BT Map)

28 RFI over oceans In-situ Largest contamination Northern hemisphere high latitude, particularly over the North Pacific and Atlantic oceans and during ascending passes How the RFI impact is seen? Quasi-circumpolar belt of high brightness levels (+30 K wrt ocean brightness temp) polluting data acquired north of 40 N latitud e RFI source: compatible with radar systems in Northern America and Southern tip of Greenland. Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) Measurements of approx psu over open ocean (practical salinity unit) with psu accuracy after 1 month of data aggregation as requirement; Variation of 1 K corresponds to 1 psu Permanent RFI-induced signal > 0.1 K for 1 month is critical April ascending April descending N.Reul, Ifremer

29 Further examples over ocean Indian ocean NW Atlantic & Golf Biscay N.Reul, Ifremer CESBIO

30 RFI in other remote sensing satellites I C-Band X-Band K-Band SMOS is not the only satellite to be affected by RFI! Guy Rochard

31 RFI in other remote sensing satellites II F Wentz ESR

32 What is the solution? 1. ESA Frequency management group Work through European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) and ITU Contact local authorities (Spain, Germany, Norway, Italy, Greece, Croatia etc) Success of this approach relies very much on the cooperation of the approached (ESA member) states!!! 2. RFI characterisation and mitigation RFI characterisation and mitigation work ongoing, different mitigation techniques under investigation, presently RFI only flagged in the SMOS products Cooperation with Aquarius/SMAP on characterisation of RFI sources

33 Results from Level 2 Soil moisture and ocean salinity

34 Main challenges in SM and OS retrieval Soil moisture Ocean salinity Main challenges for SM retrieval are: RFI Heterogeneity of pixel (land cover classification) Negligible Snow atmospheric attenuation Sensitivity of Tb to salinity maximum at low (at Vegetation L-Band 99% atmospheric transmission) microwave frequencies, best at L-Band, Location of inland water bodies Main depending challenges on ocean for OS temperature, retrieval are: incidence Attenuation from vegetation small (for biomass < 5 angle and polarisation kg m -2, which is 65% of the Earth s land surface) Radiometric sensitivity, accuracy, calibration However, stability sensitivity of Tb to salinity is low: Emission from the Earth shows a large contrast Roughness 0.2 (at 0º) and to 0.8 waves K (30º)/PSU, (effect of 5 SSS psu ~ retrieval 10 m/s) between water and land due to the large difference more difficult at high latitudes (i.e. in colder between the dielectric constant of water (ca 80) water) and dry soil (ca 3.5) Emissivity originates from deeper surface soil layer (at L-band ~5 cm) than for shorter wavelengths Low radiometric sensitivity limits accuracy for salinity estimation from single pass, temporal and spatial averaging required (calls for excellent stability of radiometer 0.02K/day)

35 Level 2 processors Common approach for soil moisture (SM) and ocean salinity (OS) 1. Model polarised L-Band emissions of land and ocean surface using an estimated OS or SM value and auxiliary data to describe environmental conditions as input for different models. 2. Compare modelled brightness temperature (TB) with actual SMOS measurements for all available angles (over determination of TB at fixed ocean/land location can be used to reduce measurement noise and adjust several geophysical variables in the iterative minimization process). Modelled TB SMOS TB V pol SMOS TB H pol 3. Reach best fit though iterative modifications of estimated values iterative convergence. One point on surface seen under different incidence angles

36 Soil moisture retrieval Derived parameters - Soil moisture - Vegetation optical thickness - Dielectric constant Nodes for SM retrieval: Forest (>60%), low vegetation (approx. 40%) Vegetation: radiative transfer model: L-MEB model by Wigneron et al (L band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere); retrievals for areas where biomass < 5 kg m-2, which is 65% of the Earth s land surface) Surface dielectric model - Dobson model (Dobson et al. 1985) - Mironov's model (Mironov et al, 2007) Mialon, CESBIO Inhomogeneity of SMOS pixel: Land surfaces are classified into 12 categories, aggregated from the ECOCLIMAP land cover map (dry sand/desert, bare soils, natural low vegetation, cropland, dense forest, moderately dense forests, snow covered area, marshes, swamps, wetlands, rocky terrain, maintains, ice, urban) Aux data for static characteristics Land/sea mask, water bodies, rivers,urban areas, topography: DEM, soil texture: FAO data set 5 x5, Surface roughness Auxilliary data that evolve Land use map (ECOCLIMAP), snow cover extent and status (MODIS-MERIS, ECMWF), freezing (weather centres), land surface temperature (AVHRR, MODIS), atmospheric characteristics (weather centres)

37 Ocean salinity retrieval Derived parameters - 3 different sea surface salinities, according to different roughness models Atmosphere Ocean Tb,p = Tb,p flat (θ, SST, SSS) + Tb,p rough (θ, Ф, wind waves, swell, other wave characteristics, foam coverage, foam emissivity, rain)

38 Soil moisture retrievals June 2010 First global maps! P. Richaume, CESBIO

39 Optical thickness (vegetation opacity) retrievals June 2010 P. Richaume, CESBIO

40 South-North SSS anomaly in the Pacific: Comparing SMOS and Argo information = SMOS Data SMOS: 1half orbit on 11 December 2009 Climatology: World Ocean Atlas 2005 SSS climatology ARGO: Monthly ISAS analysis of ARGO surface fields in December 2009, Gaillard, LPO, 2010 All data averaged over 0.1 degree bin in latitude, all grids across swath J. Boutin & X. Yin, LOCEAN, Paris

41 Ocean salinity VALIDATION OF SMOS L2 PRODUCTS March 2010: comparison of SMOS data composite with 7296 in situ salinity values (Argo floats) ~0.5 psu 0.25 resolution by N. Reul, IFREMER, Brest

42 Amazon plume detected by SMOS N.Reul, Ifremer

43 SMOS status processors Level 1 - L1c and NRT processors are working very well - Continuous and consistent multi-months Level 1 data sets available - Geolocation and radiometric accuracies are within expectations - RFI is a challenge in some areas... but has been addressed successfully in Europe, characterisation and mitigation in processor baseline for reprocessing in 2011 (further to RFI flagging) - NRT data dissemination constantly improving, operational status reached Level 2 - Level 2 SM and OS processors continuously improving, ongoing calibration and validation activities supported by ESLs - For SM: first global maps derived - For OS: preliminary results show an accuracy of 0.5 psu at 25 km resolution for March 2010

44 SMOS data - status Ocean salinity Validation ongoing Three roughness models to be investigated roughness impact on OS retrieval Ocean target transformation = bias correction between measured and modelled Tb due to instrument and image reconstruction issues Centre versus edge of swath Land-sea contamination RFI Ascending versus descending orbits Soil moisture validation ongoing RFI

45 Calibration & validation activities and Science studies

46 Campaigns during 2010 Airborne campaigns ESA campaign similar to rehearsal campaign, validate L1 brightness temperature and L2 soil moisture retrieval with SkyVan, in May-June 2010 SW Australia Jeff Walker, University of Melbourne, campaign performed in Feb 2010 CAROLS: Combined Airborne Radio-instruments for Ocean and Land Studies, over South-West France and Bay of Biscay, funded by CNES over Valencia Anchor Site, funded by ESA; campaign from April to July 2010, with ATR Ground campaigns In-situ measurements and upscaling to SMOS pixel at individual PI sites in different areas of the globe (e.g. Sahel, Tibet, Duero, Oklahoma, etc)

47 ESA key validation sites for soil moisture Valencia Anchor Site, Spain Upper Danube Catchment, Germany - typical Mediterranean sparse vegetation - Typical temperate continental ecosystem; ecosystem, mainly bare soil and limited - Field measurements include three eddy vegetation; correlation towers for wind, H2O and CO2 and - the vegetation consists mainly of vineyards, 60 time delay reflection soil moisture probes for pine trees and shrubs and is thus continuous measurements. comparatively uniform with regard to hydrological parameters; ELBARA L-Band - the site is well instrumented and has beenradiometer ground based the location of other field campaigns. image E.Lopez Baeza Image A.Loew

48 Elbara versus SMOS at Sodankylä Elbara measurements at fixed 53 angle of incidence (mineral soil site) SMOS data selected representing the same range of incidence angles (48 58 ) Elbara observations depict the large diurnal change of T b between wet and dry snow cover conditions During late April snow on bogs and lakes within the SMOS pixel may not refreeze during the night anymore => small bias observed between SMOSand Elbara-derived Stokes I parameter Jouni Pulliainen

49 SMOS Validation and Retrieval Team Country Proposals Country Proposals France 7 Austria 1 US 6 China 1 Spain 5 Finland 1 Netherlands 3 Poland 1 Germany 3 Denmark 1 Canada 2 Uruguay 1 Australia 2 Japan 1 India 2 Brazil 1 Italy 2 Norway 1 UK 2 ECMWF 1 43 PIs from 19 countries Soil moisture test sites 30 proposals involving soil moisture 14 proposal involving ocean salinity Ocean salinity test sites 3 proposals involve soil moisture and ocean salinity 3 proposals involve brightness temperature only 1 proposal for calibration of geolocalisation biases

50 International Soil Moisture Network Data Base Five networks have been inventoried in detail for Phase I REMEDHUS SMOSMANIA OzNet (2) MESONET 50

51 SMOS science studies International Soil Moisture Network Study: provide in-situ soil moisture observations for validation of SMOS (and other satellite) data ECMWF Data Assimilation Study: assimilation of SMOS data into forecast models SMOS Sea Ice Study: L Band radiometry for sea ice retrievals SMALT: Soil moisture from altimetry Pol-Ice Campaign, Baltic Sea 2007 ESA internal support to science studies (~ 1M, including studies on river outflow and assimilation, hydrology feasibility studies (open call for ideas)) Research Fellows in ESTEC and ESRIN

52 How to get SMOS data All SMOS data are systematically processed into L1 and L2 products at the DPGS/ESAC Copy of data products is sent to LTA at Kiruna for long term archiving and cataloguing LTA also provides online access for the most recent products (rolling on-line archive) Registered users can obtain SMOS data products in two ways: 1. By subscribing to the systematic distribution of products ( subscription service ): all data products required by the user are made available via FTP, to be collected by the user, or 2. By searching the data product catalogue (EOLI) and submitting an order for selected archived products (limited to 20 products per orders). The catalogue also provides access (immediate download) to the most recent data through the rolling on-line archive at LTA Subscription (= your research project relies on a continuous and regular flow of data) L1 (A,B,C) and L2 data products 10 auxiliary data types submission of your full proposal through the EOPI portal ESA s Help Desk (EOHelp@eo.esa.int) will contact you to collect your data requirements and set-up the subscription for you. data delivery via pull from a FTP EOLI (= your research project relies on a one-off data ordering/ you need limited amount of data) L1 (B,C) and L2 data products (present and previous baseline) limited amount of auxiliary data types registration through the EOPI portal search entire SMOS data catalogue, order or download data directly (both limited access) ESA s Help Desk (EOHelp@eo.esa.int) will send notification where data can be collected.

53 SMOS Tools SMOS webpage earth.esa.int/smos - SMOS Data viewer ftp:// /smos/software/smosview/ Microscopic & detailed view for products and auxiliary data files Information on -SMOS Tool Box (BEAM) - Data quality, Enables products reading, and visualisation release dates and basic analysis of SMOS L1C & 2 products - Processors and relevant documentation - Instrument - SMOS Global configuration Mapping Tool (commissioning and routine) - Mission planning ftp:// /smos/software/gmt/ - Events (SVRT Macroscopic workshop view etc) for L1 and L2 Products - Available tools (Toolbox, Data viewer and others) - link - SMOS to CESBIO Comparison SMOS Tool blog ftp:// /smos/software/scot/ (to be delivered in the next weeks) Data access SCoT provides a Delta view for L1 Products - SMOS XML R/WAPI eopi.esa.int (proposal or registration) ftp:// /smos/software/xml_rw_api/ (catalogue) Library in C++ to read and write SMOS Products and auxiliary file Campaign data earth.esa.int/campaigns

54 Thank you for your attention!

55 Extra slides

56 NASA s SM and OS missions SMOS Aquarius Hydros/ SM Active & Passive Observational goal Soil moisture, Ocean salinity Ocean salinity Soil moisture Instrument L-Band interferometric radiometer L-Band radar and radiometer L-Band radar and radiometer Planned Launch 2009 Sprin /14 Mission duration 3 years 3 years 3 years Spatial resolution km km ~40 km Temporal coverage 1-3 days (2.5 days equatorial) Global 8 days at 100 km 1-2 Day Polar; 2-3 days equatorial Observational requirements SM: 4%, 50 km, 2.5 days OS: 0.1 psu, 200 km, 10 days 0.2 psu, 200 km, 8 days Complementary use of data & cross cal/val Aquarius: L-Band scatterometer to correct for surface roughness, better pixel by pixel accuracy but lower temporal and spatial resolution 4%, 40 km, 3 days HYDROS/SMAP: combined Hydros/SMOS data allow global SM with 1-2 days revisit; Hydros complements SMOS on freeze/thaw mapping, small-scale surface vegetation characterisation, SMOS provides multi-angle measurements to Hydros for greater precision, cal stability, sampling density etc