ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISSIONERS
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1 ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
2 Nanotechnology Yves Poullet, Professor at the Faculty of Law at the University of Namur (FUNDP) and Liège (Ulg), Belgium Peter Grutter, Professor at McGill University, Montreal ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
3 Peter Grutter Physics Department McGill University ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
4 Nanotechnology: The Challenge Of A New Frontier ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
5 Science Fiction: Convergence: GMO, AI & nano 7of 9 on Star Trek ÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS Doc Ock (Spiderman)
6 Nano sells! nanopants When nanopants attack Guess: Nano (yellow/pink patent) Nanocube ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
7 ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
8 Field Ion Microscopy of tungsten tip Imaging at 5.0 kv Manipulating at 6.0 kv ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS Grutter Group, McGill University
9 Field Ion Microscopy of tungsten tip Imaging at 5.0 kv Manipulating at 6.0 kv ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS Grutter Group, McGill University
10 Field Ion Microscopy of tungsten tip Imaging at 5.0 kv Manipulating at 6.0 kv ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS Grutter Group, McGill University
11 Field Ion Microscopy of tungsten tip Imaging at 5.0 kv Manipulating at 6.0 kv ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS Grutter Group, McGill University
12 Single atom on tungsten tip Imaged at 2.1 KV ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS Grutter Group, McGill University
13 Dynamics of tungsten tip: 30 frames per second field ion microscope movie ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS Anne-Sophie Lucier Grutter Group, McGill
14 IBM Research ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
15 How big is a nanometer? ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
16 nm ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
17 Nano: Renaissance Science! nm size solid state physics & engineering biology chemistry now! time ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
18 Definition of Nanoscience Nanoscience and Nanotechnology investigates and applies phenomena, systems and structures where: 1. At least one dimension l c is a few nm 2. The properties are qualitatively different because l < l c Condition 2 distinguishes nano from micro, macromolecular chemistry or biology ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
19 Small is different Scaling law ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
20 Small is different Breakdown of scaling Scaling law ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
21 Sub-micron is not nano! Nanotechnology on silicon products: Intel leads in production and research (Wall Street Journal) ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
22 What are Nanoscience and Nanotechnology? Nanoscience The study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at the atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale. Nanotechnology The design, characterization, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at the nanometer scale. Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies: Opportunities and Uncertainties. London: The Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering, ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
23 The Lycurgus Cup (glass; British Museum; 4 th century A. D.) When illuminated from outside, it appears green. However, when Illuminated from within the cup, it glows red. Red color is due to very small amounts of gold powder (about 40 parts per million) ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
24 The art of dying grey hair 4000 years ago Mixture of PbO and Ca(OH) 2 diluted in water to form a paste Reaction with amino acids in hair leads to the formation of PbS crystals ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS Centre de recherche et de restauration des Musées de France (NanoLetters 6, 2215 (2006))
25 What enables Nanoscience and Nanotechnology? New tools!!! ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
26 Scanning tunneling microscope: not just imaging! ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS Ultra high density (Library of Congress on a pin head) Ultra slow (needs life time of universe to write) Huge footprint (UHV 4K STM) D. Eigler, IBM Almaden
27 Major drivers of nanotechnology Economical sectors (1000 G$/year) - Optoelectronics - Microelectronics -Chemical industries - Materials - Medical and pharmaceuticals Scientific convergence - break down of traditional barriers New Tools - Experimental - Computational ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
28 Moore s Law Prediction in 1997 Source: Intel Corporation ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
29 Information storage: compund growth rate even faster! ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS Source: Information Storage Industry Consortium
30 The future of electronics Source: IMEC ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
31 Nanoelectronics: Carbon Nanotubes ÉE E 29 Carbon Nanotube Inter- and Intramolecular th 29e Confrence Logic Gates internationale des V. Derycke, R. Martel, J. Appenzeller, commissaires and Ph. Avouris* à la protection de la IBM Research DiVision, T. J. Watson Research Center th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
32 The Smallest Computer Inputs Circuit Outputs C O 3 = A + B + C B O 2 = (A * B) + (B * C) + (C * A) A O 1 = A * B * C Circuit Dimensions: 12 nm x 17 nm Made from 541 Carbon Monoxide Molecules ÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS A.J.Heinrich et al, Science 298, 1381 (2002)
33 Optoelectronics based on quantum dots Fiber optic based telecommunication system Self assembled quantum dots Laser wavelength determined by composition, spacing and thickness of layers ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
34 Assembly of elliptical resonators ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS Manoharan, Lutz, and Eigler, Nature 403, (2000)
35 Moving an atom in an elliptical resonator Manoharan, Lutz, and Eigler, Nature 403, (2000) ÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
36 Moving an atom in an elliptical resonator Manoharan, Lutz, and Eigler, Nature 403, (2000) ÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
37 Moving an atom in an elliptical resonator Manoharan, Lutz, and Eigler, Nature 403, (2000) ÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
38 Detection of Quantum Mirage Manoharan, Lutz, and Eigler, Nature 403, (2000) ÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
39 A molecular transistor ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
40 Beware of PowerPoint Science or Cartoon Engineering!!! ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
41 Nano materials in biomolecular detection Basis: size dependent emission color of ZnS capped CdSe nano particles High throughput multiplexed assays ( nano bar code ) Optical tracking on a cellular level with tagged CdSe quantum dots: which gene is active? ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
42 The Benefits of Nanotech: Nanoshell Cancer Therapy Gold Nanoshells Are biocompatible Small enough to pass through circulatory system silica core Easily attached to antibodies for specific cellular targeting Are strong absorbers of light in the near infrared, where light penetrates up to 7 cm into the human body gold shell nm diameter ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS Courtesy of Prof. Naomi Halas, Rice University
43 The Benefits of Nanotech: Nanoshell Cancer Therapy Near IR Diode Laser BALB/c mice innoculated with CT26.wt mouse colon carcinoma cells Systemically delivered pegylated nanoshells via tail vein injection 6 hrs post injection, tumors irradiated through skin with 4 W/cm nm diode laser for 3 min Tumor surface temp. monitored Tumor size monitored for 2 months Tumor size (mm 2 ) Laser + Nanoshells Laser, no Nanoshells Untreated Tumors % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Untreated 0% Day 0 Day 10 Days after tumor treatment ÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS % Surviving % surviving Laser + Nanoshells Laser, No Nanoshells Courtesy of Prof. Naomi Halas, Rice University
44 The Benefits of Nanotech: Nanofiber Regnerative Medicine Neural Progenitor Nanofibers REVERSAL OF PARALYSIS Nanofiber-stimulated re-growth of severed neurons in laboratory tests ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS Courtesy of commissaires Samuel Stupp, à Northwestern la protection de University la
45 There is indeed plenty of room at the bottom! Tremendous progress in understanding and creating nanometer-scale objects in the last 15 years Age of exploration and discovery The potential is staggering ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
46 Three Types of Nanotechnology Evolutionary Nanotechnology Historically larger technologies that have shrunk to the nanometer scale Revolutionary Nanotechnology New nanometer-scale technologies Natural Nanotechnology Naturally occurring functional nanometer-scale structures ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
47 Evolutionary Nanotechnology ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS Semiconductor Technology has become a Nanometer-Scale Technology
48 Evolutionary Nanotechnology Nanoparticulates in sunscreens and cosmetics ÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS Cosmetics have become a Nanometer-Scale Technology
49 Revolutionary Nanotechnology Carbon Nanotubes Nanotube single electron transistor Nanotube Transistor ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS NOT Gate
50 Natural Nanotechnology Flagella Motors of the Salmonella Bacteria ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
51 The Risk of Nanotech The REAL Risk: Utilizing nanotechnology without evaluating the consequences Example: The widespread introduction of nanoparticulates into the ecosphere when their toxicological impact is not known ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
52 How Shall We Make Wise Decisions About Nanotechnology? Eliminate Fantasies Understand Motivations Honestly Assess Risks & Benefits ÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
53 Some Social Aspects of Nanotechnology Nano Hysteria ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
54 Type 1 Nano Hysteria Greed Driven Irrational Exuberance Nanotechnology will transform everything Nanotechnology is The Next Big Thing FORBES/WOLFE Nanotech Weekly Insider by Josh Wolfe What is is wrong: The absence of of critical thought ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
55 Type 2 Nano Hysteria Fear Driven Irrational Paranoia The Gray Goo Scenario: Out of control self-replicating Molecular Assemblers or Nanobots Superweapon #3 What is is wrong: The absence of of critical thought ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
56 How Do We Know Something Is Safe? I Should think really Unless there should be smooth. is a think new this world sailing through out there ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
57 The Dilemma of Columbus It is virtually impossible to prove that something is absolutely safe How shall we proceed in a world filled with risk? ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
58 Are There Monsters? ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
59 Of Course! ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS And they are Hollywood Superstars
60 Finally when will nanotechnology make an impact? ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
61 Nanoscience -> Nanotechnology crystal ball gazing! New tools: Nanomaterials: Nanoelectronics: NOW 0-5 years years Nanobio/nanomed: years ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
62 Predicting the future ES ET DE LA VIE PRIVÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
63 Thanks to: 16 graduate students, 7 post doctoral fellows Supported by NSERC, FQRNT, CIAR, NanoQuebec CFI, IBM, U. Basel, GenomeQuebec, CIHR, James McGill Fellowship ÉE E 29 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY COMMISS
www.keithley.com 1 st Edition Nanotechnology Measurement Handbook A Guide to Electrical Measurements for Nanoscience Applications
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