DEVELOPING A CNG INFRASTRUCTURE LINING WITH THE FUTURE NEEDS MIDDLE EAST, NGV SUMMIT, 8 10 SEPTEMBER 2014, ABU DHABI, UAE

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1 DEVELOPING A CNG INFRASTRUCTURE LINING WITH THE FUTURE NEEDS MIDDLE EAST, NGV SUMMIT, 8 10 SEPTEMBER 2014, ABU DHABI, UAE Robbi R. Sukardi, MBA Chairman For the Association of CNG Indonesia Companies

2 CONTENTS HOW INDONESIA DEVELOPED ITS CNG INFRASTRUCTURE CNG for Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) CNG as a Virtual Pipeline Purpose CNG for Power Supply Storage CNG to Ship Natural Gas 1980 s Forward

INDONESIA NGV CHALLENGES New source (onshore vs. Off shore) Economics of scale size of the well In 2012, 30,5 mmscfd gas supply has been committed for the Transportation sector.

3 INDONESIA NGV CHALLENGES New source (onshore vs. Off shore) Economics of scale size of the well In 2012, 30,5 mmscfd gas supply has been committed for the Transportation sector. Availability of un-committed (uncontracted) gas source Prioritizing allocation of gas (i.e. for oil lifting, fertilizer, electricity, and strategic industrial) Energy Mix policy & strategy CNG mandatory vs alternative fuel Environmental reason Subsidy or No-Subsidy Well head gas characteristics Pricing Government Policy / Political Will Indonesia as an archipelago and mountainous terrain condition Economic of scale of the volume gas & location Price & term conditions Pricing Policy Gas Characteristics (pressure & quality) Compression ability (fast vs. slow fill) Location of the station Power supply availability Gas contract terms & pricing On-line or Daughter system Price deviation between CNG and petrol fuel as a major factor Sale price currency Units sale methods Escalation price policy Taxes policy A Emergency Response Team body should be establish Gas quality must be continuous monitor and report to the government C-kits must be wide spread available C-kit seller and bank/leasing as well insurance company must coordinate together Tax incentives Car manufacturers warrantee Vehicle manufacturers must be able to sell NGV at lower or at least at the same price with petrol run vehicles Regulation that will induce and provide benefit to the supply and demand side One regulatory body that specific manage, control, and monitor the NGV development Gas contract should be simple People are used to using petrol People thinks that CNG is not safe CNG Station must be widely available due to limited gas tank size that can be carried People are worried that CNG will damage the vehicle engine Massive and continuous NGV campaign is costly

4 COST OF OPERATING & MAINTENANCE CAPITAL EXPENDITURE COST TO BE DRECIATED CNG STATION DEVELOPMENT CONSIDERATION CHOICE & DESIGN OF THE CNG STATION Gas Supplier Inlet # of Stages for the Compressors Compressor Capacity According to your required parameters Availability of Power Electrical or Gas Engine Power Gas Quality Filtering & Gas Dryer Equipments Added Manufacturer Country Customs Taxes & Currency Exchange LAND AREA GOVERNMENT APPROVALS TERMS & CONDITION OF THE GAS SUPPLY Land Ownership Buy or Rent Size of Land According to your parameter requirment. Certification Must be accordance to a approve standards Local Government Licenses or Approval Cost of Gas from supplier Currency being used. Minimum Take or Pay & Maximum Surcharge Penalty Payment Terms & the basis of volume metering used OPERATIONAL & MAINTENANCE COST Power usage bill. Manpower & Labor Cost. Routine & Non-Routine Maintenance Cost. Loan Interest & Taxes Expenses.

Currency Exchange LAND AREA GOVERNMENT APPROVALS TERMS & CONDITION OF THE GAS SUPPLY Land Ownership Buy or Rent Size of Land According to your parameter requirment.

5 INDONESIA S NGV MARKET DEVELOPMENT + 13 million automobile vehicles with 10% annual growth sale + 83 million kilo liters annual fuel consumption + 60 % of the annual consumption consumed subsidized fuel Dual & Dedicate Converted Trucks Converted Industrial Forklifts + 1,500 State Own Company Vehicles 2015 PLAN FOR 700 CNG DUMP TRUCKS + 1,500 Small Public Passenger Vehicle + 1,500 CNG Dedicated Busses + 4,000 Bajaj today; 15,000 by Private Medium Size Sedan

+ 300 Converted Industrial Forklifts + 1,500 State Own Company Vehicles 2015 PLAN FOR 700 CNG DUMP TRUCKS + 1,500 Small

6 CNG AS A VIRTUAL PIPELINE PURPOSE

Mall Electric Generators $ 2- $4/mmbtu Apartments CNG as

7 DOWNSTREAM MIDSTREAM UPSTREAM THE VIRTUAL PIPELINE CHAIN + $6/mmbtu LNG $8 - $14/mmbtu $2 -$4/mmbtu $2 -$ 4/mmbtu Shopping Mall Electric Generators $ 2- $4/mmbtu Apartments CNG as another means of gas transportation aside from conventional pipeline and LNG

VIRTUAL PIPELINE KEY CONSIDERATIONS 1. Understand the Industrial Gas Requirements: Minimum quality of the gas acceptable Gas energy consumption rate per month, days, and hourly per cubic meters.

8 VIRTUAL PIPELINE KEY CONSIDERATIONS 1. Understand the Industrial Gas Requirements: Minimum quality of the gas acceptable Gas energy consumption rate per month, days, and hourly per cubic meters. The distance between the industrial customer to the CNG Mother Station. The traffic and road condition to the industrial customer from the CNG Mother Station. 2. Tailor made the CNG Equipment toward the Industrial Gas Requirements The CNG Cascade Storage and Pressure Reduction System must be tailored made toward the Industrial need and specific surrounding area to avoid miscalculation of an over investment or a too highly operating cost. Compression Capacity Kilometers distance and ease of traffic CNG Consume Time Filling Time interval [?] time Flow & Pressure Requirement [?] filling per day MOTHER STATION CNG CASCADE FILLING CNG CASCADE DOWNLOAD CUSTOMERS

Tailor made the CNG Equipment toward the Industrial Gas Requirements The CNG Cascade Storage and Pressure Reduction System must be tailored made toward the Industrial need and specific surrounding

9 VIRTUAL PIPELINE FOR INDUSTRIALS

10 CNG FOR NGV & AS THE VIRTUAL PIPELINE

11 CNG STATION ECONOMIC OF SCALE : Estimate Cost of Running Your Stations $0.50 $0.45 $0.40 $0.35 Target Sale Price at Mother Stations $0.30 $0.25 current average pipeline average cost $0.20 $0.15 $0.10 $0.05 $- With CNG bulk sale selling can reach your economies of scale of the CNG Station

25 current average pipeline average cost $0.20 $0.15 $0.10 $0.

12 DOMESTIC SALES CNG DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA INTRODUCTION GROWING MATURE DIMINSIHING PIPE GAS COAL LPG OIL CNG FUEL UNIT + KCAL/UNIT AVG. PRICE LNG KEROSENE Liter 8,840 $33/mmbtu DIESEL FUEL Liter 9,063 $29/mmbtu GASOLINE Liter 9,270 $28/mmbtu COAL ton 6,000 $4/mmbtu LPG Kg 11,200 $25/mmbtu LNG m3 10,000 $14/mmbtu NATURAL GAS (NG) m3 9,000 $10/mmbtu CNG (FOB Station) m3 8,800 $14/mmbtu CNG (CIF Factory) m3 8,800 $17/mmbtu

PRICE LNG KEROSENE Liter 8,840 $33/mmbtu DIESEL FUEL Liter 9,063 $29/mmbtu GASOLINE Liter 9,270 $28/mmbtu

13 DELIVERING CNG FOR INDUSTRIAL NEEDS

14 CNG FOR POWER SUPPLY GAS STORAGE

mmscfd CNG FOR POWER SUPPLY GAS STORAGE 200 180 160 140 120 Typical drawback of piped natural gas in Indonesia : Limited opportunity for swing rate Still not integrated

15 mmscfd CNG FOR POWER SUPPLY GAS STORAGE Typical drawback of piped natural gas in Indonesia : Limited opportunity for swing rate Still not integrated Gas reservoir decline earlier than what has been forecasted Baseloader Load Follower Peaker

Gas reservoir decline earlier than what has been forecasted 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3

16 CNG FOR SHIPPING NATURAL GAS

17 CNG TO SHIP NATURAL GAS

18 CNG TO SHIP NATURAL GAS Due to archipelago country and scattered marginal small demand within 2 to 5 MMSCFD, CNG is the most suited and efficient way to apply milk run of gas distribution in which trucking, and bargecontainerized CNG can be option to transport the gas.

and efficient way to apply milk run of gas distribution in which

Storage Barge Mounted (T&B) (will using Tug Boat for sailing) Self Propeler Barge (SPB) Landing Craft

19 CNG FOR SHIPPING NATURAL GAS Larger Volume and Long distance** CNG Marine by Type of Vesel Small Volume and Short Distance Coselle (Coil in Carausel) Votrans (Volume Optimized Transportation & Storage Barge Mounted (T&B) (will using Tug Boat for sailing) Self Propeler Barge (SPB) Landing Craft Transport (LCT) ** not available in the world, ship owner will build based on request and long term time charter

20 CNG FOR SHIPPING NATURAL GAS Using Coselle or Votrans type in this time being will be facing problem due to the un available CNG Receiving terminal for discharge the cargo besides very costly in investment. Cabotage Law (Should be Indonesia Flag for Domestic Shipping based on Indonesia Law) Tug & Barge, not recommended for this time being, because of Notation Class of Tug & Barge, for Dry Bulk not for shipment CNG ISO Tank. Tug & Barge, not allow for shipment CNG ISO tank because there is no Safety Protocol yet for shipment Dangerous Goods with Tug & Barge. Self Propeler Barge (SPB), will be costly, because time charter rate in the market higher than T&B also LCT. Current Solution: Using LCT is the best solution to shipment CNG ISO Tank, but the tank should be on trailler as mandatory regulation in maritime for LCT. No need state of the art or receiving terminal or special port, LCT can berthing as long as the port allow for open the LCT ramp door and manuveuring truck for load & un load the cargo Available in Indonesia and most of O&G offshore activity utilize this type of vesel, therefore fast track to mobilize.

Cabotage Law (Should be Indonesia Flag for Domestic Shipping based on Indonesia Law) Tug & Barge, not recommended for this time being, because of Notation Class of Tug & Barge, for Dry Bulk not for

21 Small Size: CNG FOR SHIPPING NATURAL GAS Can be shipment maximum ±7 unit of CNG ISO Tank (Tube Skid) with 40ft size include the traller Large Size: Can be shipment maximum ±22 unit of CNG ISO Tank (Tube Skid) with 40ft size include the trailler Sample of Stowage Plan for ±7 CNG Container s

should be in 2000 mmbtu per shipment to get the suitable cost per mmbtu for shipping

22 CNG FOR SHIPPING NATURAL GAS LCT time charter rate in the Indonesia market will not linier, the rate will hyperbolic Therefore, the suggestion of minimum volume of CNG should be in 2000 mmbtu per shipment to get the suitable cost per mmbtu for shipping (USD 3.5 USD 4.5 per mmbtu, depend on the nautical miles distances) Fix-Var Shipment Cost Chart

23 THANK YOU THANK YOU website: ;

24 APCNGI 2014 MEMBERS

25 THE VIRTUAL PIPELINE INDUSTRY CNG STATION AREA OF OPERATION

Marine Transportation of Compressed Natural Gas

Marine Transportation of Compressed Natural Gas Omid Shakeri, Aghil Barati Iranian Fuel Conservation Organization (IFCO), September 26-27, 2009, The 3rd Iran Gas Forum Introduction Natural gas is rapidly