Crowley LNG. Puget Sound Harbor Safety Committee June 3 rd, Matthew Sievert Director Business Development LNG

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1 Crowley LNG Puget Sound Harbor Safety Committee June 3 rd, 2015 Matthew Sievert Director Business Development LNG

2 Company Profile Crowley was founded in Largest US Jones Act Co. Focusing on Marine Solutions, Transportation and Logistics. Assets include terminals, warehouses, tank farms, office buildings, trucks, trailers, containers, chassis, cranes and other specialized vehicles.

Assets include terminals, warehouses, tank farms, office buildings,

3 Crowley s Global Services Shipping and Logistics Alaska Fuel Sales and Distribution Petroleum and Chemical Transportation Marine Salvage, Wreck Removal and Emergency Response Harbor Ship Assist and Tanker Escort Solutions (Project Management) Ocean Towing and Barge Transportation Vessel Design and Construction Management Ship Management LNG Supply, Transportation & Distribution

Assist and Tanker Escort Solutions (Project Management) Ocean Towing and Barge Transportation

4 What is LNG? Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) - Primarily methane (CH4) that has been converted to a liquid form for ease of Storage and Transport. o o o o Clear, Odorless, Non-Toxic, slow to boil off Stored at atmospheric pressure/low temp minus 260 degrees F Liquefaction process reduces product 600 times Cryogenic thermally insulated/low pressure tanks

5 Flammability Range LNG is not flammable vaporize w air to burn Lighter than air dissipate vertically Mixture of 5 15% with air o Will not burn richer or leaner Higher concentration of vapor is required for ignition of methane vs. other fuels o LFL for diesel is 0.4% in air o LFL for unleaded gasoline is 1.3% o LFL for propane is 2.1% o LFL for methane is 5%

concentration of vapor is required for ignition of methane vs.

6 Auto-ignition Temp is higher than Diesel & Gasoline Without a hot spark, methane will not spontaneously combust unless exposed to a heat source over 1004F (540C)

7 LNG BTU Content

8 Composition of LNG

9 LNG Value Chain

10 Safety Training & Safety cultural are essential Cryogenic liquids are extremely cold o Any contact with carbon steel will lead to brittle fracture o Can cause severe frostbite (Thermal Burn) o Non toxic but displaces air (Asphyxiation) o Expansion properties Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) LNG Safety Record in Marine Environment o o Over 135,000 LNG carrier voyages w no major accidents at port or sea EU Funded Study LNG Master Plan Rhine-Main-Danube Emergency and Incident response study guidelines for LNG use in European Ports and Inland waters

Marine Environment o o Over 135,000 LNG carrier voyages w no major accidents at port or sea EU Funded Study LNG Master Plan Rhine-Main-Danube Emergency and

11 Why LNG Growth? Supply Green Fuel Cost Effective

12 US Domestic Supply US NG is abundant, available and affordable o Horizontal Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing o US Gas Reserves increasing due to Shale development o Shale reserves nearly a century of supply for US o Paradigm shift to shale gas, now 25% of US supply and the future at 50% o US becomes a Net Exporter of NG ~2020 as production outpaces demand Source: EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2012 ; American Clean Skies Foundation 12

for US o Paradigm shift to shale gas, now 25% of US supply and the future at 50% o US becomes a Net Exporter

13 LNG Provides Significant Emission Reductions Natural gas compared to gasoline or diesel Clean Burning Fuel Reduce CO 2 emissions 20-30% Reduce CO emissions 70-90% Reduce NOx emissions 75-95% Reduce Particulate Matter emissions 90% Reduce VOC emissions 89%

emissions 20-30% Reduce CO emissions 70-90% Reduce NOx

14 Green Fuel North American Emission Control Area Applies to any vessel operating within 200 nautical mile of US coast Sulphur content of fuel oil < 0.10% m/m

15 LNG Price Stability 15

16 The Growth of LNG Supply and Infrastructure Maturity Infancy Limited supply options and limited vessel demand Single LNG supply point per market Shore bunkering directly from LNG tanker trucks Bunker vessel acting as floating storage Adolescence Limited supply options and larger vessels demand Two or few LNG supply points Shore side bunkering via dedicated LNG on-site storage facilities Bunker vessel Multiple supply options and large vessel demand Multiple LNG supply points LNG Production at port Large port storage capacity Larger vessel fuel demand Vessel to vessel bunkering

demand Two or few LNG supply points Shore side bunkering via dedicated LNG on-site storage facilities Bunker vessel Multiple supply options and

17 Proposed LNG Export Facilities 17

18 Marine Market for LNG 60,000+ Ocean Arrivals per Year 6,000+ Inland Workboats 4,300+ Cruise Arrivals per Year 3,500+ Great Lake Arrivals per Year

19 Crowley and LNG Mission: To offer supply chain solutions for the safe and reliable delivery of LNG o LNG Vessel Design & Construction Mgt. o Transportation and Logistics o Product Supply, Sales and Distribution o Full Scale Marine Solutions

20 Carib Energy LNG to the Caribbean and Central America LNG Supply and Distribution Delivery via ISO tank or bulk vessel DOE export license - FTA Technical Expertise & Management 20

21 Carib Energy Moving LNG to Puerto Rico Trussville Macon Jacksonville San Juan

22 ISO Tanks, Storage and Regas

23 Crowley Liner Service LNG-Powered ConRo Ships Introducing Crowley s newest Commitment Class vessels, some of the first liquefied natural gas (LNG)-powered, combination container and Roll-On/Roll-Off (ConRo) ships in the world, designed especially for service between the United States and Puerto Rico. Main Dimensions Length m Depth 32.2 m Draft 18.0 m Deadweight 26,500 t TEU Capacity 2,400 TEUs Reefer Capacity 300 plugs Vehicles capacity 400 Speed 22 knots

24 Crowley Petroleum Service LNG Ready Tankers New Crowley Tankers to Be LNG-Ready August 17, 2013 Four for Sure, Possibly Eight Ships by Aker Philadelphia Crowley Maritime says it s contracted with Aker Philadelphia Shipyard for as many as eight new petroleum tankers for delivery between 2015 and the end of 2017, and that someday they could be fueled with liquefied natural gas. Main Dimensions Length Beam Depth Draft, design Draft, scantling Deadweight, design Deadweight, scantling Speed at 11.0 m m 32.2 m 19.1 m 11.0 m 13.3 m 39,500 t 51,500 t 14.5 knots

25 Harbor Tugs and Bunker Barges Bunker Barge Vessel bunkering Floating Storage LNG Capacity: 500 M3-1,000 M3 Harbor Escort/Assist Tugs Several designs underway Harbor and tug assists

26 LNG Bulk Transport Designs ATB and Vessel Transport o LNG Capacity: 2,000-30,000 M3 o Purpose o Ship-to-ship transfer o Ship-to-shore transfer o Vessel bunkering o Markets o US Jones Act Coastal o AK & PNW o Smaller International Countries

27 Summary LNG as marine and land based fuel is here Challenges exist in supply and distribution network Supply chains and infrastructure are growing Training and Safety Culture are essential Crowley Leading the Way

28 Thank You Matthew Sievert Director Business Development

US Shipbuilding and LNG JECKU TEM. Tom Wetherald

US Shipbuilding and LNG JECKU TEM Tom Wetherald US Coastwise Fleet Distribution Oceangoing Vessels Product Tanker Crude Carrier Containership 31 vessels in service 11 vessels in service 27 vessels in service