Global Human Resource Programs Development in ASEAN

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1 Global Human Resource Programs Development in ASEAN Highly-specialized professionals in Agriculture and Food Science Prof. Ryo Akashi University of Miyazaki, Japan

2 History of human resource development in Japanese company Manufacturing (Monozukuri) is about developing people. (モノづくりは 人 づくり:Sakich Toyota) Business is people. ( 事 業 は 人 なり:Konosuke Matsushita )

3 Human resource development were learned from Japanese cartoon 朝 日 ソノラマ 講 談 社 KONAMI

4 ASEAN Community (2015) 1. ASEAN Security Community (ASC) 2. ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) 3. ASEAN Social and Culture Community (ASCC) ASEAN University Network (AUN) Southeast Asian Ministers of Organization Regional Center for Higher Education and Development (SEAMEO-RIHED) ASEAN International Mobility for Students Program (AIMS)

5 ASEAN consortium in genetic resources Campus Asia in GR Collective Action for Mobility Program of University Students in genetic resource program By 2016 Establishment of genetic resources research center in ASEAN By 2018 Campus Asia in GR (One Asia) By 2014 Establishment of program on genetic resources in ASEAN

6 Genetic Resource Ⅰ Genetic resource I. Genetic resource Genetic resources are, according to the international convention for biodiversity, living material that includes genes of present and potential value for humans. Plant genetic resources includes all our agricultural crops and even some of their wild relatives because they too often have valuable traits. II. Germplasm Ⅱ Germplasm A germplasm is a collection of genetic resources for an organism. For plants, the germplasm may be stored as a seed collection or, for trees, in a nursery. III. BioResource For agriculture resources Ⅲ 3 Ⅱ BioResource Plant varieties include in genetic resource A bioresource is a resource that is living in some way. Animals and vegetables grown for food could be considered bioresources, as could plants grown for energy needs. However our bioresources are a collection and conservation of genetic resources for basic research in life science fields.

7 The Causes of Plant Genetic Diversity Loss The kind of artificial and natural changes that may lead to loss of genetic diversity or genetic erosion may be broadly grouped under the following headings. - Genetic Diversity Genetic diversity, the level of biodiversity, refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. It is distinguished from genetic variability, which describes the tendency of genetic characteristics to vary. The interdependence between genetic and biological diversity is delicate. Changes in biological diversity lead to changes in the environment, leading to adaptation of the remaining species. Changes in genetic diversity, such as in loss of species, leads. to a loss of biological diversity. - Genetic Erosion Genetic erosion in agricultural and livestock biodiversity is the loss of genetic diversity, including the loss of individual genes, and the loss of particular combination of genes (or gene complexes) such as those manifested in locally adapted landraces of domesticated animals or plants adapted to the natural environment in which they originated. The major driving forces behind genetic erosion in crops are: variety replacement, land clearing, overexploitation of species, population pressure, environmental degradation, overgrazing, policy and changing agricultural systems. The main factor, however, is the replacement of local varieties of domestic plants and animals by high yielding or exotic varieties or species. A large number of varieties can also often be dramatically reduced when commercial varieties (including GMOs) are introduced into traditional farming systems. Original by CIMMYT

8 Plant Breeder s Right and Plant Patents - Potential of Genetic Resources PGR continue to play an important role in the development of agriculture. Genetic material of plants which is of value as a resources for the present and future generations of people. These can be classified in seven different groups. Primitive forms of cultivated plants and land races Modern cultivars and obsolete (unused) cultivars Breeding lines and genetic stocks Weed races Related wild species and other wild species - Plant breeder s Right Plant breeder found a special characteristic of plant genetic resources. Plant breeder has done very well for producing varieties. The colleague and company have done very well too. The company that developed the varieties spend a lot of money. At least the company need to monopolize the varieties for a certain period. - UPOV UPOV was established by the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. The Convention was adopted in Paris in 1961 and revised in 1972, 1978 and The objective of the Convention is the protection of new varieties of plants by an intellectual property right. By codifying intellectual property for plant breeders, UPOV aims to encourage the development of new varieties of plants for the benefit of society. - What kind of plants for UPOV? At the date on which it becomes bound by this convention, to all plant genera and species to which it applies.

9 National BioResource Project in Japan NBRP The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) has conducted the first and second terms of the National BioResource Project (NBRP) from FY 2002 to FY 2011 to comprehensively promote life sciences. The major purpose of this project is to collect, preserve, and provide bioresources (such as experimental animals and plants) that are essential experimental materials for life sciences research. The project also aims to improve the bioresources by increasing the value of bioresources through enriching genome information and developing fundamental technologies for preservation and other necessary procedures, in order to meet to the current scientific demands. In addition, reinforcement of functions of the information center is included in the project to enhance dissemination 3 of the information regarding the whereabouts and biological characteristics of bioresources. Project General Outline 1) Core facility upgrading program 2) Genome information upgrading program 3) Fundamental technology upgrading program 4) Information center upgrading program

10 Genetic resources in agriculture preserving the diversity The conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources in agriculture are essential to the sustainable development of agricultural production and of rural areas. The education of genetic resources program on the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture promotes genetic diversity and the exchange of information between both country. It also facilitates co-ordination in the field of international undertakings on genetic resources. And we can understand at Plant Variety Protection system. At first Collection Conservation Characterization (Triple C) Research and Education Program in Genetic Resources

11 Summer Program in University of Miyazaki 3

12 1 Research and Education in Genetic Resources National BioResource Project Genetic Resource Curator 3

13 International Distribution of the Educational Curriculum for Genetic Resources International Management Procedure of the Curriculum Developed by University of Miyazaki and Kyoto Institute of Technology Core%curriculum% Program%for%Gene1c%Resource%Educa1on% and%development International Distribution of the Educational Curriculum for Genetic Resources (April 2010 March 2015) Support and administration Guarantee of the curriculum quality Kyoto Institute of Technology Cooperation Support Kasetsart University Faculty Educate by younger faculties Curriculum Alliance Publicity activities Registration rate of the curriculum 25% (15/60) Certified rate 90% 2009 University of Miyazaki Main office Faculty Teach the curriculum Training Support Satellite support office ICT (web site, video conference system, video podcast...) Satellite support office Students Construct a continuous support system by using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Faculty Taught by younger faculty Faculty Training Students Educate local younger members of the faculty Sunchon National University This project, with the objective of training internationally special curators in biogenetic resources, aims to provide education opportunities and improve systems that will achieve. In partnership with education and research institutes overseas, internationally minded human resources familiar with the scientific handling and the handling in compliance with the collection and conservation on Biological Diversity and other involved laws of biogenetic resources in the field of environment will be educated.

14 Laboratory work and each classes Genetic Bioresources Practice and train methodologies I -Laboratory- Classification Diversity Transformation Observation Genetics Particle bombardment Some plants Medaka Medaka Bahia grass Nucleotide sequence Genome size Some plants Lotus spp. Microsatellite Zoysia spp. Practice and train methodologies II -Field- Bioinformatics Role of genetic resources in Society

15 1 Practice and Train Methodologies - Laboratory work - 3 Keywords: Observation, Phenotyping, Genotyping, Polymorphism, Genome size, Transformation

16 ICT and digital contents -hardware- Multiple monitor system in practice room Multiple PC monitoring and administrating system in bioinformatics

17 Attending certification

18 Homepage in Genetic Resource Program

19 Special Course for International Program Graduate Education for Global Society The students graduated master course are active in various areas of the world ICA International Course of Agriculture Environmentally sound biological production Integrated control of animals and plants Conservation and utilization of biological genetic resources This program will start from 2014 Spring

20 International Course of Agriculture in Miyazaki University Gradational Units Lecture Practice Thesis Doctor Degree Master Degree Bachelor Degree

21 Genetic resource education and research in one Asia Genetic resources curator program 2006 Genetic resources Triple C project Collection Conservation Characterization Educational program Research Date base Bioinformatics program

22 Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization < Planning in 2014 > <Project name> Educational programs for conservation and utilization of genetic resources, and global environmental improvement for the preservation of genetic diversity <Acceptance and dispatch on students> 25 Japanese students from UOM 25 ASEAN students from 6 University in Asia <University cooperation> Kasetsart University (A), Gadjah Mada University (A), Bogor Agricultural University (A), Hanoi Agriculture University (A), Bandung Institute of Technology (E), Central Luzon State University (A, E) <Credit in program> credits including Japanese culture, basic specialized subject, Lab. training and Lab. Research etc. <Duration of students> One semester (4-6 months)

23 University of Miyazaki Bangkok Office in Kasetsart University

24 Human Resource Development of Food Science in ASEAN Countries Science of Food Materials Food Functionality Food Science and Technology Japanese Food Culture Fermented Food Product in Japan

25 The Cooking and Food culture on Japanese Cartoon

26 Thank you for your attention Ryo Akashi Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Japan