Tinutul Secuiesc Székelyföld Seklerland

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1 Tinutul Secuiesc Székelyföld Seklerland 1

2 Romania - general information Official name: Romania Official language: Romanian. Geographical position: Romania is located in South Eastern Europe and borders Ukraine (in the North and East), the Republic of Moldavie (in the East), Hungary (in the West and North West), Serbia (in the South West) and Bulgaria (in the South). The country has a surface area of 238,391 km2. Flag: Blue, yellow and red in vertical stripes, arranged from left to roght respectively. Government: Bicameral parliamentary republic. European Status: Member of the European Union since 1 January Population: 21,733,556 inhabitants (2003), of whom 89% are Romanian. The principal minorities include Hungarians and Szeklers (Secui) (7.1%) and Roma (1.7%). Religions: Christian-Orthodox (86.8%), Catholic (5%), Graeco-Catholic (1%), Protestant (3.5%). Capital: Bucharest (2,064,000 inhabitants), first historical mention in Time zone: GMT +3 hours in summertime (from the last Sunday of March to the last Sunday of October), and GMT +2 hours for the rest of the year. Climate: Temperate continental. The average summer temperature is between 22 and 24 C, although maximum temperatures can reach 38 C. In winter, the average temperature is tipically below -3 C. Units of Measurement: Metric. 1 km=0.62 miles. National currency: LEU (plural: Lei). 1 Leu=100 Bani. Currently circulating banknotes: 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 Lei. Currently circulating coins: 1, 5, 10 and 50 Bani. Currency exchange: at banks and exchange offices in hotels, airports, railway stations, supermarkets and on main urban thoroughfares. Avoid changing money at unauthorised locations. Credit cards: Larger hotels, restaurants, shops and supermarkets in the major towns and cities typically accept credit cards (American Express, Master Card, Diners Club and Visa). The number of outlets accepting cards is increasing rapidly. Emergency Phone Number: 112 (throughout the country) Official Public Holidays: 1 December Romanian National Day, 1 and 2 January New Year, 1 May Labour Day, the first and the second day of Easter, 25 and 26 December Christmas. Publishers: Covasna County Council Harghita County Council Mures County Council Project editor: Nagy Balázs Design and layout: Kopacz Attila Photo by: Ádám Gyula, Asociația de Innovare și Icubare în Afaceri Harghita, Henning János, Hlavathy Károly, Siklódi Zsolt, Kovács Árpád, Kósa Ferenc, Kovács László Attila, Nagy Zsombor, Mihailă Alexandru, Muzeul Haszmann Pál Cernat, Plájás Betty, Plájás István, Pop Pál, Vargyasi Levente 2009

3 Tinutul Secuiesc este o regiune istorico-etnografică din centrul României, bine delimitată. În cele mai vechi documente, regiunea figurează sub denumirile Terra Siculorum şi Regnum Siculorum. În perioada , Ţinutul Secuiesc istoric reunea cinci scaune secuieşti Scaunul Odorheiului, Scaunul Ciucului, Trei Scaune, Scaunul Mureşului şi Scaunul Arieşului. În 1876, în locul scaunelor secuieşti au fost organizate comitate. Între , odată cu reorganizarea administrativ-teritorială a României, în locul comitatelor s-a constituit Regiunea Autonomă Maghiară, care, după un deceniu de existenţă, şi-a schimbat denumirea în Regiunea Mureş Autonomă Maghiară. Astăzi, Ţinutul Secuiesc include judeţele Harghita şi Covasna, precum şi o parte din judeţul Mureş, cu populaţie maghiară majoritară. Din punct de vedere etnic, secuii sunt maghiari, dar cu o conştiinţă istorică aparte, cu specificităţi etnografice şi de dialect, declarându-se, de regulă, maghiari, fiind vorbitori de limba maghiară. Cultura lor populară a păstrat substraturi arhaice care se regăsesc în tradiţii, în poezia şi arta populară. Muntele sacru al secuilor este masivul Harghita, vârful cel mai înalt având 1801m. Peste tot în zonă, în faţa călătorului se deschid privelişti spectaculoase, cu aşezări rustice ce se ascund la poalele Munţilor Harghita, staţiuni balneare cochete, pârtii de schi şi staţiuni turistice. Székelyföld Románia középső részének jól körülhatárolható történeti-néprajzi tájegysége. Régi oklevelekben Terra Siculo-rum és Regnum Siculorum néven szerepel. A történelmi Székelyföld től öt széket foglalt magában: Udvarhely-, Csík-, Maros-, Aranyos- és Háromszéket ban a székek helyén vármegyéket szerveztek és 1960 között Románián belül a Magyar Autonóm Tartományt, majd a Maros Magyar Autonóm Tartományt alkotta. Ma Hargita és Kovászna megye, valamint Maros megye többségében magyarok lakta részét jelenti. A székelyek a magyarság egyik, különleges történelmi tudattal, nyelvjárási és néprajzi sajátosságokkal rendelkező csoportja. Többségük magyarnak vallja magát. Gazdag népköltészetük, népművészetük és háziipari hagyományuk van. A székelyek szent hegye a Hargita, melynek legmagasabb pontja 1801 m. A természeti látványosságokban bővelkedő hegység keleti és nyugati előterében vendégszerető falvak, gyógyfürdők, sípályák és üdülőközpontok várják az ide érkezőket. Seklerland is a well-defined historical and ethnographical area of the central region of Romania. In old Latin documents it was written about as Terra Siculorum and Regnum Siculorum. Between 1437 and 1876 the historical Seklerland was formed of five districts: Udvarhelyszék, Csikszék, Háromszék, Marosszék and Aranyosszék. In 1876 some counties were established on their territories. Between 1952 and 1960 it formed the Autonomous Hungarian Province then the Maros Autonomous Hungarian Province within the territory of Romania. Nowadays it refers to the territories of Hargita and Kovászna counties as well as to those parts of Maros County, which are mainly inhabited by Hungarian population. From an ethnical point of view, the Seklers represent a group of population, whose members possess special historical consciousness as well as linguistic and ethnographical features. On the grounds of the spoken language, the vast majority of them consider themselves Hungarians, as it has been declared at national census. The folk art and culture of the Seklers populating the south-eastern part of Transylvania have preserved archaic layers. They have rich folk literature, art and household traditions. The Seklers`sacred mountain is the Hargita, whose highest peak is of 1801 m. In the eastern and western foregrounds of the mountain, rich in natural sights, there are hospitable villages, spas, ski slopes and resorts, waiting for the guests`arrival. 3

4 Tinutul Secuiesc este cunoscut şi ca un tărâm al legendelor. Populaţia de aici păst rează numeroase legende despre origini despre formarea lacurilor şi ridicarea cetăţilor, despre munţi, izvoare, stânci şi copaci seculari. Pădurile ascund taine iar pietrele vorbesc de vremuri apuse. Dintre toate locurile de legendă, cel mai frumos şi mai vizitat rămâne lacul Sfânta Ana cu ale sale misterioase împrejurimi. Situat în Masivul Ciomatu Mare, Sfânta Ana este singurul lac din Europa aşezat într-un crater vulcanic, care s-a păstrat intact. Format la o altitudine de 946 m, lacul are o lungime de 620m, o circumferinţă de 1737m şi o adâncime maximă de 7m. Lacul Mohos s-a format în conul mai înalt al vulcanului, la 1050 m. Tot micşorându-şi suprafaţa, locul s-a transformat încetul cu încetul într-o adevărată mlaştina alpină, presărată astăzi doar cu câteva mici lacuri. În această zonă pot fi admirate diverse plante carnivore, printre care şi Drosera rotundofolia. Imensele păduri din zona Carpaţilor de Curbură adăpostesc animale sălbatice rare şi ocrotite de lege, cum ar fi ursul brun carpatin ( Ursus arctos arctos), râsul (Lynx lynx carpatica) şi lupul cenuşiu (Canis lupus). 4

5 Székelyföld Seklerland a legendák földje. E táj népe legendákat őriz tavak kialakulásáról, várakról, hegyekről, forrásokról, sziklákról, évszázados fákról. Titkot rejtenek az erdők, régmúlt időkról beszélnek a kövek. Legendás helyeink egyik legszebbikke a Szent Anna-tó és környéke. A Csomád-hegycsoportban fekvő Szent Anna-tó Európa egyetlen nagy méretű, épen maradt krátertava. Tengerszint feletti magassága 946 m, kerülete 1737 m, legnagyobb mélysége 7 m. A Mohos-tó a vulkáni tölcsér magasabbik (1050 m) területén alakult ki. Itt Románia egyik legértékesebb és legnagyobb havasi tőzeglápja fogadja a látogatókat. Az egykori összefüggő vízfelületből mára csak tószemek maradtak. Növényritkaságai közé tartozik a rovarevő kereklevelű harmatfű (Drosera otundofolia). A Keleti-Kárpátok kanyarulatában fekvő régió kiterjedt erdőségei ritka és védettséget élvező vadállatoknak adnak otthont. Ilyenek a kárpáti barnamedve (Ursus arctos arctos), a hiúz (Lynx lynx carpatica) és a szürke farkas (Canis lupus). is the land of legends. The population of this region preserves legends about the formation of its lakes, fortresses, mountains, springs, cliffs and secular trees. Old secrets are hidden by dense forests, stones speak about ancient times. One of our most beautiful legendary places is Lake Saint Anna and its surroundings. The lake situated in the Csomád Mountains is the only large, well-preserved crater-lake in Europe. It lies at an altitude of 946 m above sea level, its circumference is 1737 m, and its maximum depth is 7 m. Lake Mohos was formed on the highest territory of the volcanic crater (1050 m). Here visitors can see one of the biggest and most valuable alpine turf bogs in Romania. Instead of the once continuous water surface there are only small lakes nowadays there. From among its rare plants the insectivore Drosera rotundofolia can be mentioned. The extensive forests in the region stretching in the curves of the Eastern Carpathians give home to rare and protected species of animals such as the brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos), the lynx (Lynx lynx carpatica) and the grey wolf (Canis lupus). 5

6 Baile Tusnad Situată la o altitudine de 650m, în partea sudică a Depresiunii Ciucului, între munţii Harghita şi Bodoc, într-un splendid defileu al Oltului, este cea mai mică staţiune balneară din ţară care a fost fondată pe la mijlocul secolului al XIX -lea. Staţiunea de renume european a fost declarată oraş în Climatul subalpin, aerul puternic ozonat, bogat în aerosoli şi ioni negativi fac ca staţiunea să dispună de un bioclimat tonic, favorabil reconfortării psihice și fizice. Staţiunea dispune de bază de tratament, unde se efectuează băi carbogazoase calde, îmachetări cu parafină, hidroterapii şi fizioterapii, gimnastică medicală, electroterapie. În staţiune se găsesc izvoare de ape minerale, mezotermale şi mofete fiind recomandată pentru tratamentul bolilor cardiovasculare, afecţiuni urologice şi a sistemului nervos. Se pot trata afecţiuni digestive, gastrite hipoacide, precum si hepato-colecistite cronice, boli metabolice şi neuro-endocrine. Băile sunt recomandate în afecţiuni cardiovasculare, tulburări de circulaţie, reumatice si nevroză astenică sau de suprasolicitare precum şi bolile ale aparatului locomotor. Începând din 1992, este gazda Universității de vară și a taberei studențești Tusványos care se organizează în luna iulie și fiind unul din cele mai prestigioase evenimente din Transilvania. 6

7 Tusnadfürdo Baile Tusnad A Hargita megyét déli irányban Kovászna megyével összekötő főút mentén, az Olt folyó szorosában fekvő nemzetközi jellegű gyógyhely és klimatikus üdülőhely a Szent Anna-tavat is rejtő Csomád-hegycsoport (1301 m) nyugati előterében alakult ki a 19. század második felében. Ásványvizeinek és gyógyfürdőjének köszönhetően 1968-ban várossá nyilvánították. A kis fürdőtelep hegyaljai klímája, negatív ionokban gazdag levegője, a lebilincselő táj már önmagában gazdag turisztikai tényező. Ehhez társul a változatos vegyi összetételű ásványvizek és a széndioxidos gázfürdők (mofetták) gyógyító hatása. A helyi kezelőbázisokban mozgásterápiára és gyógytornára, hidrotermoterápiára, víz alatti tornára, elektroterápiáára és masszázsterápiára van lehetőség. Tusnádfürdő a neurózisban, a szív- és érrendszeri-, a gyomor-, bél- és mozgásszervi bántalmakban, valamint a belső elválasztású mirigyek betegségeiben szenvedőknek kínál gyógyulási lehetőséget óta a település minden júliusban rangos nemzetközi nyári szabadegyetemnek és diáktábornak ad otthont. The health resort was formed in the second half of the 19th century in the western foreground of the Csomad Mountain (1301 m), where visitors can also see Lake Szent Anna. More precisely, it is located in the strait of the Olt River, along the highway which links Kovaszna County and the southern border of Hargita County. Due to its mineral water springs and medicinal baths it obtained its town rank in Its sub-alpine climate, the air rich in negative ions, and its breathtaking views are significant tourist factors. In addition, there are several mineral water springs of a rich chemical variety, and lots of mofettas (therapy with a mixture of gases whose most important component is carbon dioxide), which all have a significant healing effect. There are many curing opportunities such as kinetic therapy, physiotherapy, hydro thermotherapy, aqua gymnastics, electrotherapy and massage therapy. Tusnadfurdo is highly recommended for disorders of the nervous and vascular system, different heart diseases, disorders of the digestive systems as well as for different glandular disorders. Since 1992 the settlement gives home to important summer student camps and international summer university in July every year. 7

8 MIERCUREA CIUC Reşedinţa judeţului Harghita este citadela sporturilor de iarnă. Echipa de hochei pe gheaţă, ce activează de mai bine de opt decenii, este multiplă campioană naţională. Staţiunea Băile Harghita, situată la câţiva kilometri de oraş, îi aşteaptă pe iubitorii sporturilor de iarnă mereu pregătită cu mai multe pârtii de schi. Tot aici se organizează cel mai important eveniment sportiv internaţional de vară, Turul Ciclist al Ţinutului Secuiesc. De trei decenii, se organizează anual Festivalul de Muzică Veche, în curtea Cetăţii Mikó (Muzeul Secuiesc al Ciucului). Ansamblul Naţional Secuiesc Harghita este o formaţie de dans profesionist, scopul activităţii sale fiind salvarea şi promovarea folclorului muzical şi coregrafic maghiar din zonă, dar şi din Romînia. Localitatea Şumuleu este consemnată pe harta turistică şi prin celebra sărbătoare anuală a portului şi obiceiurilor secuieşti, Festivalul celor 1000 de Fete, unde an de an se întâlnesc tradiţiile populare specifice Ţinutului, iar din anul 2001, în cadrul Zilelor oraşului, se organizează Festivalul cartofului. Csíkszereda Hargita megye központja, a téli sportok fellegvára. A nyolc évtizedes múltra visszatekintő helybeli jégkorong csapat többszörös román bajnok. A városhoz tartozó Hargitafürdő sípályáival várja a téli sportok kedvelőit. Itt szevezik meg a térség legrangosabb nyári nemzetközi sporteseményét, a székelyföldi kerékpáros körversenyt. 8

9 Három évtizedes múltra tekint vissza a Mikó vár (Csíki Székely Múzeum) udvarán megtartott Régizene Fesztivál. A térség és a tágabb értelemben vett romániai magyarság folklórkincsének meg népi hagyományainak megőrzését és továbbadását a nemzetközi hírnévnek örvendő Hargita Nemzeti Székely Népi Együttes végzi. A népviselet és a néptánc továbbélését szolgálja a július első vasárnapján a Csíkszeredával egybeépült Csíksomlyón megtartott 1000 székely leány napja. A városnapok alkalmával 2001 óta gasztronómiai szempontból érdekes pityókafesztivált is szerveznek. MIERCUREA CIUC The centre of Hargita County, the citadel of winter sports. The local ice hockey team, having a history of eight decades, is multiple Romanian champion. Hargitafürdő, which is part of the town, waits for fans of winter sports with its ski slopes. The most prestigious international summer sports event of the region (the bike race) is also organized here. The Festival of Medieval Music organized in the courtyard of Mikó fortress (Csiki Sekler Museum) has also got a three- decade history. The National Sekler Folk Group Hargita, owner of international fame, have preserved and transmitted the folk treasure and traditions of the Hungarians living in Romania, and, in broader meaning, those of the whole Hungarian nation. The festival named The Day of the 1000 Sekler Maidens, being celebrated in Csiksomlyó (a settlement fused with Csikszereda) on the first Sunday of July, also keeps folk dances and national costumes alive. On the occasion of the Town Days The Festival of Potatoes has been organized since 2001, which is considered to be interesting from gastronomical point of view.

10 Şumuleu În trecut, a fost cel mai important centru religios şi de studii din Ţinutul Secuiesc, până în 1876 fiind reşedinţa Scaunelor Ciucului, Gheorghenilor şi Casinului. Biserica şi mănăstirea franciscanilor din Şumuleu constituie un străvechi loc de pelerinaj al Secuimii catolice şi al ceangăilor din Moldova. Complexul baroc de la Şumuleu aflat în nord-estul oraşului Miercurea-Ciuc, la poalele dealului Şumuleul Mic este unul dintre cele mai importante monumente istorice din Transilvania Biserica a fost construită în stil baroc, în perioada , în locul bisericii gotice vechi, din care au mai rămas doar fragmente ce au fost zidite în pereţii bisericii actuale. Piesa centrală a bisericii actuale este Statuia Maicii Domnului Făcătoare de Minuni, aşezată în altarul principal. Conform specialiştilor, statuia datează din secolul XVI, este sculptată dintrun trunchi de tei, iniţial vopsit, ulterior aurit, şi este cunoscută drept cea mai mare sculptură votivă din lume, având o înălţime totală de 227 cm. Csíksomlyó a múltban Székelyföld egyik legjelentősebb vallási és oktatási központja, 1876-ig Csík-, Kászon és Gyergyószékek székhelye volt. Ma a Kárpát-medence legtöbb embert vonzó búcsújáró helye. Neve egybefonódik az itt több mint 600 éve megtele- 10

11 pedett Szent Ferenc-rendi szerzetesek történetével, ezen keresztül pedig az Erdélyben egyedülálló szakrális műemlék együttessel és a több százezer székelyföldi, moldvai és magyarországi római katolikus és más felekezetű hívet ide vonzó pünkösdi búcsúval. A kéttornyú barokk kegytemplom egy korábbi gótikus épület helyén között épült. Legnagyobb kincse az 1500-as évek elején készült 227 cm magas Mária-szobor, melyhez több csoda fűződik. Şumuleu In the past until 1876, Csiksomlyó, one of the most significant religious and educational centres in Seklerland, used to be the centre of Csik, Kászon and Gyergyó districts. Currently it is a place of pilgrimage, which attracts most people living in the Carpathian Basin. Its name mingles with the history of the Franciscan monks who settled in the region more than 600 years ago, with that of the ensemble of sacred monuments unique in Transylvania and with the Pentecostal saints` day, which attracts thousands of Catholic followers and members of other churches from Seklerland, Moldavia and Hungary. The two-towered Baroque devotional church was built between on the spot of another former Gothic building. Its most valuable treasure, the statue of Mary (227 cm), made at the beginning of the 1500s, is spoken about as having magical healing powers. 11

12 Cheile Bicazului reprezintă una dintre cele mai atrăgătoare zone turistice ale Ţinutului Secuiesc. Aici se află Lacul Roşu, un lac de baraj natural care s-a format prin 1837, în urma unor alunecări de teren. La atmosfera cu totul specială a locului contribuie mulţimea brazilor de odinioară, din care au rămas doar trunchiurile dezgolite ce ies din apă străpungând imaginea Micului Suhard reflectat în oglinda lacului. Construit în perioada Renaşterii, Castelul Lázár, din localitatea Lăzarea, este una dintre cele mai impunătoare reşedinţe nobiliare din Ardeal. În acest castel şi-a petrecut copilăria principele Bethlen Gábor ( ), nume cu rezonanţă în istoria Transilvaniei. Azi, Lăzarea este un important centru de întâlnire şi de creaţie pentru artiştii plastici din toată ţara. La începutul lunii septembrie, la Gheorghieni se organizează Zilele cailor, pentru păstrarea şi reînvierea tradiţiilor legate de creşterea cailor şi de arta echitaţiei. În România, 40% din apa minerală îmbuteliată provine din Ţinutul Secuiesc. Această regiune este rezerva naturală de apă minerală a Europei. Staţiunea balneoclimatică Borsec este una dintre cele mai frumoase zone din România. Apa minerală de aici a fost botezată Regina apelor minerale, la originea acestui renume aflându-se împăratul Franz Joseph al Austriei. La un concurs organizat în 2004 în America, apa din Borsec a câştigat locul I la categoria rezervată apelor minerale. Székelyföld természeti szépségeinek felfedezése során egyik legizgalmasabb kalandot a Békási-szoros bejárása ígéri. Itt található az ország egyik leglátogatottabb természeti ritkasága, az 1837-ben földcsuszamlás révén keletkezett Gyilkos-tó. Gyergyószárhegyen a Lázár-kastély az erdélyi reneszánsz kori építészet egyik legbecsesebb emléke. Ebben a főúri udvarban nevelkedett Bethlen Gábor ( ) erdélyi fejedelem. A településen több mint három évtizede képzőművészeti alkotótábor működik. A székelyföldi lovas hagyományok erősítése céljából szeptember elején Gyergyószentmiklóson lovas napokat szerveznek. A Romániában palackozott ásványvizek több mint 40 %-a Székelyföldről származik. Ez a régió Európa borvíz nagyhatalma. Borszék az ország egyik legszebb fekvésű fürdőhelye. Az itteni vizet nevezte Ferenc József császár a borvizek királynőjének ben az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban a szénsavval dúsított ásványvíz kategóriában aranyérmet nyert. While discovering the natural beauty of Seklerland, one of the most exciting adventures is visiting the Strait of Békás. Lake Gyilkos, which was formed sequel to a landslide in 1837, is one of the most visited rarities in the country. 12

13 The Lázár Castle in Gyergyószárhegy is one of the most treasured memories of the Renaissance architecture in Transylvania. It is this noble court where Transylvanian prince Bethlen Gábor ( ) was brought up. Camps of creative fine arts have been organized on the settlement for more than three decades. In order to enforce the tradition of Sekler Cavalry, Gyergyószentmiklós is responsible for organizing the celebration of the Days of Cavalry on September 1. More than 40% of the bottled mineral water in Romania comes from Seklerland. This region is the Great Power of mineral waters in Europe. Borszék is one of the most beautiful spas in the country. Its springs were named Queen of Mineral Waters by Emperor Ferenc József. In 2004 the mineral water of Borszék won gold medal in the category of fizzy mineral waters in the United States. 13

14 Valea Trotuşului este o altă zonă etnografică specială din Ţinutul Secuiesc, cu aşezări de ceangăi înşirate pe vale şi în văile pâraielor afluente. Tradiţia spune că prima aşezare a fost ridicată pe teritoriul actualului Ghimeş-Făget. Ceangăii de aici au păstrat portul, tradiţiile şi muzica populară specifice zonei. În plus, datorită condiţiilor geografice, aici s-au mai păstrat şi forme arhaice de cultivare a pământului. Porţile secuieşti sculptate, scrise, împodobite cu multiple motive populare au devenit simbolul Secuimii. În localitatea Satu Mare din judeţul Harghita, se găsesc cele mai multe porţi secuieşti (în jur de 200), tipice pentru ţinutul Odorheiului. În afară de sculptori talentaţi, în satele secuieşti mai sunt de găsit şi alţi meşteri populari: dogari, rotari, olari, împletitori de coşuri şi pălării de paie. La Crişeni funcţionează un Muzeu al pălăriilor de paie.

15 A Tatros folyó felső folyása mentén, valamint a belé siető patakok völgyeiben fekvő Gyimes vidéke Székelyföld különleges magyar néprajzi tájegysége. Az itt élő csángók megőrizték népviseletüket, népzenéjüket és népszokásaikat. A földrajzi viszonyoknak köszönhetően a gazdálkodás archaikus formái figyelhetők meg. A galambdúcos faragott és faragott-festett nagykapuk a székelység szimbolumává váltak. Olyan település is van Székelyudvarhely közelében, mint Máréfalva, ahol az ilyen kapuk száma 200 körüli. Az ügyes kezű fafaragókon kívül a székely falvakban számos népi mester tevékenykedik, mint például kádárok, kerékgyártók, kosárfonók, szalmakalap készítők, fazekasok, szövő aszszonyok. Kőrispatakon szalmakalap múzeum működik. The region of Gyimes, situated along the upper stream of the Tatros River and the streams flowing into it, is considered to be unique from the viewpoint of Hungarian ethnography. The Hungarian-speaking inhabitants have preserved their national costumes, folk music and folk traditions. Due to geographical conditions one can notice archaic forms of economy. The lofted, carved and painted gates have become symbols of the Sekler nation. There is a settlement near Székelyudvarhely, called Máréfalva, where the number of such gates exceeds 200. Besides gifted wood-carvers, there are some other folk artists in the Sekler villages, such as coopers, basket-weavers, cart-makers, boater-makers, potters and weavers. There is a museum in Kőrispatak which exhibits boaters (straw hats). 15

16 Odorheiu Secuiesc Al doilea oraş după mărime şi număr de locuitori din judeţul Harghita, centrul economic şi spiritual al Ţinutului Secuiesc, care se află astăzi în plină dezvoltare. Pe vremuri a fost reşedinţa Scaunului Odorheiului, apoi reşedinţa Comitatului Odorheiu. Cel mai vechi monument istoric este Capela Jézus, ridicată în secolul XIII. În centrul oraşului este amplasată statuia scriitorului, istoricului şi etnografului Orbán Balázs ( ), personalitate marcantă a secuilor. Mormântul său de la Băile Szejke a devenit loc de pelerinaj. Muzeul Haáz Rezső găzduieşte variate colecţii de istorie şi etnografie şi organizează anual diverse evenimente culturale, dintre care merită reţinut Târgul Meşteşugarilor cel mai mare târg de meşteşuguri din Ţinutul Secuiesc. Székelyudvarhely Hargita megye második legnépesebb városa, Székelyföld dinamikusan fejlődő gazdasági-szellemi központja. Hajdan Udvarhelyszék anyavárosa, majd Udvarhely vármegye székhelye volt. Legrégebbi épülete a XIII. századi Jézus-kápolna. Központjában áll a legnagyobb székelyként számon tartott Orbán Balázs ( ) író, néprajzi gyűjtő, polihisztor szobra, akinek sírja a közeli Szejkefürdőn zarándokhellyé vált. A Haáz Rezső Múzeum néprajzi, helytörténeti és képzőművészeti kiállításokkal várja a látogatókat. Itt szervezik meg minden júliusban a Míves Emberek Sokadalmát, Székelyföld egyik legnagyobb kirakóvásárát. Odorheiu Secuiesc It is the second widely populated town in Seklerland, the centre of the dynamically developing economical and cultural region. In the past it used to be the centre of Udvarhely district. Its oldest building is the Chapel of Jesus built in the 13th century. In the centre of the town there is the statue of Orbán Balázs ( ), considered to be the most famous Sekler, writer, ethnographer, Renaissance man, whose tomb located in Szejkefürdő, has become a place of pilgrimage. Visitors are awaited by the Haáz Rezső Museum with ethnographical, historical and graphical exhibitions. It is this museum, where the fair of ethnographers, historians and graphic artists is organized every July. The fair is considered to be one of the biggest fairs in Seklerland. 16

17 Situată pe versantul vestic al Harghitei, localitatea alpină Vărşag este cunoscută ca un centru unde se ciopleşte şindrila şi unde construcţiile păstrează caracteristicile arhitecturii populare. A Hargita nyugati előterében fekvő Székelyvarság zsindelykészítő központ. Ezen a havasi szórványtelepülésen a székelyföldi népi építészet jellegzetességei és a hagyományos gazdálkodási módok figyelhetők meg. Székelyvarság, lying in the western foreground of the Hargita Mountain, is the centre of shingle-making. This alpine sparse settlement has preserved the forms of traditional husbandry and the peculiarities of folk architecture of Seklerland. 17

18 Localitatea Inlăceni a fost inclusă pe Lista Patrimoniului Mondial, datorită numeroaselor monumente de arhitectură rurală, pentru a căror păstrare se derulează proiecte finanţate din fonduri locale sau europene. Centrul localităţii este dominat de o biserică fortificată, monument istoric. Sanctuarul bisericii păstrează câteva elemente gotice, plafonul este ornamentat cu 88 casete pictate în Pe una dintre casete, pictorul a scris numele său şi mottoul credinţei unitariene cu rune secuieşti. Pe teritoriul Ţinutului Secuiesc au rămas multe vestigii ale acestui fel de scriere, care este încă folosit de sculptorii în lemn. Sajátos településszerkezetének, népi építészeti emlékeinek és műemlék templomának köszönhetően Énlaka a Kulturális Világörökség részét képezi. A belterület közepén magasodik a kőfallal kerített unitárius templom. Szentélye gótikus emlékeket őriz, hajóját 1668-ból való 88 virágmintás festett kazettából álló deszkamennyezet díszíti. Az egyik kazettán a festő saját nevét és az unitáriusok jelmondatát a székelyek ősi írásjeleivel, rovásírással örökítette meg. Ennek az írásmódnak Székelyföldön számos emléke maradt fenn és elsősorban a fafaragók ma is használják. Due to its characteristic form of organization, its memories of folk architecture and its church monument, Énlaka is part of the Cultural World Inheritance. On the left side of the inner court there is a Unitarian church surrounded by a stone wall. Its sanctuary preserves Gothic memories; its shuttle is decorated with sunken paneled ceiling (made of 88 patterns of floral decoration). On one of the panels one can see the painter s own name and the Unitarian motto carved with the Seklers` ancient runes. This way of writing has several memories all over Seklerland and it is still used nowadays mainly by wood-carvers. 18

19 Praidul este un loc important de exploatare a sării. Pe timpul verii, este una dintre cele mai căutate staţiuni turistice, datorită salinei şi băilor mezotermale. În apropiere, se află localitatea Corund, arhicunoscută datorită produselor de olărit. Drumul principal capătă în fiecare zi atmosfera unui târg al olarilor, unde meşterii locali îşi vând produsele. Parajd a regió fontos sóbányászati helye. Nyári időszakban a sóbányájának és gyógyfürdőjének köszönhetően az egyik legforgalmasabb székelyföldi üdülőhely. Közelében található a fazekas termékeiről hires Korond, ahol a Fő út mentén a népművészeti termékekből állandó kirakó vásár van. Parajd is an important salt-mining place of the region. Due to its salt-mine and spa it is one of the most visited resorts in Seklerland during the summer. Nearby there is Korond, famous for its pottery, where there is a permanent folk art exhibition along the main street of the settlement. 19

20 www. harghitacounty.ro Tinutul Secuiesc Székelyföld Seklerland

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22 Condiţii socio-istorice specifice au făcut ca astăzi să putem vorbi de judeţul Covasna ca despre Ţinutul conacelor şi al castelelor. Pe teritoriul unor localităţi, cum ar fi Bicfalău sau Cernat, călătorul poate descoperi chiar peste zece conace. Cele peste 160 de conace şi castele sunt piese preţioase ale patrimoniului construit din regiune. Háromszék a kúriák és a kastélyok földje. Sajátos társadalomtörténeti okok miatt Székelyföldön belül itt épült a legtöbb kisnemesi udvarház. Olyan települések is vannak, mint Bikfalva vagy Csernáton, ahol az udvarházak száma meghaladja a tízet. A több mint 160 kúria és kastély a régió épített örökségének gyöngyszemei. Háromszék is the land of mansions and castles. Due to peculiar social and historical reasons most of mansions in Seklerland were built in this area. There are such settlements as Bikfalva or Csernáton, where the number of mansions exceeds 10. Totally, there are more than 160 mansions and castles, all of them being considered gems of the regional architecture. 22

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24 Cartoful este cel mai important produs agricol al Ţinutului Secuiesc. Numeroase regiuni din ţară sunt aprovizionate cu cartofi de aici. Pâinea de casă cu cartofi şi kürtős kalács (colacul secuiesc) îşi au originea în bucătăriile de aici. În multe localităţi s-au păstrat obiceiuri populare legate de Fărşang/Lăsata Secului, de Paşti, Rusalii, culesul viilor şi de Crăciun, evenimente care oferă prilej pentru sărbătoare şi pentru îmbrăcarea portului popular. Székelyföld legfontosabb mezőgazdasági terménye a burgonya. Innen látják el az ország számos régióját ezzel a terménnyel. Jó híre van a burgonyás házi kenyérnek és a székely falvakból indult európai hódító útjára a kürtős kalács. Az ünnepi népszokások a hagyományőrzés látványos megnyilvánulásai. Több településen élnek farsangi-, húsvéti-, pünkösdi-, szüreti- és karácsonyi szokások, melyek a színes népviselet használatára is alkalmat biztosítanak. 24

25 The most important agricultural product of Seklerland is the potato. Several parts of the country are supplied with this top product of the region. Potato is one of the most important components of home-made bread, which is famous for its tastiness and the kürtőskalács (a cylindershaped pastry), made in Sekler villages, has also become recognized all over Europe. Folk celebrations are attractive outlets of preserving traditions. There are several settlements where people still celebrate old forms of carnivals, vintages, Easter and Christmas, which are perfect occasions for people to wear their colourful traditional costumes. 25

26 Covasna Orașul celor 1000 de izvoare, din care marea majoritate au proprietăţi terapeutice, este un centru turistic şi de tratament cunoscut în toată Europa. În 1952 a devenit oraș, iar din 1968 poartă acelaş nume şi judeţul nostru. Exploatarea băilor termale a început de la mijlocul secolului al XIX-lea. În 1882 și 1887, la expozițiile de la Triest apa mineral de la Covasna a câștigat medalia de aur. Este cea mai renumită stațiune baleno-climaterică din țară pentru tratarea afecțiunilor cardio-vasculare, orașul având peste 8 hoteluri și nenumărate pensiuni, un spital cardiologic (Cardiologie Covasna) dotat cu baze de tratament moderne. În centrul orașului se află Balta Dracului, denumire dată de localnici, urma a unei erupții vulcanice, care a devenit simbolul orașului. În imediata apropiere a orașului se află Valea Zânelor, zonă renumită pentru Planul Înclinat (monument tehnic unic în Europa) şi pentru priveliștea minunată. Kovászna Az ezer borvízforrás városaként ismert Kovászna Európa hires fürdővárosai közé sorolható ben nyert városi ran- 26

27 got, 1968 óta Kovászna megye névadó települése. Természetes gyógyértékeinek felkutatása már a 19. század masodik felében megkezdődött, a fürdőélet az 1880-as évektől virágzott fel ben és 1887-ben a trieszti kiállításon a kovásznai ásványvíz aranyérmet nyert. Itt működik az ország egyik legnagyobb szívgyógyászati központja. Nyolc szálloda és számos vendégház várja az ide érkezőket. A városban fedett borvízforrások, meleg ásványvizes fürdők és széndioxidos gázfürfdők (mofetták) állnak a gyógyulni vágyók rendelkezésére, melyek főleg a szív- és érrendszeri megbetegedések esetében, valamint mozgásszervi és női betegségek, az anyagcsere és idegrendszer zavaraira jótékony hatásúak. Kiegészítő kezelésként használják a hidro- és elektroterápiát, a mozgásterápiát és a klimaterápiát. A Főtér keleti peremén található Pokolsár nevű iszapos, kénes-széndioxidos gázkitörés a város jelképévé vált. Covasna Kovaszna, known as the town of the thousand of mineral springs, ranks among the most famous spa resorts in Europe. It obtained its rank of municipality in 1952, since 1968 it has been the name- giver of Kovaszna County. The discovery of its natural healing resources began in the second half of the 19th century, and medical treatments have been developed since the 1880s. At the exhibition organized in Trieste in 1882, the mineral water of Kovaszna was given the gold medal. Kovaszna gives home to one of the biggest cardiological centres of the country (Sanatoriul Cardiologic). Guests are welcomed in eight hotels and several guest houses. In the town there are numerous indoors mineral springs, warm mineral baths and mofettas (therapy with a mixture of gases whose most important component is carbon dioxide), which are recommended mostly in the therapy of heart diseases as well as in that of gynecological affections, several conditions of the nervous system, and locomotor disorders. They also have a beneficial effect on the metabolism of the human body. Hydro- and electrotherapies, kinetic therapy and climatic therapy are used as additional methods of treatment. The gas eruption named Pokolsar (Hell`s Mud), located on the eastern side of the main square of the town (it is formed of sulphur and carbon dioxide), has become the symbol of the town. (Balta Dracului).

28 Sfântu Gheorghe Este reşedinţa administrativă a judeţului Covasna şi important centru cultural al Ţinutului Secuiesc. Anual, comunitatea îşi celebrează oraşul de Zilele Sf. Gheorghe: timp de o săptămână, în preajma zilei de 24 aprilie (ziua Sfântului Gheorghe, patronul spiritual al oraşului) sunt reunite fapte de cultură de o mare diversitate, de la spectacole folclorice multiculturale, spectacole de teatru, concerte de muzică clasică şi de rock/pop, până la expoziţii de artă contemporană şi demonstraţii de artă culinară. Patrimoniul construit al oraşului include peste zece clădiri proiectate de renumitul arhitect ardelean Kós Károly ( ). Dintre acestea, cel mai important este ansamblul de clădiri al Muzeului Naţional Secuiesc. Oraşul a ajuns în atenţia lumii culturale româneşti şi europene şi prin ofertele artistice ale celor două teatre, Tamási Áron şi Andrei Mureşanu. În 2009, Teatrul Tamási Áron şi-a sărbătorit împlinirea a 60 de stagiunea prin lansarea Bienalei Internaţionale Reflex un concept de festival teatral prin care organizatorii doresc a impune oraşul Sf. Gheorghe drept un spaţiu de dialog multicultural, cu deschidere regională programată, unde, din doi în doi ani, spectatorii de pretutindeni pot veni la întâlnirea cu spectacole de referinţă din Europa. 28

29 Sepsiszentgyörgy Kovászna megye székhelye és Székelyföld egyre erősödő kulturális központja. Itt szervezik meg évente az országos viszonylatban a legnagyobb tömeget megmozgató, egyhetes városnapokat. Szent György napja (április 24.) hetében a nagyvásár mellett számos kulturális-, sport- es szórakoztató rendezvény csalogatja ide az érdeklődőket. Fél évtizedes múltja van a májusi Kolbásztöltő Parádénak, amelynek egyre több külföldi résztvevője is van. Kós Károly ( ) neves erdélyi építésznek több mint tíz köz- és lakóépülete áll a városban. Ezek közül kiemelkedik a Székely Nemzeti Múzeum épületegyüttese. A színházi élet a Tamási Áron Színház (magyar) és az Andrei Mureșanu Színház (román) köré szerveződik. Reflex néven színházi biennálét rendeznek. Saint George It is the Municipality of Kovászna County; the more and more developing cultural centre of Seklerland. It is Sepsiszentgyörgy, where people organise the one-week Town Days, which stir up the largest percentage of population on national scale. Besides the fair, several cultural, sport and entertaining events lure those interested. The Sausage Parade, whose organisation was initiated five years ago, is also worth being mentioned. It has not only local participants, but visitors coming from abroad as well. There are more than ten public buildings and dwelling houses designed by Kós Károly ( ), famous Transylvanian architect, from among which the most impressive is the building of the Sekler National Museum. Theatre life is organized around the two theatrical groups: Tamási Áron Theatre (Hungarian) and Andrei Muresanu Theatre (Romanian). Under the name Reflection they organize biennale as well. 29

30 30 Când se vorbeşte de monumentele de arhitectură ale Ţinutului Secuiesc, bisericile fortificate din Evul Mediu sunt considerate adevărate simboluri ale acestui spaţiu cultural. Zidurile înalte şi bastioanele ce înconjoară bisericile aveau rostul de a apăra populaţia locală, mai ales pe vremea invaziilor turceşti-tătăreşti din secolul XVII. Cel mai valoros monument cultic din judeţul Covasna, inclus şi pe Lista Patrimoniului Mondial Unesco, este Biserica catolică Sfântul Imre din Ghelinţa, care datează din sec. XIII şi păstrează elemente din arhitectura romană, gotică, renascentistă şi de stil baroc. Vechile biserici ortodoxe introduc o notă de culoare aparte în peisajul arhitecturii cultice din Ţinutul Secuiesc.

31 Székelyföld különleges építészeti emlékei a középkori eredetű vártemplomok, melyeket magas várfalakból és sarokbástyákból álló védőrendszerek öveznek. Ezek az erődök főként a XVII. századi török-tatár betörések idején nyújtottak védelmet a helybeli lakosságnak. Kovászna megye egyik legértékesebb, az UNESCO által nyilvántartott kultikus műemléke a XIII. századi eredetű, román, gótikus, reneszánsz és barokk stílusjegyeket őrző gelencei római katolikus Szent Imre templom. A szakrális építészeten belül külön színfoltot jelentenek az ortodox műemlék templomok. Special architectural memories of Seklerland are the medieval fortress-churches, which are surrounded by defense systems made up of high walls and corner bastions. These fortresses protected the population especially in the 17th century against the Turkish-Tartar invasions. One of the most valuable religious monuments, whose evidence is kept by the UNESCO, is the Szent Imre Catholic church in Gelence. The church was built in the 13th century and it preserves Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque characteristics. Within sacred architecture a vivid spot of colours is represented by the Orthodox church monuments. 31

32 Târgu Secuiesc Oraş cu populaţie maghiară majoritară, se află în partea sudestică a Ţinutului Secuiesc, pe drumul care leagă Ţara Bârsei de Moldova. Centrul istoric şi reţeaua de curţi interioare alcătuiesc împreună un monument arhitectural cu totul special. Aşezarea a devenit cunoscută mai ales prin imaginea sa de oraş al curţilor interioare. Muzeul Breslelor deţine colecţii şi expoziţii valoroase despre istoria oraşului, a breslelor şi a meşteşugurilor. Printre exponate, se numără şi uneltele folosite la turnarea tunurilor din perioada revoluţiei din Muzeul se laudă şi cu o colecţie îndrăgită mai ales de copii, este vorba de peste 350 de păpuşi îmbrăcate în costume populare tradiţionale. Kézdivásárhely Székelyföld délkeleti részében, a Brassót Moldvával összekötő út mentén fekvő magyar többségű város. Főterének a kapualjakból nyíló sikátorszerű beépített udvarterek adnak egyediséget. A helyi múzeum kiállításai elsősorban a város céhes életét és az 1848/49-es szabadságharc idején kibontakozó ágyúgyártást mutatják be. Különlegességnek számít a népviseleteket bemutató babakiállítás. 32

33 Târgu Secuiesc The town is situated in the south-eastern part of Seklerland, along the road, which links Brașov to Moldavia. It is inhabited mainly by Hungarian population. Its main square is unique due to the small passages, which lead from the gates to the centre. The exhibitions of the town present mainly the life of the different guilds and especially the cannon-making activity of the town during the Hungarian War of Independence in The exhibition of dolls representing different traditional folk costumes is considered to be unique. Muzeul Haszmann Pál din Cernat este un muzeu etnografic în aer liber, unic în România şi Sud-Estul Europei, care cuprinde secţii de arheologie, antropologie şi istorie economică a satului. Materialele expuse sunt de o mare diversitate, de la case ţărăneşti, mobile pictate secuieşti şi obiecte ceramice, până la stâlpi funerari şi maşini agricole de epocă. Muzeul organizează periodice tabere de creaţie populară iar în incinta lui mai funcţionează o şcoală populară şi un atelier de sculptură. Csernátonba a Haszmann Pál Múzeum néprajzi- és mezőgazdasági gépkiállítása, valamint népművészeti alkotó táborai vonzzák az érdeklődőket. Neves fafaragó központ működik itt és bútorfestő meg tojasíró foglalkozásokat is szerveznek. Csernáton attracts visitors with the ethnographic and agricultural machinery exhibition of the Haszmann Pál Museum as well as with the camps of creative folk art organized here. There is also a famous wood-carving centre, furniture-painting 33

34 TÂRgU MUREŞ De-a lungul mai multor secole, Novum Forum Siculorum a fost capitala şi centrul spiritual al Ţinutului Secuiesc. Astăzi, cu cei de locuitori, este cel mai populat oraş din zonă şi important centru universitar. Palatul Culturii şi fosta primărie (Palatul Cifra), construite la începutul secolului 20 în stil eclectic, conferă o atmosferă aparte centrului istoric. Palatul Toldalagi ( ) este cel mai frumos produs arhitectural al barocului transilvan. Deasupra centrului oraşului se înalţă o cetate care şi-a primit forma actuală în sec. 17. Artele vizuale şi muzica sunt vedetele vieţii culturale din Târgu Mureş. Filarmonica locală organizează în fiecare an Zilele Muzicale Târgu Mureşene, iar Festivalul Internaţional de Film de Scurt-metraj ALTER-NATIVE a devenit un adevărat agent de promovare a turismului cultural, printre cinefilii din România şi de pretutindeni. Din 2003, oraşul găzduieşte Festivalul Peninsula cel mai mare festival în aer liber, cu 3000 locuri de campare, pe o suprafaţă de 3,5ha. Zecile de mii de peninsulari sunt atraşi de oferte muzicale pentru toate gusturile: crema muzicii rock din România şi Ungaria, trupe celebre din Occident, plus evenimente conexe destinate artelor vizuale şi sportului. MAROSvásárhely Az egykori Novum Forum Siculorum több évszázadon át Székelyföld szellemi központja és fővárosa volt. Ma lakosával a térség legnépesebb városa. Jelentős egyetemi és tudományos kutatóközpont, rangos nemzetközi kulturális rendezvények színhelye. Főterének hangulatát a 20. század eleji szecessziős-eklektikus Kultúrpalota és a volt Városháza (Cifra palota) határozzák meg. A Toldalagi palota ( ) a késő barokk kor kimagasló építészeti emléke. A központ fölé magasodó vár a XVII. században kapta mai formáját. Marosvásárhely rangos színházi és zenei rendezvényeknek ad otthont. A helyi filharmónia évente megszevezi a Marosvásárhelyi Zenei Napokat. Évenkénti jeles esemény az ALTER- NATIVE Rövidfilm Fesztivál. Nagy népszerűségenk örvend a 2003 óta megszervezett szabadtéri zenei-, sport- és művészeti programokat ajánló Félsziget Fesztivál. Kikapcsolódásra és szórakozásra ad lehetőséget a Maros parti Weekend-szabadidőközpont. 34

35 TÂRgU MUREŞ The former Novum Forum Siculorum used to be the capital and spiritual centre of Seklerland for many centuries. Nowadays, having 150,000 inhabitants, it is the most populated town of the region. It is a significant university and research centre, an important scene of international cultural events and performances. The atmosphere of its main square is determined by the Palace of Culture built in Secessionist and eclectic style at the beginning of the 20th century, an by the Town Hall (Palace Cifra). The Toldalagi Palace ( ) is an outstanding memory of the late Baroque architecture. The fortress heightening above the centre got its current shape in the 17th century. Marosvásárhely gives home to prestigious theatrical and musical performances. The local Philharmonic Orchestra organizes the Musical Days of Marosvásárhely yearly. A significant, yearly organized event is the ALTERNATIVE Short Film Festival. The Félsziget (Peninsula) Festival, which has been organized here since 2003, is another popular event, which recommends outdoors musical, sports and artistic programmes. The Weekend Leisure Centre, located on the bank of the Maros River, provides relaxation and entertainment for the public interested. 35

36 Sovata Staţiune balneoclimatică de renume european, este unul dintre cele mai căutate locuri din România. Este renumită datorită lacurilor sărate, dintre care cel mai important este Lacul Ursu. Format în anul 1875, Lacul Ursu este unic în Europa şi este unul dintre cele mai mari lacuri sărate helioterme din lume. Temperatura acestuia poate ajunge în timpul verii până la grade C, la o adâncime de 1,5 m. Suprafaţa lacului este de 3,8 ha, circumferinţa are 2 km, iar punctul cel mai adânc atinge 18,9 m. Concentraţia de sare a apei este de 256 g/l. Se tratează cu succes bolile reumatologice, ginecologice, endocrine, metabolice, respiratorii şi bolile sistemului nervos periferic. Componentele de bază ale tratamentului balneoclimatic sunt helioterapia şi electroterapia. Szováta Európai hírű üdülőváros, Románia egyik legkeresettebb gyógyfürdőhelye. Létét a hőtároló (helioterm) sóstavak alapozták meg. Ezek gyöngyszeme a völgykatlanban fekvő Medve-tó, amely az 1870-es évek végén egy föld alatti patak eldugulása és 36

37 a fölötte lévő kaszáló beomlása révén alakult ki. Alakja egy kiterített medvebőrhöz hasonlít. Kiterjedése 3,8 ha, kerülete 2 km, legnagyobb mélysége 18,9 m. Vizének sótartalma 256 g/l. Sós vize elraktározza a Nap melegét, és a felszíntől lefelé egyre melegebb. Szovátafürdő gyógyvizeinek orvosi javallatai: reumatikus bántalmak, női betegségek, endokrin zavarok, a periférikus idegrendszer megbetegedései, has-és mellhártya gyulladás, zsigerek gyulladásai ellen. Fontos kezelési tényező a tófürdővel egybekötött napfénygyógymód (helioterápia), a kádfürdő és az elektroterápia. Sovata It is a resort of European fame, one of the most visited health spas in Romania. Its existence is defined mainly by its salt helio-thermal lakes. The best-known and most famous of them is Lake Bear, which was formed at the end of the 1870s due to the obstruction of an underground stream and the wash-out of the meadow situated above it. Its shape resembles an outstretched bear skin. Its area is of 3, 8 ha, its circumference is 2 km, its maximum depth is 18,9 m. The salt concentration is 256 g/l. The salt water stores the heat of the sun; therefore as far as we go down towards the bottom of the lake, the water gets warmer and warmer. Among the medical conditions which can be treated with the help of the water of the lake we mention the following: different forms of rheumatism, gynecologic deficiencies, and cases related to the field of endocrinology, dysfunctions of the peripheral nervous system, peritonitis and pleuritis, and intestinal dysfunctions. An important healing procedure linked to bathing is heliotherapy, hip bath and electrotherapy. 37

38 Satele din jurul oraşului Târgu Mureş au o atmosferă deosebită datorită bisericilor din lemn şi turnurilor de clopotniţă acoperite cu şindrilă. De pildă, bisericile ortodoxe de lemn din Bozed, Oroiu, Sânişor, şi turnurile de clopotniţă reformate din Ceuaşu de Câmpie, Culpiu şi Negreni. În Porumbeni, bisericile ambelor confesiuni au turnuri de clopotniţă. A Marosvásárhely környéki falvaknak különleges hangulatot adnak a fatemplomok és a zsindellyel fedett karcsú haranglábak. Ezek közül kiemelkedik az uralyi, a bazédi és a kebelei ortodox fatemplom, valamint a mezőcsávási és a mezőkölpényi református harangláb. Galambodon mindkét felekezetnek haranglábja van. The villages around Marosvásárhely have a peculiar atmosphere due to their wooden churches and the slim belfries covered with shingle. The most outstanding ones are those in Oroiu, Bozed and the Orthodox wooden church in Sînișor as well as the Reformed belfries in Mezőcsávás and Mezőkölpény. In Galambod both congregations have their own belfries. 38

39 CALENDARUL EVENIMENTELOR CULTURALE SI TURISTICE CALENDAR OF CULTURAL AND TURISTIC EVENTS Judetul Covasna/Kovászna county (Contact: Februarie/February Fărşang-Obicei tradiţional Traditional custom of carnival Belin/Bölön Februarie/February Cupa Sport Alpin Alpine Sport Cup Băile Şugaş/Sugásfürdő Februarie/February Festivalul de tradiţii populare la tăierea porcului International festival of dinner on pig-killing day Băile Balvanyos / Bálványosfürdő 15 martie/ 15th March Comemorarea Revoluţiei din Commemorating the Revolution Sf. Gheorghe, Tg. Secuiesc, Covasna, Baraolt, Sânzieni, Ghelinţa, Turia Martie-Aprilie / March-April Obiceiuri tradiţionale maghiare de Paşti Hungarian traditional customs at Easter Surcea, Micfalău / Szörcse, Mikóújfalu Martie-Aprilie / March-April Sărbătoarea ouălor roşii de Paşte Celebration of the painted eggs at Easter Întorsura Buzăului / Bodzaforduló Aprilie/April Zilele Sf. Gheorghe Saint George Town`s Days Sf. Gheorghe/Sepsiszentgyörgy Mai/May Dark River Rock Festival Dark River Rock Festival Ozunca Băi, Sf. Gheorghe / Uzonkafürdő, Sepsiszentgyörgy Mai/May Zilele Turismului Covăsnean Days of Tourism in Covasna County Sf. Gheorghe/Sepsiszentgyörgy Mai/May Parada Cârnaţilor Festival of sausage-making Sf. Gheorghe/Sepsiszentgyörgy Iunie/June Festivalul Ardelenesc al Ansamblurilor de Dans Popular de Copii şi Tineret PERKŐ Perko Transilvanian festival of children and youth folk dance bands Sânzieni/Kézdiszentlélek Iunie/June Zilele Comunei Turia şi Festivalul Gastronomic Internaţional Torja Village`s Days and the International Festival of Gastronomy Turia /Torja Iulie/July Tabără Internaţională de Pictură INCITATO INCITATO International Camp of Painting Băile Balvanyos/Bálványosfürdő Iulie/July Întâlnirea Internaţională a Fanfarelor,tabără International Meeting of brass bands, camp of prompters Reci/Réty 2 iulie/ 2th July Pelerinaj Sf. Maria Saint Mary Pilgrimage Alungeni/Futásfalva August/August Festivalul apei minerale AQUARIUS AQUARIUS mineral water festival Diferite localităşi cu ape minerale / Different places 39

40 20 august/ 20th August Hramul bisericesc la capela Sf. Ştefan pe dealul Perkő Dedication day at Saint Stephen Chapel on Perkő hill Sânzieni/Kézdiszentlélek Septembrie/September Târgul de toamnă Autumn Fair Sf. Gheorghe/Sepsiszentgyörgy Septembrie/September Ciobănaşul festival de tradiţii şi folclor Ciobanasul festival of traditions and folk art Întorsura Buzăului/Bodzaforduló Noiembrie/November Zilele Culturale din Bazinul Baraolt Days of culture in the basin of Barót Baraolt şi mai multe localităţi din zonă/ Barót and other localities Decembrie/December Spectacol de colinde Performance of Christmas carols Întorsura Buzăului/Bodzaforduló Decembrie/December Sărbătoarea de crăciun Christmas celebration Sânzieni/Kézdiszentlélek Octombrie/October Festival folcloric Festival of Folk Art Întorsura Buzăului/Bodzaforduló Judetul Harghita/Hargita county (Contact: Februarie/February Fărşang - Obicei tradiţional Traditional custom of carnival Armăşeni, Ditrău, Ocna de Jos/ Menaság,Ditró, Alsósófalva Februarie/February Campionatul European de Orientare pe Schiuri European Championships of orientating on skis Băile Harghita/Hargitafürdő 15 martie/ 15th March Comemorarea Revoluţiei din Commemorating the Revolution Miercurea Ciuc, Odorheiu Secuiesc, Cristuru Secuiesc, Gheorgheni, Siculeni Martie-Aprilie / March-April Concert simfonic de Paşti Concert of symphonies performed at Easter Odorheiu Secuiesc/Székelyudvarhely Aprilie/April Festival Internaţional de Chitară International festival of guitar-playing Odorheiu Secuiesc/Székelyudvarhely 1 mai/ May 1 Sărbătoare în aer liber/picnic in May Băile Szejke (Odorheiu Secuiesc)/Szejkefürdő (Székelyudvarhely) Mai/May Festivalul Narciselor/Festival of daffodils Vlăhiţa/Szentegyháza Mai/May Zilele Judeţului/ County`s Days Miercurea Ciuc/Csíkszereda Mai-Iunie / May-June Pelerinaj de Rusalii (sâmbătă) Pilgrimage at Whitsuntide (Saturday) Şumuleu Ciuc/Csíksomlyó Iunie/June Festivalul Sóskút/Soskut festival Cristuru Secuiesc/Székelykeresztúr Iunie/June Festivalul vinului Festival of Wine Miercurea Ciuc/Csíkszereda 40

41 Iunie/June Târgul meşteşugarilor/craftsmen`s Fair Odorheiu Secuiesc/Székelyudvarhely Iunie/June Tabără de Dans Popular Folk Dance Camp Dealu/Oroszhegy Iunie/June Festivalul trupelor de teatru amator de copii Festival of theatre performances made by children Ocna de Jos/Alsósófalva Iunie/June Tabără de Folclor/Folk Art Camp Ocna de Sus/Felsősófalva Iulie/July Tabără de Creaţie pentru Actori Camp of creation for actors Sânmartin/Homoródszentmárton Iulie/July Tabără Internaţională de Dans Popular International Folk Dance Camp Ocna de Sus/Felsősófalva Iulie/July Festival de Muzică Veche/Old music festival Miercurea Ciuc/Csíkszereda Iulie/July Festival de Jazz/Festival of jazz Miercurea Ciuc/Csíkszereda Iulie/July Ziua celor 1000 de fete secuieşti The 1000 Sekler maidens` Day Şumuleu Ciuc/Csíksomlyó August/August Zilele municipiului Miercurea Ciuc Csikszereda Town`s Days Miercurea Ciuc/Csíkszereda August/August Târgul meşteşugarilor/craftsmen`s Fair Miercurea Ciuc/Csíkszereda August/August Turul Ciclist al Ţinutului Secuiesc Cycling Tour in Seklerland Miercurea Ciuc/Csíkszereda August/August Festivalul Cartofului Festival of Potato Miercurea Ciuc/Csíkszereda August/August Tabără de Creaţie pentru Actori Camp of creation for actors Lăzarea/Gyergyószárhegy Septembrie/September Festivalul Ceangăilor Festival of the Hungarian-speaking inhabitants of Moldavia Lunca de Sus, Lunca de Jos/Gyímesközéplok, Gyímesfelsőlok Septembrie/September Tabără Internaţională pentru Pictori şi Graficieni Free Cam International Camp of Painters and Graphic Designers Free Cam Miercurea Ciuc/Csíkszereda Septembrie/September Festivalul Sarmalelor Festival of Stuffed Cabbage Praid/Parajd Septembrie/September Zilele cailor Horses` Days Gheorgheni/Gyergyószentmiklós Octombrie/October Târg de toamnă/autumn Fair Odorheiu Secuiesc/Székelyudvarhely Octombrie/October Festivalul fructelor Festival of regional fruit Odorheiu Secuiesc/Székelyudvarhely Noiembrie/November Festivalul trupelor de teatru amator Festival of theatre performance made by amateur grown-ups from Udvarhelyszek Vlăhiţa/Szentegyháza 41

42 Judetul Mureș/Maros county (Contact: Martie-Aprilie / March-April Obiceiuri populare de Paşti/Folk customs at Easter Troiţa/Szentháromság Aprilie/April Festival coral Primăvara în Sângeorgiu de Mureş Festival of the Chorus Primavara singeorziana Sângeorgiu de Mureş/Marosszentgyörgy Aprilie/Aprilie Ziua Pământului/Earth`s Day Mădăraş/Mezőmadaras 9 mai/ 9th May Ziua Europei/Europe`s Day Tg. Mureş/Marosvásárhely Mai/May Zilele Muzicale Târgu Mureşene/Musical Days of Tg. Mureş Tg. Mureş/Marosvásárhely Mai/May Festivalul dansului popular/folk Dance Festival Pănet/Mezőpanit Mai/May Târgul Florilor/Floral Festival Sântana de Mureş/Marosszentanna Iunie/June Tabăra de Creaţie Molnár Dénes Camp of creation Molnar Denes Pănet/Mezőpanit Iunie/June Zilele oraşului/town`s Days Tg. Mureş/Marosvásárhely Iulie/July Festivalul Peninsula/Festival Peninsula Tg. Mureş/Marosvásárhely 20 august/ 20th August Sărbătoarea tradiţională Sf. Ştefan Traditional festival Saint Stephen Acăţari/Ákosfalva August/August Tabără de sculptură pentru copii Camp of sculpting for children Berghia/Mezőbergeny Septembrie/September Tabără Internaţională de Creaţii Artistice International Camp of Arts Sovata/Szováta Septembrie/September Balul strugurilor/grapes` Ball Acăţari/Ákosfalva Septembrie-Octombrie / September-October Balul strugurilor/grapes` Ball Găleşti/Gálfalva Octombrie/October Festival de dans şi cântece populare Dance and folk song festival Miercurea Nirajului/Nyárádszereda Octombrie/October Balul strugurilor/grapes` Ball Păsăreni/Backamadaras Octombrie/October Festival de teatru pentru amatori Festival of amateur theatre performances Sângeorgiu de Pădure/Erdőszentgyörgy Noiembrie/November Festivalul Internaţional de Film de Scurt-metraj ALTER-NATIVE ALTER-NATIVE International Film festival (short-films) Tg. Mureş/Marosvásárhely Decembrie/December Spectacol folcloric Colinde, colinde Folk performance Colinde, colinde (carols) Ungheni/Nyárádtő decembrie/24-26th December Manifestări culturale de crăciun Cultural events at Christmas Vărgata/Csíkfalva 42

43 TOURISM INFORMATION AND PROMOTION OFFICES ABROAD AUSTRIA Währingerstrasse 6-8, 1090 VIENNA Phone: Fax: www. rumaenien-info.at BELGIUM 17A Avenue de la Toison d Or, 1050 BRUSSELS Tel.: +32 (0) Fax: +32 (0) [email protected] [email protected] PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 9G Oriental kenzo Office Building, 48 Donzhimenwai Str., Dong Cheng, BEIJING PRC Phone: Fax: [email protected] FRANCE 7, Rue Gaillon, PARIS Phone: Fax: [email protected] GERMANY 20a Budapesterstr., D BERLIN Phone: Fax: [email protected] www. rumaenien-tourismus.de Dachauerstr , D MUNICH Phone: , Fax: [email protected] HUNGARY Hercegprimas ut. 9, 1051 BUDAPEST Phone: Fax: [email protected] [email protected] www. romaniaturizmus.hu ISRAEL 135 Ben Yehuda Str., TELAVIV Phone/Fax: [email protected] ITALY Via Torino 95, Galleria Esedra, ROME Phone: Fax: [email protected] JAPAN Hanawa Bldg. 4F, Kamezawa Sumida-ku, TOKYO Phone: Fax: [email protected] UNITED KINGDOM 22 New Cavendish Str., LONDON W1G8TT Phone: Fax: [email protected] REPUBLIC OF MOLDAVIE Bd. Stefan cel Mare no. 4, CHISINAU Phone/Fax: [email protected] RUSSIA Ul. Bolshaya Marinskaya 9, 3rd floor, office 313, MOSCOW Phone: Fax: [email protected] SPAIN Calle Alcántara no , MADRID Phone: Fax: [email protected] SWEDEN Gamla Brogatan 36-38, STOCKHOLM Phone: Fax: [email protected] U.S.A. 355 Lexington Avenue, floor 19, NEW YORK, NY Phone: [email protected] www. RomaniaTourism.com

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