Emerging Technologies: Cloud Computing, Networking Testbeds, and More

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1 Emerging Technologies: Cloud Computing, Networking Testbeds, and More S. J. Ben Yoo Director, CITRIS Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California, Davis

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3 ATD-MONET DC network 3 S l

4 Information Communication Technology in Heterogeneous Networks Satellite Network DATA Center Optical Label Switching Network DATA Center IPNE Wireline MPLS IPNE Core Router DATA LABEL DATA LABEL Sensor Network 4 Wireline! O-CDMA LAN! Legacy IP Network Diverse applications over Heterogeneous Technologies Reconfigurable Wireless Network Any-application-over-IP; IP-over-any-physical-layer; End-to-end principle Faster, Higher, Smarter

5 Photonic Networking Trends IP ATM SONET DWDM IP & MPLS SONET DWDM IP & GMPLS IP & GMPLS Optical Thin SONET Label DWDM & Optical Switching DWDM & Optical Label Switching SONET NE Router Switch SONET NE Router WDM WDM WDM Router Switch Optical Network Switch Optical Internetworking 5

DWDM & Optical Label Switching SONET NE Router Switch SONET NE Router

6 Progress in Optical Networks Optical Add/Drop Optical Packet Switching Function Optical Packet Capacity Optically Amplified Optical Burst Switching Dynamic WDM Optical Circuit Switching Single Channel Pt-to-Pt Ring Mesh Static Topology 6

Amplified Optical Burst Switching Dynamic WDM Optical

7 Optical-label Switching Network Client Network! (SONET) Optical Internet NC&M System Client Network! (Storage Area Network) Client Network! (Legacy IP) OLSR alternate path Client Network (Optical Access) 7 DATA LABEL Interoperability Transparency to Data Flexible granularity delay buffer preferred path Electronic IP Router Optical Label Switching Core Router Optical Label Switching Edge Router

(Legacy IP) OLSR alternate path Client Network (Optical Access) 7 DATA LABEL Interoperability

8 Key Approaches to Optical-Label Switching Interoperability Multivendor NEs Circuit Switching Flow Switching Burst Switching Packet Switching All-Optical Data Plane and Hybrid Control Plane Protocol Independent Data Payload Minimum Buffering low latency and jitter All-optical contention resolution Free from strict synchronization Support variable length packets, asynchronous forwarding Exploit much of the existing control plane protocol 8

Payload Minimum Buffering low latency and jitter All-optical contention resolution Free from strict

9 Optical-Label Format and Protocol (40 bit label example: can be extended or hierarchically stacked) CLASS_A: destination oriented without TE 00 Destination Source Priority Duration Exp QoS ToS OTTL CLASS_B: destinaton oriented with TE 01 Destination Source Priority Duration TE QoS ToS OTTL CLASS_C: label based forwarding 10 Label Priority Duration Exp QoS ToS OTTL CLASS_D: circuit swtching 11 Label Priority Set Exp QoS ToS OTTL 9 S. J. B. Yoo, "Optical-label switching, MPLS, MPLambdaS, and GMPLS," Special Issue on: Prospects and Challenges: Next Generation Optical Network Architectures, Optical Networking Magazine, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2002) (invited).

Label Priority Duration Exp QoS ToS OTTL CLASS_D: circuit swtching 11 Label Priority Set Exp QoS ToS OTTL 9 S. J. B.

10 Hierarchical Control & Management DCC WDM Network Control and Management Brain: Interelement Control (outof-band DCC) Slow but elaborate Performance monitoring based on labels Anomaly detection Overall view of network (topology) Listens and instructs the Reflex Reflex: Distributed Control (inband DWDM, Label based) Rapid and reflex-like Packet forwarding Anomaly detection Communicates with the Brain 10

view of network (topology) Listens and instructs the Reflex Reflex: Distributed Control (inband DWDM,

11 Monitoring: Getting a Big Picture Collected Labels can tell NC&M how much sourcing and sinking are going on at each node Identify pattern of attack (e.g. DoS) via Datamining NC&M System OLS Core Network Client Network LABEL Core Router DATA 11

12 IPNE: Detect Anomaly and Intrusion Attacker IPNE Protected Domain IPNE Neighbor Domain Attacker The IPNEs surrounding a domain can detect anomalies/intrusion by monitoring traffic; The IPNEs will scan through data packets and mark the relevant security information; All network elements will watch each other to detect the compromised ones;

traffic; The IPNEs will scan through data packets and mark the relevant security

13 All-Optical Label Switching Router In support of agile and energy efficient networking DEMUX Label Processing Module-TI (LP-TI) Label reader Switch Controller w/ Forwarding Look-up Table NC&M Switching Fabric 500 psec/div fiber delay CI OLS Edge Router 13 CI OLE OLR OLE OLR OLE OLR UNAS IP Router 13 CI ATM 500 psec/div Client Machine Client networks...

Look-up Table NC&M Switching Fabric 500 psec/div fiber delay CI OLS Edge Router 13 CI

14 Full View of the Optical Label Switching Router Testbed Setup 14

15 Scalability of OLS Network 15

16 1,001 hop cascaded OLS router w/optical 3R Experimental Results (ECOC'06, paper Tu4.6.2, Jun ) Zhong Pan, Masaki Funabashi, Zuqing Zhu, Haijun Yang, and S. J. B. Yoo, " Error-free 1,001-hop Cascaded Operation of an Optical-label Switching Router with Optical 3R Regeneration," in Technical Digest of ECOC'06, paper Tu4.6.2, Jun

Yoo, " Error-free 1,001-hop Cascaded Operation of an Optical-label Switching Router

17 477 km Optical Label Switching Field Trial V.J. Hernandez, et al, "First Field Trial of Optical Label Switching and Packet Dropping on a 477km NTON/ Sprint Link, OFC 2002, paper #TuY4 LLNL Sprint ATL 17 S l

18 Video/Packet/Optical Network Testbed Demo w/ Multicast and Unicast Packet Size ( Bytes) PLR (%) at Unicast Client PLR (%) at Multicast Client 1 PLR (%) at Multicast Client Unicast Server Edge Router I A C Edge Router II Unicast Client AWGR D Multicast Server B E Edge Router III Multicast Client 1 Edge Router IV Multicast Client 2 18 Slide_1 8

00 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.05 Unicast Server Edge Router I A 1555.

19 Future Multiwavelength Optical Networking with Agile 100 G Optical Trx, Rcv, Regen Business Access 100 G Regen with Add/Drop Metropolitan Access 100 G Trx/Rcv Long-haul 100 G Regen with Add/Drop Residential Access 100 G Regen with Add/Drop Metropolitan Access 100 G Trx/Rcv 19

Metropolitan Access 100 G Trx/Rcv Long-haul 100 G Regen with

20 Today s Serial vs. Parallel 100 G technology 100G serial transport 100G parallel transport (OTN VCAT) laser laser laser laser laser laser laser laser laser laser (b) Use single wavelength (can be multi-level) Needs 100 G (or 2x50G) electronics Better spectral efficiency but more sensitive to dispersion and PMD Use multiple wavelengths & modulators Needs 10 G electronics with possible synchronization Manageable dispersion and PMD but poorer spectral efficiency 20

laser laser laser laser laser (b) Use single wavelength (can be multi-level) Needs 100 G (or 2x50G) electronics

21 OAWG based 100 G~1Tb/s Transmission with ~10 G electronics AM PM Optical Comb Generator DEMUX AM PM MUX AM PM 21 At a glance, this is useful for parallel 40G/100G Trx/Rcv with independent ASK, PSK, DPSK, QPSK, DQPSK, etc. 21!

22 1 THz (100ch x 10 GHz) OAWG encoder Mask Layout Fabricated Chip 22

23 360 Gb/s PRBS Data OOK & DPSK (experiment) DPSK OOK 23

24 Predistorted 360 Gb/s 10 km Single Mode Fiber Transmission Results DPSK OOK 24

25 400 Gb/s NRZ-OOK PRBS generation 1 bit/s-hz 400 Gb/s NRZ-OOK PRBS generation (40-bit-length) (a) Spectral domain (blue) intensity and (red) phase targets indicated by x. (b) Time-domain optical field (blue) intensity and (red) phase. Target packet indicated by lighter shades. (c) Target and (d) measured eye diagrams. 25

26 1.2 Tb/s NRZ-16QAM PRBS with 3 bit/s-hz 120 bit 1200 Gb/s NRZ-QAM packet (a) spectral intensity (blue) and phase (red), and (b) optical field (blue) intensity, (red) phase. Target indicated by lighter shades and x. (c) Target and (d) measured constellation diagrams. 26

27 Optical Arbitrary Waveform Measurements Spectral slices of the signal (S) are coherently detected using a 90 optical hybrid circuit (OHC) and a single mode from the LO OFC Fast photodiodes (bandwidth>spectral slice width) measure the four OHC outputs Post processing reconstructs signal from measured outputs 27

28 Flexible Spectral Slice Networking 28

29 Computing of the Future MegaWatts of Power 100 s of racks 29

30 Interconnection Topologies Folded Clos = Folded Benes = Fat tree network T.M. Pinkston, J. Duato, with major contributions by J. Filchv Forward Nodes at tree leaves Switches at tree vertices Total link bandwidth is constant across all tree levels, with full bisection bandwidth Equivalent to folded Benes topology Preferred topology in many system area networks 30 Backward

31 Scalable and Low Latency Optical Switch

32 Normalized Goodput vs. Load 32

33 End-to-End Latency 33

34 Key Points Future Internet with New Architecture Exploiting Optical Parallelism, Optical Performance Monitoring, Integrated Photonics Energy Efficient & High-Performance: Low Latency, High Throughput, Parallel Processing OLS Networking: integration of Circuit, Flow, Burst, and Packet Switching Pipelined Processing Store-and-Forward Smart Edge and Fast Core Exploit WAVELENGTH domain, and use Wavelength-Time- Space Domain contention resolution Computing of the future Contention-free optical interconnection switch Extremely low latency and high throughput 34 High Throughput and Parallel Computing

SDH and WDM: a look at the physical layer

SDH and WDM: a look at the physical SDH and WDM A look at the physical Andrea Bianco Telecommunication Network Group firstname.lastname@polito.it http://www.telematica.polito.it/ Network management and