PLANEAMENTO E GESTÃO DE REDES INFORMÁTICAS COMPUTER NETWORKS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
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1 Mestrado em Engenharia Informática e de Computadores PLANEAMENTO E GESTÃO DE REDES INFORMÁTICAS COMPUTER NETWORKS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT Conceitos de Redes e Arquitecturas - Networks and Architectures Concepts 1
2 What is a Communication Network? From end-system point of view Network offers a service: move information - Bird, fire, messenger, truck, telegraph, telephone, Internet - Another example, transportation service: move objects Horse, train, truck, airplane... What distinguish different types of networks? - The services they provide What distinguish the services? - Latency - Bandwidth - Loss rate - Number of end systems - Service interface (how to invoke the service?) - Other details Reliability, unicast vs. multicast, real-time, message vs. byte... 2
3 What is a Communication Network? Infrastructure Centric View Electrons and photons as communication medium Links: fiber, copper, satellite, Switches: electronic/optic, crossbar Protocols: TCP/IP, ATM, MPLS, SDH, Ethernet, X.25, FrameRelay, AppleTalk, IPX, SNA Functionalities: routing, error control, flow control, congestion control, Quality of Service (QoS) Applications: FTP, WEB, X windows,... 3
4 Types of Networks Geographical distance - Local Area Networks (LAN): Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI - Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN): DQDB, SMDS - Wide Area Networks (WAN): X.25, ATM, Frame Relay - Caveat: LAN, MAN, WAN may mean different things Service, network technology, networks Information type - Data networks vs. telecommunication networks Application type - Special purpose networks: airline reservation network, banking network, credit card network, telephony - General purpose network: Internet 4
5 Types of Networks Right to use - Private: enterprise networks - Public: telephony network, Internet Ownership of protocols - Proprietary: SNA - Open: IP Technologies - Terrestrial vs. satellite - Wired vs. wireless Protocols - IP, AppleTalk, SNA 5
6 The Internet Global scale, general purpose, heterogeneous -technologies, public, computer network Internet Protocol - Open standard: Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as standard body ( ) - Technical basis for other types of networks Intranet: enterprise IP network Developed by the research community 6
7 The Internet Physical Infrastructure ISP Backbone ISP Residential Access - Modem - DSL - Cable modem - Satellite Enterprise/ISP access, Backbone transmission - E1/E3 - STM-1 - ATM vs. SSDH, vs. WDM Campus network - Ethernet, ATM Internet Service Providers - access, regional, backbone - Point of Presence (POP) - Network Access Point (NAP) 7
8 Taxonomy Communication networks can be classified based on the way in which the nodes exchange information: Communication Network Switched Communication Network Broadcast Communication Network Circuit-Switched Communication Network Datagram Network Packet-Switched Communication Network Virtual Circuit Network 8
9 Broadcast versus Switched Broadcast communication networks - Information transmitted by any node is received by every other node in the network Examples: usually in LANs (Ethernet, Wavelan) - Problem: coordinate the access of all nodes to the shared communication medium (Multiple Access Problem) Switched communication networks - Information is transmitted to a sub-set of designated nodes Examples: WANs (Telephony Network, Internet) - Problem: how to forward information to intended node(s) This is done by special nodes (e.g., routers, switches) running routing protocols 9
10 Circuit Switching 10
11 Timing in Circuit Switching Host 1 Host 2 Node 1 Node 2 Circuit Establishment Data Transmission DATA processing delay at Node 1 propagation delay between Host 1 and Node 1 propagation delay between Host 2 and Node 1 Circuit Termination 11
12 Circuit Switching incoming links Node outgoing links 12
13 Multiplexing/Demultiplexing Frames Slots =
14 Packet Switching Header Data Trailer 14
15 Packet Switching incoming links Node Memory outgoing links 15
16 Multiplexing/Demultiplexing 16
17 Datagram Packet Switching 17
18 Timing of Datagram Packet Switching Host 1 Host 2 Node 1 Node 2 transmission time of Packet 1 at Host 1 Packet 1 Packet 2 Packet 3 propagation delay between Host 1 and Node 2 Packet 1 Packet 2 Packet 3 processing delay of Packet 1 at Node 2 Packet 1 Packet 2 Packet 3 18
19 Datagram Packet Switching Packets to a destination may follow different paths Host C Host A Host D Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 5 Host B Node 4 Node 6 Node 7 Host E 19
20 Virtual-Circuit Packet Switching 20
21 Virtual-Circuit Packet Switching 21
22 Timing of Datagram Packet Switching Host 1 Host 2 Node 1 Node 2 VC establishment propagation delay between Host 1 and Node 1 Packet 1 Data transfer Packet 2 Packet 3 Packet 1 Packet 2 Packet 3 Packet 1 Packet 2 Packet 3 VC termination 22
23 Datagram Packet Switching Packets to a destination follow Virtual-Circuit path Host C Host A Host D Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 5 Host B Node 4 Node 6 Node 7 Host E 23
24 Packet-Switching vs. Circuit-Switching 24
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