Basics of Information Systems

Transcription

1 Basics of Information Systems Dr. LászlóKutor Basic Concepts Development Trends Information processing paradigms BIS 2014 BIS/31/1

2 Course Requirements First mid-term exam: Nov. 13, 2014 Final exam: Dec. 11, 2014 Retaking of the first test if missed: Dec. 11, 2014 Exam points: Grade % excellent (5) 76-88% good (4) 63-75% fair (3) 51-62% sufficient (2) 0-50% insufficient (1) Retaking of an unsuccessful exam: Dec. 18, Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/2

3 How to study? - Study regularly (rithm) - Focus on connections - Make notes (Date) - - Prepare the Study Questions - Search for connections - Think befor youstudy - Search the WEB - Practice - Makes study groups - Fing a good research topic! - Get a tablet J Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/3

4 Tablets at the airport Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/4

5 Tablets in the bar Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/5

6 Ordering food in the bar Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/6

7 The Main Topics of the Course 1: The scope of informatics, and its relationship to he related scientific disciplines Main factors in the evolution of informatics Basic concepts, relationships, tendencies Key information-processing paradigms and their features Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/7

8 The Main Topics of the Course 2: Analog and digital computational models The basic principles of information theory The main methods for representing information Principles of coding Classic source-, and channel coding methods Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/8

9 Associated Scientific Disciplines: (The roots of informatics) Computer Engineering Computer Science Cybernetics Information Theory Systems Theory Communication Theory Informatique (French) Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/9

10 Associated Scientific Disciplines 1: Computer engineering is a discipline that combines elements of both electrical engineering and computer science Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems Cybernetics is the study of communication and control, typically involving regulatory feedback, in living organisms, in machines and organizations and their combinations Visit Wikipedia!!! Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/10

11 Associated Scientific Disciplines 2. Information theory is a discipline in applied mathematics involving the quantification of information Systems theory is an interdisciplinary field that studies the properties of systems as a whole Telecommunications engineering focuses on the transmission of information across a channel such as a coax cable, optical fiber or free space. Visit Wikipedia!!! Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/11

12 The Evolution of the Informatics Profession General (civil) engineer Mechanical engineer Electrical engineer Computer engineer Informatics engineer Informatics BMF NIK Dr. László Kutor Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/12

13 Main characteristics of engineers - He/She always take things apart to find out how they work... - Also, has an insatiable desire to learn about new things... - Never listens to someone that says something cannot be done - He/She is typically bored to tears in a standard school.. Meaning, good grades are not really important... Skills and a201bilities: - Be a natural problem solver - Understand the nature of materials - Good core mathematics skills - Have decent observational abilities - Cost accounting skill Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/13

14 Main factors to be a good engineer EDUCATION: Ability to Understand Multiple Disciplines, Technical Credibility RESPONSIBILITIES: Early Responsibility, Work in Several Technical Areas, Ability to Produce a Product (On Time, In Budget) ON-THE-JOB TRAINING: Hands-on Hardware Experience, Knowledge of / Experience With System Simulations ATTITUDES WITH PEOPLE: Good Communicator and Listener, Can Communicate to all Management Levels, Patient, Curious, Honest, Friendly MANAGEMENT SKILLS: Ability to See "Big Picture, Team Management Skills, Understanding of Program Management ATTITUDES TOWARD WORK: Learns Independently, Willing to Take Risks, Willing to Take Responsibility Disciplined, Not Parochial, Pragmatic, "CanDo"Attitude, Adaptable Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/14

15 Definitions of Informatics 1. Information science The science of information processing Applied computer engineering The science of the origin of information and systems for systematizing Informatics as a general information science deals with the construction and operation of information systems. Informatics is the science of organizing information that represents human knowledge and communication in a technical, business and social context in a systematic, effective, and typically automatic manner Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/15

16 Definitions of Informatics 2. Informatics is the science of designing, managing and automating information systems, the most effective tool for which is the computer. Informatics is the branch of science that addresses all issues related to scientific information and its communication. Informatics is the study of the rules, methods, tools, organizations, and conditions for optimal application in society of scientific information throughout the entire process, including its birth, collection, storage, search, and dissemination to the ultimate end user. Informatics also encompasses the study of natural and artificial methods for describing and organizing information, including languages, various codes and coding systems, and the most efficient processes and techniques for storing, search, and transferring information Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/16

17 Definitions of Informatics 3. The theories related to the (computerized) storage, systematizing, processing and organizing of information and the practical application of these theories. Hungarian Dictionary 2003 (Technical) informatics deals with electronic processing of information and the design, management and operation of the systems that are necessary to accomplish this. Informatics (as a new branch of science) examines the structure, behavior and interaction of natural and artificial systems for information processing. University of Edinburg School of Informatics Informatics is the study of how natural and artificial systems store, process and communicate information. Research in informatics promises to take information technology to a new level, and to place information at the heart of 21st century science, technology and society Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/17

18 What is Informatics at OE-NIK (2014) The science of information processing Good combination of Theory and Practice design, implementation, operation in practice ősz Óbudai Egyetem NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/18

19 Principle Concepts of Informatics 1. Processing Power [MIPS, FLOPS, TFLOPS] Moore s Law: BIS/31/19

20 The Trend of Computation Power Calculations per Second per $1000 Logarithmic Plot Year Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/20

21 Doubling or Halving Times of IT Components Ray Kurzweil, 2005 Dynamic RAM Memory (bit /dollar) 1.5 years Average Transistor Price 1.6 years Microprocessor Cost-per-Transistor Cycle 1.1 years Total Bits Shipped 1.1 years Processor performance in MIPS 1.8 years Transistors in Intel Microprocessors 2.0 years Microprocessor Clock Speed 2.7 years Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/21

22 Principle Concepts of Informatics 2. Bandwidth [Hz, bps (Kbps, (Mbps) Broad band? Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/22

23 Empirical Laws of IT Moore's Law (Gordon Moore) The number of transistors on the microprocessors doubles every 18 months Gilder's Law (George Gilder) The bandwith of communication networks triples every year Metcalf's Law (Robert Metcalf) The value of a network is proportional to the square of the number of nodes Shugart's Law (Alen Shugart) The price of stored bits is halved every 18 months Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/23

24 The IT Evolution is exponential Linear! Logarithmic scale Knee of curve Time Time Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/24

25 Principle Concepts of Informatics 3. Hardware Software Firmware Shareware Freeware Netware Courseware Groupware Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/25

26 Information Processing Paradigms Analog - Digital Mechanical- Electronic - Optical Biological Main Features: The method of data representation The process of problem solving Accuracy Implementation The process of computation The method of programming Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László

27 The Main Features of Analog Techniques The method of data representation: Mapping physical values (variables) to other physical values The process of problem solving: Analogy, model Accuracy: Limited: % Implementation: Constructed (Operational) amplifiers The process of computation: Parallel The method of programming: Connections using wires (training) Analogy is the process of representing information about a particular subject (the analogue or source system) by another particular subject (the target system. Modell Both system can be described with the same differential equation Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/27

28 Analog System Representation c m y i c L r R d 2 y dy m * + r * + cy = 0 dt 2 dt d 2 i di L* + R* + ci = 0 dt 2 dt Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/28

29 Mechanical Analog Calculating Device (Airplane navigation instrument) Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/29

30 The Main Features of Digital Systems The method of data representation: Each physical value represented by (binary) numbers The process of problem solving: Works with Algorithms Accuracy: Depends (on the length) of the representation Implementation: Logical (digital) circuits The process of computation: Serial??? The method of programming: Algorithms based on instructions Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/30

31 Important Information Sources Kahn Academy 2. Steve Jobs beszéde a Stanfordi diplomaosztón 3. Isaac Asimov predicted the Internet of today 20 years ago 4. Arthur C. Clarke Predicts the Internet & PC (1974) 5. A MOOCról 6. Massive Open Online Courses. MOOC Alison Coursera EDx itunes University Kahn Academy Lynda OCW Udacity Udemy UoPeople MOOC összehasonlítás 7. TED 8. TEDxDanubia 9. Changind the educational paradigm How to escape educational "death valley" we now face, and how to nurture our Ray Kurzweil: The Coming Singularityhttp://youtu.be/1uIzS1uCOcE 12. Singulariy University A Singularity university impact report Antikythera mechanism Analog computer Óbuda University NIK, Dr. Kutor László BIS/31/