Fundamentals of Telecommunications
|
|
|
- Beverley Franklin
- 10 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Fundamentals of Telecommunications Professor of CIS Columbus, OH
2 Overview Time Division Multiplexing T1, T3, DS1, E1 T1 Framing Echo Cancellation Signaling 2
3 Time Division Multiplexing Voice signal has a bandwidth of 4 khz Nyquist sampling theorem: Sample at twice the highest signal frequency Sample at 8 khz Sample every 125 µsec 256 levels 8 bits per sample 8000 samples/sec = 64 kbps In 1962, telephone carrier (cable) between Bell System offices could carry approximately 1.5 Mbps over a mile = Distance between manholes in large cities = Distance between amplifiers 1500/64 24 Can multiplex approximately 24 voice channels on that carrier Telecommunication-1 carrier or T1 carrier. Named after the ANSI committee. 3
4 T1 Frame T1= 24 voice channels = Digital Service 1 = DS1 Used time-division multiplexing: Framing bit T1 Frame = 193 bits/125 µs Framing: Add (1 bit per frame) Frame 1 Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 0 Frame 1 Any other sequence Resynchronize 4
5 T1 Signaling Initially, 8th bit of every channel was used for signaling Now, every 6th frame, the 8th bit of each channel is used for signaling Net rate = (8 5+7)/(125 6) = kbps For digital data service, 24th channel is used for sync byte which allows faster and more reliable frame resynchronization. 8th bit in each of the 23 channels indicates whether the data is user s or system control 8th bit is not reliable Use only 7 bits per frame 56 kbps For mixture of voice and data, all 24 channels can be used. No sync bytes. 5
6 Subrate Multiplexing Used for data rates lower than 56 kbps. One bit of the 7 bits is used to indicate data rate 6 bits per channel = 48 kbps Five 9.6 kbps subchannels Ten 4.8 kbps subchannels Twenty 2.4 kbps subchannels Five subchannels Subchannel 1 uses frames 1, 6, 11,... 6
7 Digital TDM Hierarchy North America European Japan DS0 64 kbps 64 kbps 64 kbps DS1 DS Mbps Mbps E1 E Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps DS Mbps E Mbps Mbps DS Mbps E Mbps Mbps DS1C Mbps E Mbps Mbps 7
8 300 bps over Single Pair 300 bps modems (Bell 108 specification) Use frequency shift keying Hz, Hz in one direction Hz, Hz in the other direction Signal Strength Frequency 8
9 Echo Cancellation Problem: Full duplex transmission over a single pair Solution 1: Use different frequencies for the two directions. Only half of the bandwidth available for each direction Solution 2: Use digital signal Some part of the signal returns (echo). Near-end and far-end echoes Transmitter Receiver Near-end Far-end Receiver Transmitter Echo Cancellation: Estimate echo and subtract from received signal. Transmitted signal is known. Reflections from various distances along the path are estimated and subtracted from the received signal 144 kbps up to 4 km 9
10 Time-Compression Multiplexing Half-duplex transmission Central office and subscriber take turns for transmitting Some time is allowed for propagation delay and for the line to turn around Wire rate is more than twice the signal rate X1 Y1 X2 Y2 X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Propagation delay Guard time 10
11 Optical Fiber in the Local Loop Distribution network uses a star topology Feeder cables connect central office to remote nodes Initially, feeder cables can be replaced via fiber. May multiplex using TDM or WDM Active star Remote node It multiplexes/demultiplexes. Passive star remote node Subscriber equipment multiplexes/demultiplexes Bundles of TP Individual TP Central Office 11 Remote Node
12 Circuit Switching Three Phases: Circuit setup, Signal Transfer, Circuit Disconnect Hierarchical System: Subscribers are connected to local exchanges (or end offices), which are connected via trunks to other tandem or toll switching centers. Routing can be static or adaptive. Load independent or load dependent. 12
13 Signaling Signal = Control Signaling in telephone networks = Control messages in computer networks Examples: Connection setup request = Off-hook signal from telephone to switch Connection setup acknowledge = Dial tone Destination address = Pulse or tone dialing Destination busy = Busy tone Destination Available = Ringing tone 13
14 Other Signaling Functions Transmission of dialed number between switches Transmission of information between switches indicating that a call cannot be completed Transmission of billing information Transmission of information for diagnosing and isolating failures Control of satellite channels 14
15 Types of Signaling Functions Supervisory: To obtain resources to establish/hold/release a connection. Includes information sent back to the subscriber's switch about the status of the call. Address: Identify destination. Subscriber to switch. Between switches. Call information: Provide call status to the calling subscriber Network Management: Operation, troubleshooting, and maintenance of the network. Not directly involved in call establishment/termination. Signaling between a subscriber and the network is different (simple) from that inside the network. 15
16 Signaling Channel In-band signaling Signaling over the same channel as payload Out-of-band signaling Separate channels for signaling (but may be same physical circuits) Common Channel Signaling (CCS) Separate circuits for signaling Allows several new functions, such as 800 Payload Signaling 16
17 Signaling Modes Associated Mode: CCS follows the same path as payload Nonassociated Mode: CCS uses a separate network 17
18 Summary T1, DS1, DS3,... T1 Frames consist of 193 bits per 125 µs. Echo cancellation is required if sharing the same wire-pair for both directions. Optical fiber can be used to replace feeder cable. Signaling: In band vs Common Channel, associated vs nonassociated.. 18
19 Homework Read chapter 2 and sections of Stallings (ISDN and Broadband ISDN) Submit answer to exercise
Three Network Technologies
Three Network Technologies Network The largest worldwide computer network, specialized for voice ing technique: Circuit-switching Internet The global public information infrastructure for data ing technique:
10/13/2008 Vasile Dadarlat --Computer Networks 1
Lecture 4 Communications Channels Definition: the part that connects a data source to a data sink; based on the transmission media. Classification criteria: -type of the link (connection): point-to-point,
Analog vs. Digital Transmission
Analog vs. Digital Transmission Compare at two levels: 1. Data continuous (audio) vs. discrete (text) 2. Signaling continuously varying electromagnetic wave vs. sequence of voltage pulses. Also Transmission
(Refer Slide Time: 2:10)
Data Communications Prof. A. Pal Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture-12 Multiplexer Applications-1 Hello and welcome to today s lecture on multiplexer
Course 1. General view on the fixed telephone network. Digital networks. General aspects. Definitions.
Course 1. General view on the fixed telephone network. Digital networks. General aspects. Definitions. 1. General view on the fixed telephone network Communication network dedicated to voice transmission;
Chapter 6 Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading 6.1
Chapter 6 Bandwidth Utilization: Multiplexing and Spreading 6.1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Note Bandwidth utilization is the wise use of
BROADBAND AND HIGH SPEED NETWORKS
BROADBAND AND HIGH SPEED NETWORKS INTRODUCTION TO MUTIPLEXING Multiplexing is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link INTRODUCTION
Public Switched Telephone System
Public Switched Telephone System Structure of the Telephone System The Local Loop: Modems, ADSL Structure of the Telephone System (a) Fully-interconnected network. (b) Centralized switch. (c) Two-level
Chapter 11: WAN. Abdullah Konak School of Information Sciences and Technology Penn State Berks. Wide Area Networks (WAN)
Chapter 11: WAN Abdullah Konak School of Information Sciences and Technology Penn State Berks Wide Area Networks (WAN) The scope of a WAN covers large geographic areas including national and international
Sol: Optical range from λ 1 to λ 1 +Δλ contains bandwidth
1. Use Figure 3.47 and Figure 3.50 to explain why the bandwidth of twisted-wire pairs and coaxial cable decreases with distance. Figure 3.47 figure 3.50 sol: The bandwidth is the range of frequencies where
EECC694 - Shaaban. Transmission Channel
The Physical Layer: Data Transmission Basics Encode data as energy at the data (information) source and transmit the encoded energy using transmitter hardware: Possible Energy Forms: Electrical, light,
TCOM 370 NOTES 99-6 VOICE DIGITIZATION AND VOICE/DATA INTEGRATION
TCOM 370 NOTES 99-6 VOICE DIGITIZATION AND VOICE/DATA INTEGRATION (Please read appropriate parts of Section 2.5.2 in book) 1. VOICE DIGITIZATION IN THE PSTN The frequencies contained in telephone-quality
CHAPTER 8 MULTIPLEXING
CHAPTER MULTIPLEXING 3 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS.1 Multiplexing is cost-effective because the higher the data rate, the more cost-effective the transmission facility.. Interference is avoided under frequency
Multiplexing. Multiplexing is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single physical medium.
Multiplexing Multiplexing is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single physical medium. The following two factors in data communications lead to
Long Distance Connection and WAN
Lecture 6 Long Distance Connection and WAN Digital Telephone, PCM and Nyquist Sampling Theorem DSU/CSU, T Line Series and OC line Series Local Loop DSL Technologies - ADSL, HDSL, SDSL, VDSL Cable Modem
Introduction to Communication Networks Spring 2007. Unit 5 Switching Principles
Introduction to Communication Networks Spring 2007 Unit 5 Switching Principles Acknowledgements slides comming from: Data and Computer Communication by Wiliam Stallings (our supplementary textbook) numerous
The Telephone Network. An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking
The Telephone Network An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking Is it a computer network? Specialized to carry voice Also carries telemetry video fax modem calls Internally, uses digital samples Switches
Local Area Network By Bhupendra Ratha, Lecturer School of Library and Information Science Devi Ahilya University, Indore Email: [email protected] Local Area Network LANs connect computers and peripheral
Chap 4 Circuit-Switching Networks
hap 4 ircuit-switching Networks Provide dedicated circuits between users Example: 1. telephone network: provides 64Kbps circuits for voice signals 64Kbps=8 k samples/sec * 8 bits/sample 2. transport network:
Overview of the Telecommunications Network
1 Overview of the Telecommunications Network 15 Telecommunication Networks 2 Basic purpose of a telecommunications network: transmit user information in any form to another user of the network. Many forms
Lecture 12 Transport Networks (SONET) and circuit-switched networks
CS4/MSc Computer Networking Lecture 1 Transport Networks (SONET) and circuit-switched networks Computer Networking, Copyright University of Edinburgh 005 Transport Networks and SONET/SDH In most cases
Telecommunications systems (Part 1)
School of Business Eastern Illinois University Telecommunications systems (Part 1) (Week 11, Thursday 11/02/2006) Abdou Illia, Fall 2006 Learning Objectives 2 Describe and compare types of connection to
Introduction to SS7 Signaling This tutorial provides an overview of Signaling System No. 7 (SS7) network architecture and protocols
Introduction to SS7 Signaling This tutorial provides an overview of Signaling System No. 7 (SS7) network architecture and protocols SS7 is a set of telephony signaling protocols that are used to set up
Data Transmission. Data Communications Model. CSE 3461 / 5461: Computer Networking & Internet Technologies. Presentation B
CSE 3461 / 5461: Computer Networking & Internet Technologies Data Transmission Presentation B Kannan Srinivasan 08/30/2012 Data Communications Model Figure 1.2 Studying Assignment: 3.1-3.4, 4.1 Presentation
Traditional Telephony
Traditional Telephony Basic Components of a Telephony Network This topic introduces the components of traditional telephony networks. Basic Components of a Telephony Network 3 A number of components must
Telecommunications, Networks, and Wireless Computing
Objectives Telecommunications, Networks, and Wireless Computing 1. What are the features of a contemporary corporate telecommunications system? On what major technology developments are they based? 2.
Network Technologies
Network Technologies Telephone Networks IP Networks ATM Networks Three Network Technologies Telephone Network The largest worldwide computer network, specialized for voice ing technique: Circuit-switching
R2. The word protocol is often used to describe diplomatic relations. How does Wikipedia describe diplomatic protocol?
Chapter 1 Review Questions R1. What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end systems. Is a Web server an end system? 1. There is no difference. Throughout
Chapter 8: The Telephone System
Chapter 8: The Telephone System MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. DTMF stands for: a. Digital Telephony Multiple Frequency c. Dual-Tone Multifrequency b. Dial Tone Master Frequency d. Digital Trunk Master Frequency 2.
:-------------------------------------------------------Instructor---------------------
Yarmouk University Hijjawi Faculty for Engineering Technology Computer Engineering Department CPE-462 Digital Data Communications Final Exam: A Date: 20/05/09 Student Name :-------------------------------------------------------Instructor---------------------
Access to Data & Computer Networks Physical Level
Lecture 7 Access to Data & Computer Networks Physical Level Serial Interface RS232C, RS232D RS449, X21 Modem Traditional Modem Intelligent modem Wireless Modem Digital Telephony T1 & E1 Systems SONET/SDH
Data Transmission. Raj Jain. Professor of CIS. The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH 43210 [email protected] http://www.cis.ohio-state.
Data Transmission Professor of CIS Columbus, OH 43210 [email protected] http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/ 2-1 Overview Time Domain and Frequency Domain Bit, Hertz Decibels Data vs Signal Attenuation, Delay
FURTHER READING: As a preview for further reading, the following reference has been provided from the pages of the book below:
FURTHER READING: As a preview for further reading, the following reference has been provided from the pages of the book below: Title: Signaling System #7 Second Edition Author: Travis Russell Publisher:
Multiplexing on Wireline Telephone Systems
Multiplexing on Wireline Telephone Systems Isha Batra, Divya Raheja Information Technology, Dronacharya College of Engineering Farrukh Nagar, Gurgaon, India ABSTRACT- This Paper Outlines a research multiplexing
How To Encode Data From A Signal To A Signal (Wired) To A Bitcode (Wired Or Coaxial)
Physical Layer Part 2 Data Encoding Techniques Networks: Data Encoding 1 Analog and Digital Transmissions Figure 2-23.The use of both analog and digital transmissions for a computer to computer call. Conversion
DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING. Solved Examples
Page 1 of 10 DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING Solved Examples References: STA: Stallings, Data and Computer Communications, 6 th ed. TAN: Tannenbaum, Computer Networks, 4 th ed.) 1. Given the following
APPENDIX A GENERAL DEFINITIONS & SERVICE FUNCTIONS
APPENDIX A GENERAL DEFINITIONS & SERVICE FUNCTIONS This Appendix provides the basic definitions and service functions of local communications services under the scope of this contract. The Government requires
Analysis of xdsl Technologies
International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering 897 Available Online at www.ijecse.org ISSN- 2277-1956 Analysis of xdsl Technologies Dimple Saproo 1, Megha Goyal 2, Asha Bhagashra
- T-Carrier Technologies -
1 T-Carrier Fundamentals - T-Carrier Technologies - T-Carrier systems provide digitized communication for voice or data traffic across a telephone provider s network. The T-Carrier specification defines
Telecommunications systems (Part 2)
School of Business Eastern Illinois University Telecommunications systems (Part 2) Abdou Illia, Spring 2007 (Week 12, Thursday 3/29/2007) T-1 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Cellular Telephone System Integrated
Think! Think! Data communications. Long-Distance. Modems: to analog and back. Transmission Media. The last mile is the hardest for digital information
Data communications Think! Think!?? What makes it possible to communicate from point A to point B?? Long-Distance Transmission Media If you place a call outside the local transport area, an interchange
ADSL or Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. Backbone. Bandwidth. Bit. Bits Per Second or bps
ADSL or Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Backbone Bandwidth Bit Commonly called DSL. Technology and equipment that allow high-speed communication across standard copper telephone wires. This can include
DigiPoints Volume 1. Student Workbook. Module 5 Growing Capacity Through Technology
Growing Capacity Through Technology Page 5. 1 DigiPoints Volume 1 Module 5 Growing Capacity Through Technology Summary This module covers the North American Digital Hierarchy (NADH), the European Digital
LECTURE #31. Telephone Services. Data Communication (CS601) Common carrier Services & Hierarchies
LECTURE #31 Telephone Services Common carrier Services & Hierarchies o Telephone companies began by providing their subscribers with ANALOG services using ANALOG networks o Later digital services were
The Telephone Network
The Telephone Network 1 2 PSTN public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the largest and most widespread communications network in the world For computer communications used to link remote sites of organisation
By: Mohsen Aminifar Fall 2014
By: Mohsen Aminifar Fall 2014 Contact Information: E-Mail: [email protected] [email protected] Phone : 021-22919726 09128442885 Website : http://parsenet.ir http://aminifar.ir SMS Center : 5000262175
Objectives. Lecture 4. How do computers communicate? How do computers communicate? Local asynchronous communication. How do computers communicate?
Lecture 4 Continuation of transmission basics Chapter 3, pages 75-96 Dave Novak School of Business University of Vermont Objectives Line coding Modulation AM, FM, Phase Shift Multiplexing FDM, TDM, WDM
How To Get A Phone In The United States
Telephone Systems COMP476 Home Telephones Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) provides a twisted pair connection from your phone to the central office. You own your home wiring and the telephone company
1.264 Lecture 32. Telecom: Basic technology. Next class: Green chapter 4, 6, 7, 10. Exercise due before class
1.264 Lecture 32 Telecom: Basic technology Next class: Green chapter 4, 6, 7, 10. Exercise due before class 1 Exercise 1 Communications at warehouse A warehouse scans its inventory with RFID readers that
The Telephone Network
The Telephone Network An Engineering Approach Ref: Digital Telephony (John Bellamy) and Fundamentals of Telecommunications (R. L. Freeman) Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering (Second
ISDN. Raj Jain. Professor of CIS. The Ohio State University. Columbus, OH 43210 http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/ Raj Jain
ISDN Professor of CIS Columbus, OH 43210 http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/ 1 Overview History Interfaces and protocol layers Reference points Addressing 2 Integrated Digital Networks Integrated Both
Lecture 21 ISDN Integrated Digital Network.
Lecture 21 ISDN is an acronym for Integrated Services Digital Network. ISDN was developed to cater the needs of users who want high data rate, since conventional telephone line is not capable of providing
Public Network. 1. Relatively long physical distance 2. Requiring a service provider (carrier) Branch Office. Home. Private Network.
Introduction to LAN TDC 363 Week 4 Connecting LAN to WAN Book: Chapter 7 1 Outline Wide Area Network (WAN): definition WAN Topologies Choices of WAN technologies Dial-up ISDN T1 Frame Relay DSL Remote
ISDN. Raj Jain. Professor of CIS The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 [email protected] http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/ Raj Jain
ISDN Professor of CIS Columbus, OH 43210 [email protected] http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/ 1 Overview History Interfaces and protocol layers Reference points Addressing 2 Integrated Digital
XDSL and DSLAM Access Technologies
XDSL and DSLAM Access Technologies Abstract What are the differences between the different forms of xdsl technology, such as ADSL and HDSL? How are they implemented. What are the limitations? What are
Megaplex-2100/2104 Modules ML-1/2E1/T1, MLF-1/2E1/T1
Data Sheet Megaplex-2100/2104 Modules ML-1/2E1/T1, MLF-1/2E1/T1 Copper or Fiber Optic Interface, Single/Dual E1/T1 Main Link Modules Connecting Megaplex-2100/2104 to various E1 and T1 services One or two
Chapter 9A. Network Definition. The Uses of a Network. Network Basics
Chapter 9A Network Basics 1 Network Definition Set of technologies that connects computers Allows communication and collaboration between users 2 The Uses of a Network Simultaneous access to data Data
CHAPTER 18 THE PUBLIC TELEPHONE NETWORK # DEFINITIONS TERMS
CHAPTER 18 THE PUBLIC TELEPHONE NETWORK # DEFINITIONS TERMS 1) It uses the largest computer network in the world to interconnect millions of subscribers in such a way that the myriad of companies function
TUTORIAL FOR CHAPTER 8
TUTORIAL FOR CHAPTER 8 PROBLEM 1) The informaiton in four analog signals is to be multiplexed and transmitted over a telephone channel that has a 400 to 3100 Hz bandpass. Each of the analog baseband signals
LECTURE 5: Wide Area Networks (WANs) CIS484. Communications Systems. Summer 2015 Instructor: Dr. Song Xing
LECTURE 5: Wide Area Networks (WANs) CIS484 Summer 2015 Instructor: Dr. Song Xing Department of Information Systems California State University, Los Angeles Outlines Introduction to WAN Point-to-point
2-Pair HDSL1 Adtran Fiber Optic Link System
ISSUE 2 June 01, 2004 Data Sheet #37 2-Pair HDSL1 Adtran Fiber Optic Link System Contents 1. General. 1 2. Application... 2 3. Housings.. 2 4. Installation 3 5. Provisioning. 5 6. LED Indicators. 6 7.
Monthly Charge For each 1/4 mile or fraction thereof:... $1.00
Original Sheet 1 MILEAGE CHARGES EXTENSION STATION When an extension station, bell, gong, or horn, or PBX station is located in a building separate and apart from that housing the main station, an additional
T1 Networking Made Easy
T1 Networking Made Easy 1 THE T1 CARRIER 3 WHAT DOES A T1 LOOK LIKE? 3 T1 BANDWIDTH 3 T1 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 4 T1 FRAMING 5 LINE CODE 6 T1 NETWORKING 6 TELCOS 6 PSTN ACCESS WITH A T1 8 SUMMARY OF
Communication Networks. MAP-TELE 2011/12 José Ruela
Communication Networks MAP-TELE 2011/12 José Ruela Network basic mechanisms Introduction to Communications Networks Communications networks Communications networks are used to transport information (data)
Unit of Learning # 2 The Physical Layer. Redes de Datos Sergio Guíñez Molinos [email protected] 1-2009
Unit of Learning # 2 The Physical Layer Redes de Datos Sergio Guíñez Molinos [email protected] 1-2009 The Theoretical Basis for Data Communication Sergio Guíñez Molinos Redes de Computadores 2 The Theoretical
Appendix D T1 Overview
Appendix D T Overview GENERAL T refers to the primary digital telephone carrier system used in North America. T is one line type of the PCM T-carrier hierarchy listed in Table D-. T describes the cabling,
Narrowband and Broadband Access Technologies
Computer Networks and Internets, 5e Chapters 12 and 16 Access and Interconnection Technologies (slidesets abridged/combined) By Douglas Comer Modified from the lecture slides of Lami Kaya ([email protected])
Solutions to Chapter 4
Solutions to Chapter 4 1. A television transmission channel occupies a bandwidth of 6 MHz. a. How many two-way 30 khz analog voice channels can be frequency-division multiplexed in a single television
Supplement No. 13 - Telephone PA P.U.C. - No. 5
Supplement No. 13 - Telephone PA P.U.C. - No. 5 First Revised Sheet 1 Canceling Original Sheet 1 MILEAGE CHARGES EXCHANGE LINE When one-party and existing two-party line service is furnished at a point
Introduction to Optical Networks
Yatindra Nath Singh Assistant Professor Electrical Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Email: [email protected] http://home.iitk.ac.in/~ynsingh 1 What are optical network? Telecomm
TYPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
TYPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS PART-I OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS Q.1. The number of point to point links required in a fully connected network for 50 entities is (A) 1250 (B) 1225 (C) 2500 (D) 50 (C) Q.2. For
Voice and Delivery Data Networks
Voice and Delivery Data Networks Chapter 11 Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Identify the basic elements of a telephone system Describe the composition of the telephone
Residential Broadband: Technologies for High-Speed Access To Homes
Residential Broadband: Technologies for High-Speed Access To Homes The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210-1277 1277 http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~jain/ 1 Overview 56 kbps Modems, ISDN ADSL, VDSL
Introduction to ADSL. NEXTEP Broadband White Paper. Broadband Networks Group. A primer on Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line transmission technology.
NEXTEP Broadband White Paper Introduction to ADSL A primer on Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line transmission technology. A NEXTEP Broadband White Paper May 2001 Broadband Networks Group Introduction to
Teleprotection Schemes and Equipment. James W. Ebrecht Young Power Equipment Scottsdale, AZ
* Teleprotection Schemes and Equipment James W. Ebrecht Young Power Equipment Scottsdale, AZ Teleprotection Schemes And Equipment ~ ~ Relay Relay Teleprotection Communications channel Teleprotection Protection
Network+ Guide to Networks 6 th Edition. Chapter 7 Wide Area Networks
Network+ Guide to Networks 6 th Edition Chapter 7 Wide Area Networks Objectives Identify a variety of uses for WANs Explain different WAN topologies, including their advantages and disadvantages Compare
WAN Data Link Protocols
WAN Data Link Protocols In addition to Physical layer devices, WANs require Data Link layer protocols to establish the link across the communication line from the sending to the receiving device. 1 Data
Glossary of Telco Terms
Glossary of Telco Terms Access Generally refers to the connection between your business and the public phone network, or between your business and another dedicated location. A large portion of your business
ECE 510 -- Chapter 1
ECE 510 -- Chapter 1 Definition: Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Public network technology that delivers high bandwidth over conventional copper wiring at limited distances. There are four major types of
Telephony Fundamentals
+ Telephony Fundamentals Basic Telephony general terms Central Office (CO) - the telephone facility where telephone users lines are joined together to switching equipment that connects telephone users
Physical Layer. Communication Satellites. ECE 453 Introduction to Computer Networks. Lecture 3 Physical Layer II
ECE 453 Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 3 Physical Layer II 1 Physical Layer Services transmit bits from sender to receiver. Transmission media Guided: twisted pair, coax, fiber Unguided (wireless):
Network Performance: Networks must be fast. What are the essential network performance metrics: bandwidth and latency
Network Performance: Networks must be fast What are the essential network performance metrics: bandwidth and latency Transmission media AS systems Input'signal'f(t) Has'bandwidth'B System'with'H(-) Output'signal'g(t)
Introduction, Rate and Latency
Introduction, Rate and Latency Communication Networks Why communicate? Necessary to support some application. Example Applications Audio communication Radio, Telephone Text communication Email, SMS (text
Telecommunications and the Information Age ET108B. Cell Phone Network
Telecommunications and the Information Age ET108B Cell Phone Network The Cellular Telephone Network Cellular Telephone Features Carrying Data Across the Cellular Network Satellite Telephone Service Cellular
How To Understand The Technical Specifications Of Videoconferencing
Videoconferencing Glossary Algorithm A set of specifications that define methods and procedures for transmitting audio, video, and data. Analog Gateway A means of connecting dissimilar codecs. Incoming
Intel System Engineers Documents. DSL General Overview
Intel System Engineers Documents DSL General Overview Alex Lattanzi SC LAR Whatt IIs Brroadband? Broadband describes a number of different technologies that deliver digital data to homes and businesses
SIP Trunking and Voice over IP
SIP Trunking and Voice over IP Agenda What is SIP Trunking? SIP Signaling How is Voice encoded and transported? What are the Voice over IP Impairments? How is Voice Quality measured? VoIP Technology Confidential
2 Basic Concepts. Contents
2. Basic Concepts Contents 2 Basic Concepts a. Link configuration b. Topology c. Transmission mode d. Classes of networks 1 a. Link Configuration Data links A direct data link is one that establishes a
How To Get High Speed Internet In Australia
ADSL vs Cable Cable subscribers are connected directly to high speed lines while ADSL subscribers are connected directly to medium speed lines Cable subscribers share the line connecting them to neighbourhood
ADSL2 AND ADSL2plus THE NEW ADSL STANDARDS
ADSL2 AND ADSL2plus THE NEW ADSL STANDARDS March 25, 2003 ADSL2 AND ADSL2plus - THE NEW ADSL STANDARDS In July 2002, the ITU completed G.992.3 and G.992.4 1, two new standards for ADSL technology collectively
EXAMPLES AND PROBLEMS. Competence Based Education Internet Protocols
EXAMPLES AND PROBLEMS Competence Based Education Internet Protocols Example 1 In following figure frames are generated at node A and sent to node C through node B. Determine the minimum transmission rate
The Conversion Technology Experts. Media Conversion: Cost-Effectively Integrating T1 into your Fiber Network
The Conversion Technology Experts Media Conversion: Cost-Effectively Integrating T1 into your Fiber Network Media Conversion: Cost Effectively Integrating T1 into Your Fiber Network Revealing some simple
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Transmission Methods
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Transmission Methods 1. Overview... 1 2. SHDSL Transmission Methods... 1 SHDSL Transmission System Versions... 1 SHDSL Transmission Subsystem Structure... 1 SHDSL Modulation
WAN. Introduction. Services used by WAN. Circuit Switched Services. Architecture of Switch Services
WAN Introduction Wide area networks (WANs) Connect BNs and LANs across longer distances, often hundreds of miles or more Typically built by using leased circuits from common carriers such as AT&T Most
GSM and Similar Architectures Lesson 07 GSM Radio Interface, Data bursts and Interleaving
GSM and Similar Architectures Lesson 07 GSM Radio Interface, Data bursts and Interleaving 1 Space Division Multiple Access of the signals from the MSs A BTS with n directed antennae covers mobile stations
INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND TRANSMISSION MEDIA
COMM.ENG INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND TRANSMISSION MEDIA 9/6/2014 LECTURES 1 Objectives To give a background on Communication system components and channels (media) A distinction between analogue
NXU RoIP Link to Eliminate Voice-Grade Leased Line
NXU RoIP Link to Eliminate Voice-Grade Leased Line Purpose This Application Note will describe a method at which Network Extension Units (NXUs) can be utilized on an existing digital network to eliminate
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS ADVISORY COMMITTEE TSAC WORKING GROUP ON NEW STANDARDS AND POLICY (NSP)
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS ADVISORY COMMITTEE TSAC WORKING GROUP ON NEW STANDARDS AND POLICY (NSP) Introduction Development of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Technology This paper introduces the development
Course 12 Synchronous transmission multiplexing systems used in digital telephone networks
Course 12 Synchronous transmission multiplexing systems used in digital telephone networks o Disadvantages of the PDH transmission multiplexing system PDH: no unitary international standardization of the