Autumn Oct 21, Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Network Protocols and Standards 1 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Network Protocols and Standards 2
|
|
- Job Ward
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 IPv4 IP: Addressing, ARP, Routing Protocols and Standards Autumn IP Datagram Format IPv4 Addressing ARP and RARP IP Routing Basics Subnetting and Supernetting ICMP Address Translation (NAT) Dynamic Addressing Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 1 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 2 Internet Addresses (IP Addresses) Defined when IP was standardized in 1981 IP addresses are 32-bit long and consist of: a network address part network identifier a host address part host number within that network IP addresses are grouped into classes (A,B,C) depending on the size of the network identifier and the host part of the address A fourth class (Class D) was defined later (1988) for Multicast addresses Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E bits 0 NETWORK HOST (24 BITS) 10 NETWORK HOST (16 BITS) 110 NETWORK HOST (8 BITS) 1110 IP MULTICAST ADDRESSES (28 BITS) RESERVED FOR EXPERIMENTS Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 3 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 4 Class A 126 networks (0 and 127 reserved) Assigned to very large size networks where 65K < number of hosts < 16M Class B networks Assigned to Intermediate size networks where 256 < number of hosts < 65K Class C networks Assigned to smaller networks where #hosts < 256 Dotted Decimal Notation Internet addresses are represented in text by the dotted decimal notation each byte is written in decimal values (from 0 to 255) example: is written as Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 5 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 6 CS573: Protocols and Standards 1
2 Uniqueness of IP Addresses numbers are assigned by a central authority Class A B C D E Lowest Identifier Address Highest Identifier Address The Internet Information Center (InterNIC) Another authority, the IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority sets policy numbers are unique worldwide Host numbers are assigned by network managers They must be unique within a given network Thus, IP addresses are unique worldwide. Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 7 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 8 Special Purpose IP Addresses Means this host, used by machines as source address when they boot up (if they don t know their IP address, and need to get it from a boot server) Means limited broadcast. Used as a destination address to send packets to all hosts on the local network where the source is. Packets sent to this address are never relayed part all zeros Means the host on this network Host part all ones Broadcast address on the network specified in the network identifier; routers typically do not forward these datagrams Host part all zeros Broadcast address on the network specified in the network identifier (it was an implementation error in some networks) Special Purpose IP Addresses 127.x.x.x Means loopback (datagrams are looped back in software; they are not sent on any physical interface) Multicast address for All systems on this subnetwork Multicast address for All routers on this subnetwork Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 9 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 10 Internet Addresses Translating Between IP and MAC Addresses (ARP and RARP) 127 ALL 0 s ALL 0 s HOST ALL 1 s NET ALL 1 s ANYTHING This Host Host on this network Limited broadcast (local net) Directed broadcast (for NET) Loopback Each interface has an IP address at Layer 3, and a MAC address at Layer 2 Assume that host A wants to send a packet to host B (A and B on the same network) Host A knows the IP address of host B; however, in order to transmit the packet, host A must somehow know or find out what the MAC (layer 2) address of host B is! Solution: the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), RFC826 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 11 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 12 CS573: Protocols and Standards 2
3 Address Resolution Protocol Used to find the physical address of a target device on the local physical network, given only the target s IP address Mechanism: The source broadcasts a special packet asking the device with target IP address to respond with a message carrying the (IP address, physical address) mapping All devices on the local physical network receive the broadcast, but only the target recognizes its IP address and responds to the request When the source receives the reply, it sends the packet to the target using the target s physical address and places the mapping in its cache (a cache is used to prevent repeated broadcasts for the same destination) More on ARP ARP refinements Source includes its <IP address, physical address> mapping in the ARP request anticipating the target s need for it in the near future. This avoids extra network traffic When all machines receive the ARP request broadcast, they can store the address mapping in their cache. Do they? ARP is used when an IP to physical address mapping changes to notify hosts on the network of the change ARP messages are encapsulated in MAC frames. A special value in the type field of the frame is used to indicate that it is carrying an ARP message (0806 hex is used for ARP) Entries in the local ARP cache for each host time out after a certain period Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 13 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 14 ARP Message Format ARP Message HARDWARE TYPE PROTOCOL TYPE HLEN PLEN OPERATION SENDER HA (octets 0-3) SENDER HA (octets 4-5) SENDER IP (octets 0-1) SENDER IP (octets 2-3) TARGET HA (octets 0-1) TARGET HA (octets 2-5) TARGET IP (octets 0-3) 31 HARDWARE TYPE: specifies type of hardware interface for which the request is made (e.g., 1 for Ethernet) PROTOCOL TYPE: specifies high level protocol address supplied in message (e.g hex for IP) HLEN and PLEN: specify length of fields for hardware address and protocol address respectively OPERATION: specifies if this is an ARP request or reply message (1 for ARP request, 2 for ARP response, 3 for RARP request and 4 for RARP response) HA and IP: hardware and IP addresses respectively Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 15 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 16 Reverse ARP Usually, a machine s IP address is kept on its secondary storage (OS finds it at start up) Issue : Diskless Workstations! files are stored on a remote server need IP address to use TCP/IP to obtain initial boot image Solution : Use physical address to identify machine Given a physical network address, find the corresponding Internet address Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP), RFC903 RARP Mechanism Sender broadcasts a RARP request, supplying its physical network address in the Target HA field Only machines authorized to supply the RARP service (RARP servers) process the request and send a reply filling in the target internet address Mechanism allows a host to ask about an arbitrary target thus sender HA is separate from target HA address RARP server replies to sender s HA Ethernet frame Protocol Type for RARP is 8035 hex Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 17 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 18 CS573: Protocols and Standards 3
4 Routing IP Datagram IP Routing Protocols and Standards Autumn Direct Delivery (i.e., not involving routers): Transmission of an IP datagram between two machines on a single physical network does not involve routers The sender encapsulates the datagram in a physical frame, binds the destination IP address to a physical hardware address (using ARP), and sends the resulting frame directly to the destination The two machines are known to be on the same network because they have the same network identifier Router Example: A sends IP Datagram to B A B C Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 19 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 20 Routing IP Datagram Indirect delivery (i.e. through intermediate routers) Host performs routing decisions based on routing table indicating next hop Next hop refers to next router IP address on this network, via which the destination is reached Routing decisions are made based on network prefixes (not full IP address) The sender encapsulates the datagram in a frame with the router s physical destination address (which is found by means of ARP). Direct and Indirect Routing B wants to send packets to A and C! Host A Direct Routing: Router Packets sent directly using MAC address of A Indirect Routing: Packets sent to the MAC address Host B of the router. At the IP level, B is The source and C is the destination Internet Host C Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 21 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 22 IP Routing Decisions IP Routing Algorithm R3 R R Routing Table of R2 To Reach Hosts on Next Hop Address Direct Delivery Direct Delivery Router receives an IP datagram with network portion N and destination D If N is directly connected Transmit on that network Else If host specific entry for D exists Use next hop in that entry Else If route entry for N exists Use next hop in that entry Else If default route for next hop exists Use default route for next hop Else Declare error Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 23 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 24 CS573: Protocols and Standards 4
5 Routing Within Same Consider a small company with a single LAN to which a class C network address has been assigned The company is interested in adding another small physical network (connected to old network through a router) with a few hosts Question: Could this company assign these hosts IP addresses from the same C class network? i.e., could the two LANs share the same class C network address? Proxy ARP To Internet Main Router A B C Router R Main Hidden Used to allow two physical networks to share the same IP network prefix Router R s table is configured manually to route between these two networks Router R answers ARP requests on each network for hosts on the other network, giving its own hardware address as the target address D E Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 25 Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 26 Proxy ARP Advantage of Proxy ARP Router Can be added without disturbing the routing table in other hosts or routers on that network Disadvantages: Does not generalize to complex network topologies (does not scale) Does not support a reasonable form of routing. (relies on network managers to maintain tables of machines and addresses manually) Issues: Several IP addresses map to the same physical address. How to distinguish between a legitimate Proxy ARP router and spoofing? Oct 21, 2004 CS573: Protocols and Standards 27 CS573: Protocols and Standards 5
Internet Protocol Address
SFWR 4C03: Computer Networks & Computer Security Jan 17-21, 2005 Lecturer: Kartik Krishnan Lecture 7-9 Internet Protocol Address Addressing is a critical component of the internet abstraction. To give
More informationRARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
SFWR 4C03: Computer Networks and Computer Security January 19-22 2004 Lecturer: Kartik Krishnan Lectures 7-9 RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol When a system with a local disk is bootstrapped it
More informationGuide to TCP/IP, Third Edition. Chapter 3: Data Link and Network Layer TCP/IP Protocols
Guide to TCP/IP, Third Edition Chapter 3: Data Link and Network Layer TCP/IP Protocols Objectives Understand the role that data link protocols, such as SLIP and PPP, play for TCP/IP Distinguish among various
More informationEfficient Addressing. Outline. Addressing Subnetting Supernetting CS 640 1
Efficient Addressing Outline Addressing Subnetting Supernetting CS 640 1 IPV4 Global Addresses Properties IPv4 uses 32 bit address space globally unique hierarchical: network + host 7 24 Dot Notation 10.3.2.4
More information03 Internet Addressing
SE 4C03 Winter 2007 03 Internet Addressing William M. Farmer Department of Computing and Software McMaster University 13 January 2007 IP Addresses There are two Internet naming systems: 1. The primary
More informationBinding IP Addresses To Physical Hardware Addresses
Binding IP Addresses To Physical Hardware Addresses Must use physical addresses to send and receive packets Therefore, must map IP addresses to physical addresses Particular method depends on underlying
More informationInternetworking and Internet-1. Global Addresses
Internetworking and Internet Global Addresses IP servcie model has two parts Datagram (connectionless) packet delivery model Global addressing scheme awaytoidentifyall H in the internetwork Properties
More informationComputer Networks. Lecture 3: IP Protocol. Marcin Bieńkowski. Institute of Computer Science University of Wrocław
Computer Networks Lecture 3: IP Protocol Marcin Bieńkowski Institute of Computer Science University of Wrocław Computer networks (II UWr) Lecture 3 1 / 24 In previous lectures We learned about layer 1
More informationICS 351: Today's plan
ICS 351: Today's plan Quiz, on overall Internet function, linux and IOS commands, network monitoring, protocols IPv4 addresses: network part and host part address masks IP interface configuration IPv6
More information04 Internet Protocol (IP)
SE 4C03 Winter 2007 04 Internet Protocol (IP) William M. Farmer Department of Computing and Software McMaster University 29 January 2007 Internet Protocol (IP) IP provides a connectionless packet delivery
More information8.2 The Internet Protocol
TCP/IP Protocol Suite HTTP SMTP DNS RTP Distributed applications Reliable stream service TCP UDP User datagram service Best-effort connectionless packet transfer Network Interface 1 IP Network Interface
More informationTCP/IP Addressing and Subnetting. an excerpt from: A Technical Introduction to TCP/IP Internals. Presentation Copyright 1995 TGV Software, Inc.
TCP/IP Addressing and Subnetting an excerpt from: A Technical Introduction to TCP/IP Internals Presentation Copyright 1995 TGV Software, Inc. IP Addressing Roadmap Format of IP Addresses Traditional Class
More informationLehrstuhl für Informatik 4 Kommunikation und verteilte Systeme. Auxiliary Protocols
Auxiliary Protocols IP serves only for sending packets with well-known addresses. Some questions however remain open, which are handled by auxiliary protocols: Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Reverse
More informationIntroduction to IP v6
IP v 1-3: defined and replaced Introduction to IP v6 IP v4 - current version; 20 years old IP v5 - streams protocol IP v6 - replacement for IP v4 During developments it was called IPng - Next Generation
More informationIP Network Layer. Datagram ID FLAG Fragment Offset. IP Datagrams. IP Addresses. IP Addresses. CSCE 515: Computer Network Programming TCP/IP
CSCE 515: Computer Network Programming TCP/IP IP Network Layer Wenyuan Xu Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of South Carolina IP Datagrams IP is the network layer packet delivery
More informationIP Addressing A Simplified Tutorial
Application Note IP Addressing A Simplified Tutorial July 2002 COMPAS ID 92962 Avaya Labs 1 All information in this document is subject to change without notice. Although the information is believed to
More informationInternet Addresses (You should read Chapter 4 in Forouzan)
Internet Addresses (You should read Chapter 4 in Forouzan) IP Address is 32 Bits Long Conceptually the address is the pair (NETID, HOSTID) Addresses are assigned by the internet company for assignment
More informationInternet Working 5 th lecture. Chair of Communication Systems Department of Applied Sciences University of Freiburg 2004
5 th lecture Chair of Communication Systems Department of Applied Sciences University of Freiburg 2004 1 43 Last lecture Lecture room hopefully all got the message lecture on tuesday and thursday same
More informationComputer Networks. Introduc)on to Naming, Addressing, and Rou)ng. Week 09. College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University
Computer Networks Introduc)on to Naming, Addressing, and Rou)ng Week 09 College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University MAC Addresses l MAC address is intended to be a unique identifier
More informationInternet Protocol version 4 Part I
Internet Protocol version 4 Part I Claudio Cicconetti International Master on Information Technology International Master on Communication Networks Engineering Table of Contents
More informationLecture 8. IP Fundamentals
Lecture 8. Internet Network Layer: IP Fundamentals Outline Layer 3 functionalities Internet Protocol (IP) characteristics IP packet (first look) IP addresses Routing tables: how to use ARP Layer 3 functionalities
More information2. What is the maximum value of each octet in an IP address? A. 28 B. 255 C. 256 D. None of the above
CCNA1 V3.0 Mod 10 (Ch 8) 1. How many bits are in an IP C. 64 2. What is the maximum value of each octet in an IP A. 28 55 C. 256 3. The network number plays what part in an IP A. It specifies the network
More informationTechnical Support Information Belkin internal use only
The fundamentals of TCP/IP networking TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocols) is a set of networking protocols that is used for communication on the Internet and on many other networks.
More informationLab 10.4.1 IP Addressing Overview
Lab 10.4.1 IP ing Overview Estimated time: 30 min. Objectives: Background: This lab will focus on your ability to accomplish the following tasks: Name the five different classes of IP addresses Describe
More informationLecture 15. IP address space managed by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
Lecture 15 IP Address Each host and router on the Internet has an IP address, which consist of a combination of network number and host number. The combination is unique; no two machines have the same
More informationInternet Packets. Forwarding Datagrams
Internet Packets Packets at the network layer level are called datagrams They are encapsulated in frames for delivery across physical networks Frames are packets at the data link layer Datagrams are formed
More informationPART IV. Network Layer
PART IV Network Layer Position of network layer Network layer duties Internetworking : heterogeneous Physical Networks To look Like a single network to he upper layers The address at Network layer must
More informationIP Addressing. -Internetworking (with TCP/IP) -Classful addressing -Subnetting and Supernetting -Classless addressing
IP Addressing -Internetworking (with TCP/IP) -Classful addressing -Subnetting and Supernetting -Classless addressing Internetworking The concept of internetworking: we need to make different networks communicate
More informationInternetworking and IP Address
Lecture 8 Internetworking and IP Address Motivation of Internetworking Internet Architecture and Router Internet TCP/IP Reference Model and Protocols IP Addresses - Binary and Dotted Decimal IP Address
More informationModule 2: Assigning IP Addresses in a Multiple Subnet Network
Module 2: Assigning IP Addresses in a Multiple Subnet Network Contents Overview 1 Lesson: Assigning IP Addresses 2 Lesson: Creating a Subnet 19 Lesson: Using IP Routing Tables 29 Lesson: Overcoming Limitations
More information2. IP Networks, IP Hosts and IP Ports
1. Introduction to IP... 1 2. IP Networks, IP Hosts and IP Ports... 1 3. IP Packet Structure... 2 4. IP Address Structure... 2 Network Portion... 2 Host Portion... 3 Global vs. Private IP Addresses...3
More informationAddress Resolution Protocol (ARP), Reverse ARP, Internet Protocol (IP)
Tik-110.350 Computer Networks (3 cr) Spring 2000 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Reverse ARP, Internet Protocol (IP) Professor Arto Karila Helsinki University of Technology E-mail: Arto.Karila@hut.fi
More informationNetwork Security TCP/IP Refresher
Network Security TCP/IP Refresher What you (at least) need to know about networking! Dr. David Barrera Network Security HS 2014 Outline Network Reference Models Local Area Networks Internet Protocol (IP)
More informationInternet Control Protocols Reading: Chapter 3
Internet Control Protocols Reading: Chapter 3 ARP - RFC 826, STD 37 DHCP - RFC 2131 ICMP - RFC 0792, STD 05 1 Goals of Today s Lecture Bootstrapping an end host Learning its own configuration parameters
More informationGuide to Network Defense and Countermeasures Third Edition. Chapter 2 TCP/IP
Guide to Network Defense and Countermeasures Third Edition Chapter 2 TCP/IP Objectives Explain the fundamentals of TCP/IP networking Describe IPv4 packet structure and explain packet fragmentation Describe
More informationLab 10.3.5a Basic Subnetting
Lab 10.3.5a Basic Subnetting Objective How to identify reasons to use a subnet mask How to distinguish between a default subnet mask and a custom subnet mask What given requirements determine the subnet
More informationNetworking Test 4 Study Guide
Networking Test 4 Study Guide True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. IPX/SPX is considered the protocol suite of the Internet, and it is the most widely used protocol suite in LANs.
More informationCourse Overview: Learn the essential skills needed to set up, configure, support, and troubleshoot your TCP/IP-based network.
Course Name: TCP/IP Networking Course Overview: Learn the essential skills needed to set up, configure, support, and troubleshoot your TCP/IP-based network. TCP/IP is the globally accepted group of protocols
More informationTransport and Network Layer
Transport and Network Layer 1 Introduction Responsible for moving messages from end-to-end in a network Closely tied together TCP/IP: most commonly used protocol o Used in Internet o Compatible with a
More informationCS 348: Computer Networks. - IP addressing; 21 st Aug 2012. Instructor: Sridhar Iyer IIT Bombay
CS 348: Computer Networks - IP addressing; 21 st Aug 2012 Instructor: Sridhar Iyer IIT Bombay Think-Pair-Share: IP addressing What is the need for IP addresses? Why not have only MAC addresses? Given that
More informationOne of the most important topics in any discussion of TCP/IP is IP. IP Addressing
IP Addressing 125 machine, called a RARP server, responds with the answer, and the identity crisis is over. RARP uses the information it does know about the machine s MAC address to learn its IP address
More informationAPPENDIX B. Routers route based on the network number. The router that delivers the data packet to the correct destination host uses the host ID.
APPENDIX B IP Subnetting IP Addressing Routers route based on the network number. The router that delivers the data packet to the correct destination host uses the host ID. IP Classes An IP address is
More informationGuide to TCP/IP, Third Edition. Chapter 2: IP Addressing and Related Topics
Guide to TCP/IP, Third Edition Chapter 2: IP Addressing and Related Topics Objectives Understand IP addressing, anatomy and structures, and addresses from a computer s point of view Recognize and describe
More informationInternet Protocols. Addressing & Services. Updated: 9-29-2012
Internet Protocols Addressing & Services Updated: 9-29-2012 Virtual vs. Physical Networks MAC is the part of the underlying network MAC is used on the LAN What is the addressing mechanism in WAN? WAN is
More informationNetwork and Host Addresses 1.3. 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. INTRO v1.0a 6-4
IP Addressing To facilitate the routing of packets over a network, the TCP/IP protocol suite uses a 32-bit logical address known as an IP address. This topic introduces the components of an IP address.
More informationLecture Computer Networks
Prof. Dr. H. P. Großmann mit M. Rabel sowie H. Hutschenreiter und T. Nau Sommersemester 2012 Institut für Organisation und Management von Informationssystemen Thomas Nau, kiz Lecture Computer Networks
More informationThis tutorial will help you in understanding IPv4 and its associated terminologies along with appropriate references and examples.
About the Tutorial Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth version in the development of the Internet Protocol (IP) and the first version of the protocol to be widely deployed. IPv4 is described
More informationIP Addressing Introductory material.
IP Addressing Introductory material. A module devoted to IP addresses. Addresses & Names Hardware (Layer 2) Lowest level Ethernet (MAC), Serial point-to-point,.. Network (Layer 3) IP IPX, SNA, others Transport
More informationSubnetting,Supernetting, VLSM & CIDR
Subnetting,Supernetting, VLSM & CIDR WHAT - IP Address Unique 32 or 128 bit Binary, used to identify a system on a Network or Internet. Network Portion Host Portion CLASSFULL ADDRESSING IP address space
More informationIP address format: Dotted decimal notation: 10000000 00001011 00000011 00011111 128.11.3.31
IP address format: 7 24 Class A 0 Network ID Host ID 14 16 Class B 1 0 Network ID Host ID 21 8 Class C 1 1 0 Network ID Host ID 28 Class D 1 1 1 0 Multicast Address Dotted decimal notation: 10000000 00001011
More informationExpert Reference Series of White Papers. Basics of IP Address Subnetting
Expert Reference Series of White Papers Basics of IP Address Subnetting 1-800-COURSES www.globalknowledge.com Basics of IP Address Subnetting Norbert Gregorio, Global Knowledge Instructor Introduction
More informationTCP/IP Fundamentals. OSI Seven Layer Model & Seminar Outline
OSI Seven Layer Model & Seminar Outline TCP/IP Fundamentals This seminar will present TCP/IP communications starting from Layer 2 up to Layer 4 (TCP/IP applications cover Layers 5-7) IP Addresses Data
More informationTCP/IP Network Essentials. Linux System Administration and IP Services
TCP/IP Network Essentials Linux System Administration and IP Services Layers Complex problems can be solved using the common divide and conquer principle. In this case the internals of the Internet are
More informationDynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 02 NAT and DHCP Tópicos Avançados de Redes
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 1 1 Dynamic Assignment of IP addresses Dynamic assignment of IP addresses is desirable for several reasons: IP addresses are assigned on-demand Avoid manual IP
More informationClassful IP Addressing (cont.)
Classful IP Addressing (cont.) 1 Address Prefix aka Net ID defines the network Address Suffix aka Host ID defines the node In Classful addressing, prefix is of fixed length (1, 2, or 3 bytes)! Classful
More information1 Data information is sent onto the network cable using which of the following? A Communication protocol B Data packet
Review questions 1 Data information is sent onto the network cable using which of the following? A Communication protocol B Data packet C Media access method D Packages 2 To which TCP/IP architecture layer
More informationInternetworking. Problem: There is more than one network (heterogeneity & scale)
Internetworking Problem: There is more than one network (heterogeneity & scale) Hongwei Zhang http://www.cs.wayne.edu/~hzhang Internetworking: Internet Protocol (IP) Routing and scalability Group Communication
More informationFuture Internet Technologies
Future Internet Technologies Traditional Internet Dr. Dennis Pfisterer Institut für Telematik, Universität zu Lübeck http://www.itm.uni-luebeck.de/people/pfisterer Internet Protocol v4 (IPv4) IPv4 Model
More informationCCNA Tutorial Series SUBNETTING
CCNA Tutorial Series This document contains the Course Map For The Interactive flash tutorial at: http://www.semsim.com/ccna/tutorial/subnetting/subnetting.html HOME PAGE Course Objectives Pre-test By
More information2.1.2.2.2 Variable length subnetting
2.1.2.2.2 Variable length subnetting Variable length subnetting or variable length subnet masks (VLSM) allocated subnets within the same network can use different subnet masks. Advantage: conserves the
More informationNetwork-Oriented Software Development. Course: CSc4360/CSc6360 Instructor: Dr. Beyah Sessions: M-W, 3:00 4:40pm Lecture 2
Network-Oriented Software Development Course: CSc4360/CSc6360 Instructor: Dr. Beyah Sessions: M-W, 3:00 4:40pm Lecture 2 Topics Layering TCP/IP Layering Internet addresses and port numbers Encapsulation
More informationEthernet Local Area Networks (LANS) Two basic ways to cable an 10 Mb/s Ethernet LAN: Bus-style (large Ethernet cable, or thin Ethernet cable)
Ethernet Local Area Networks (LANS) Two basic ways to cable an 10 Mb/s Ethernet LAN: Bus-style (large Ethernet cable, or thin Ethernet cable) Large Ethernet cable is bulky, uses cable-taps. Smaller cable
More informationIntroduction to LAN/WAN. Network Layer (part II)
Introduction to LAN/WAN Network Layer (part II) Topics The Network Layer Introduction Routing (5.2) The Internet (5.5) IP, IP addresses ARP (5.5.4) OSPF (5.5.5) BGP (5.5.6) Congestion Control (5.3) Internetworking
More informationMobile IP Network Layer Lesson 02 TCP/IP Suite and IP Protocol
Mobile IP Network Layer Lesson 02 TCP/IP Suite and IP Protocol 1 TCP/IP protocol suite A suite of protocols for networking for the Internet Transmission control protocol (TCP) or User Datagram protocol
More informationCCNA R&S: Introduction to Networks. Chapter 5: Ethernet
CCNA R&S: Introduction to Networks Chapter 5: Ethernet 5.0.1.1 Introduction The OSI physical layer provides the means to transport the bits that make up a data link layer frame across the network media.
More informationTCP/IP Basis. OSI Model
TCP/IP Basis 高 雄 大 學 資 訊 工 程 學 系 嚴 力 行 Source OSI Model Destination Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data-Link Physical ENCAPSULATION DATA SEGMENT PACKET FRAME BITS 0101010101010101010
More informationTCP/IP Fundamentals. Edmund Lam IT Audit Manager University of California edmund.lam@ucop.edu 7/25/99 1
TCP/IP Fundamentals Edmund Lam IT Audit Manager University of California edmund.lam@ucop.edu 7/25/99 1 What we will discuss: TCP/IP related to OSI Layers History of TCP/IP and what is it? TCP/IP Structure
More informationQuestion 3.1.1. Question 3.2.1. Question 3.3.1. EdTech 552: Lab 3 Answer Sheet
Question 3.1.1 Question Answers a. 123 01111011 b. 202 11001010 c. 67 01000011 d. 7 00000111 e. 252 11111100 f. 91 01011011 g. 116.127.71.3 01110100.01111111.01010001.00000011 h. 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
More informationScaling the Network: Subnetting and Other Protocols. Networking CS 3470, Section 1
Scaling the Network: Subnetting and Other Protocols Networking CS 3470, Section 1 Today CIDR Subnetting Private IP addresses ICMP, IMAP, and DHCP Protocols 2 Packet Encapsulation ** Creative Commons: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:udp_encapsulation.svg
More informationIP Routing Features. Contents
7 IP Routing Features Contents Overview of IP Routing.......................................... 7-3 IP Interfaces................................................ 7-3 IP Tables and Caches........................................
More informationCS335 Sample Questions for Exam #2
CS335 Sample Questions for Exam #2.) Compare connection-oriented with connectionless protocols. What type of protocol is IP? How about TCP and UDP? Connection-oriented protocols Require a setup time to
More informationPart A:Background/Preparation
Lab no 1 PC Network TCP/IP Configuration In this lab we will learn about Computer Networks Configuration Introduction to IP addressing Identify tools used for discovering a computer s network configuration
More informationIP Addressing. IP Addresses. Introductory material.
IP Addressing Introductory material. An entire module devoted to IP addresses. IP Addresses Structure of an IP address Classful IP addresses Limitations and problems with classful IP addresses Subnetting
More information2057-15. First Workshop on Open Source and Internet Technology for Scientific Environment: with case studies from Environmental Monitoring
2057-15 First Workshop on Open Source and Internet Technology for Scientific Environment: with case studies from Environmental Monitoring 7-25 September 2009 TCP/IP Networking Abhaya S. Induruwa Department
More information- IPv4 Addressing and Subnetting -
1 Hardware Addressing - IPv4 Addressing and Subnetting - A hardware address is used to uniquely identify a host within a local network. Hardware addressing is a function of the Data-Link layer of the OSI
More informationComputer Networks 1 (Mạng Máy Tính 1) Lectured by: Dr. Phạm Trần Vũ
Computer Networks 1 (Mạng Máy Tính 1) Lectured by: Dr. Phạm Trần Vũ 1 Lecture 7: Network Layer in the Internet Reference: Chapter 5 - Computer Networks, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall,
More informationMobile IP. Bheemarjuna Reddy Tamma IIT Hyderabad. Source: Slides of Charlie Perkins and Geert Heijenk on Mobile IP
Mobile IP Bheemarjuna Reddy Tamma IIT Hyderabad Source: Slides of Charlie Perkins and Geert Heijenk on Mobile IP IP Refresher Mobile IP Basics 3 parts of Mobile IP: Outline Advertising Care-of Addresses
More informationChapter 2 TCP/IP Networking Basics
Chapter 2 TCP/IP Networking Basics A network in your home or small business uses the same type of TCP/IP networking that is used for the Internet. This manual provides an overview of IP (Internet Protocol)
More informationIP Address Structure
Motivation A virtual network operates like a physical network and needs an addressing scheme, a packet format, and delivery techniques. An addressing scheme is critical and must appear to be a single uniform
More informationInternet Architecture and Philosophy
Internet Architecture and Philosophy Conceptually, TCP/IP provides three sets of services to the user: Application Services Reliable Transport Service Connectionless Packet Delivery Service The underlying
More informationEthernet. Ethernet. Network Devices
Ethernet Babak Kia Adjunct Professor Boston University College of Engineering ENG SC757 - Advanced Microprocessor Design Ethernet Ethernet is a term used to refer to a diverse set of frame based networking
More informationNetworking Basics for Automation Engineers
Networking Basics for Automation Engineers Page 1 of 10 mac-solutions.co.uk v1.0 Oct 2014 1. What is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)------------------------------------------------------------
More informationThe Internet/Network Layer
IP Addresses and Routing Tables Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window Irtt Iface 138.38.96.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.248.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo default 138.38.103.254 0.0.0.0
More informationHow To Make A Network Address Prefix Smaller
CSC521 Communication Protocols 網 路 通 訊 協 定 Ch.9 Classless And Subnet Address Extensions (CIDR) 吳 俊 興 國 立 高 雄 大 學 資 訊 工 程 學 系 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Review Of Relevant Facts 3. Minimizing Network Numbers
More informationIP Addressing and Subnetting. 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IP Addressing and Subnetting 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Objectives Upon completion, you will be able to: Discuss the Types of Network Addressing Explain the Form of an IP Address
More informationVXLAN: Scaling Data Center Capacity. White Paper
VXLAN: Scaling Data Center Capacity White Paper Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) Overview This document provides an overview of how VXLAN works. It also provides criteria to help determine when and where
More informationProcedure: You can find the problem sheet on Drive D: of the lab PCs. 1. IP address for this host computer 2. Subnet mask 3. Default gateway address
Objectives University of Jordan Faculty of Engineering & Technology Computer Engineering Department Computer Networks Laboratory 907528 Lab.4 Basic Network Operation and Troubleshooting 1. To become familiar
More informationIP - The Internet Protocol
Orientation IP - The Internet Protocol IP (Internet Protocol) is a Network Layer Protocol. IP s current version is Version 4 (IPv4). It is specified in RFC 891. TCP UDP Transport Layer ICMP IP IGMP Network
More informationZarząd (7 osób) F inanse (13 osób) M arketing (7 osób) S przedaż (16 osób) K adry (15 osób)
QUESTION NO: 8 David, your TestKing trainee, asks you about basic characteristics of switches and hubs for network connectivity. What should you tell him? A. Switches take less time to process frames than
More information1. How many unique network IDs are there in class A addresses? # of unique hosts?
CS445: IPv4 Addresses In-class activity Names: Part 1: Address Classes Original three classes of IPv4 addresses: A: 0 network (7 bits) host (24 bits) B: 10 network (14 bits) host (16 bits) C: 110 network
More informationInstructor Notes for Lab 3
Instructor Notes for Lab 3 Do not distribute instructor notes to students! Lab Preparation: Make sure that enough Ethernet hubs and cables are available in the lab. The following tools will be used in
More informationChapter 13 Internet Protocol (IP)
Chapter 13 Internet Protocol (IP) Introduction... 13-5 IP Packets... 13-5 Addressing... 13-7 Subnets... 13-8 Assigning an IP Address... 13-9 Multihoming... 13-11 Local Interfaces... 13-11 Address Resolution
More informationCOMP 631: COMPUTER NETWORKS. IP Addressing. Jasleen Kaur. Fall 2014. How to Deal With Heterogeneity & Scale?
COMP 631: COMPUTER NETWORKS IP Addressing Jasleen Kaur Fall 2014 1 How to Deal With Heterogeneity & Scale? Requirements from IP addressing: Should be globally unique Should facilitate easy mapping to link-layer
More informationComputer Network Foundation. Chun-Jen (James) Chung. Arizona State University
Computer Network Foundation Chun-Jen (James) Chung 1 Outline Network Addressing Subnetting Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) Route Aggregation Network Addressing How does the network decide where to
More informationApplication Protocols for TCP/IP Administration
Application Protocols for TCP/IP Administration BootP, TFTP, DHCP Agenda BootP TFTP DHCP BootP, TFTP, DHCP, v4.4 2 Page 60-1 BootP (RFC 951, 1542, 2132) BootP was developed to replace RARP capabilities
More informationHow do I get to www.randomsite.com?
Networking Primer* *caveat: this is just a brief and incomplete introduction to networking to help students without a networking background learn Network Security. How do I get to www.randomsite.com? Local
More informationCCNA R&S: Introduction to Networks. Chapter 9: Subnetting IP Networks
CCNA R&S: Introduction to Networks Chapter 9: Subnetting IP Networks Frank Schneemann Chapter 9: Subnetting IP Networks Subnetting IP Networks In this chapter, you will be learning how devices can be grouped
More informationSUPPORT DE COURS. Dr. Omari Mohammed Maître de Conférences Classe A Université d Adrar Courriel : omarinmt@gmail.com
Dr. Omari Mohammed Maître de Conférences Classe A Université d Adrar Courriel : omarinmt@gmail.com SUPPORT DE COURS Matière : Réseaux 2 Niveau : 3 ème Année Licence en Informatique Option : Réseaux et
More informationChapter 3: IP Addressing and VLSM
Chapter 3: IP Addressing and VLSM QUESTION 54 What is the principle reason to use a private IP address on an internal network? A. Subnet strategy for private companies. B. Manage and scale the growth of
More informationInternet Protocols. Background CHAPTER
CHAPTER 3 Internet Protocols Background The Internet protocols are the world s most popular open-system (nonproprietary) protocol suite because they can be used to communicate across any set of interconnected
More information