Unit 2 - Quiz 2 2-D Models

Transcription

1 2-D Models 1. If an observer on Earth views Polaris on the horizon, the observer is located at the A) Tropic of Cancer (23.5 N) B) North Pole (90 N) C) equator (0 ) D) Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 S) 2. At which location would an observer measure the highest altitude of Polaris? A) Camden, Maine B) Orlando, Florida C) Quito, Equador (on the equator) D) Santiago, Chile (in South America) 3. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below shows latitude measurements every 10 degrees and longitude measurements every 15 degrees. 4. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below shows an observer on Earth viewing the star Polaris. What is the observer's latitude? A) 38 N B) 52 N C) 52 S D) 38 S 5. The lines on which set of views best represent Earth s latitude system? A) B) C) D) What is the latitude and longitude of point X? A) 75 N 30 E B) 60 S 30 W C) 40 S 45 E D) 50 N 45 W 6. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the latitude and longitude of five observers, A, B, C, D, and E, on Earth. Which two observers would be experiencing the same apparent solar time (ie. in the same time zone)? A) B and E B) B and C C) A and C D) D and E

2 7. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents the position of the Sun with respect to Earth s surface at solar noon on certain dates. The latitudes of six locations on the same line of longitude are shown. The observer is located at 42 N in New York State. The date for the Sun at position A has been deliberately left blank. When the Sun is at position A, which latitude receives the most direct rays of the Sun? A) Equator (0 ) B) Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 S) C) Antarctic Circle (66.5 S) D) Tropic of Cancer (23.5 N) 8. At which latitude is the Sun directly overhead on certain days of the year? A) 66.5 N B) 23.5 N C) 42 N D) 90 N 9. In the diagram below, the direct rays of the Sun are striking the Earth's surface at 23.5 N. What is the date shown in the diagram? 10. If the Earth were to experience a greater tilt of 29, instead of the current 23.5, what would be the latitude lines for the tropical region? A) 29 N - 61 N and 29 S - 61 S B) 29 N - 29 S C) 0 D) 23.5 N S E) 61 N - 90 N and 61 S - 90 S 11. When the sun is shining directly on 10 north latitude, what is the latitude where complete darkness (for 24 hours) would begin. A) 90 S B) 10 N C) 80 N D) 90 N E) 80 S A) September 23 B) March 21 C) December 21 D) June 21

3 Base your answers to questions 12 and 13 on the diagram below, which represents Earth revolving around the Sun. Letters A, B, C, and D represent Earth's location in its orbit on the first day of the four seasons. NP represents the North Pole. 13. If the tilt of Earth's axis were decreased from 23.5 to 15, Maine's winters would become A) cooler, and summers would become cooler B) warmer, and summers would become warmer C) cooler, and summers would become warmer D) warmer, and summers would become cooler 12. Which diagram best represents the Sun's apparent path as seen by an observer at 43.5 N latitude on December 21? A) 14. Which two factors cause the perpendicular rays of the Sun to move between 23.5º N and 23.5º S? A) tilt of Earth's axis and Earth's rotation B) eccentricity of Earth's orbit and Earth's rotation C) tilt of Earth's axis and Earth's revolution D) eccentricity of Earth's orbit and Earth's revolution 15. Which motion causes the constellation Orion to be visible at midnight from Maine in winter but not in summer? A) revolution of Orion B) rotation of Orion C) rotation of Earth D) revolution of Earth B) C) D)

4 Base your answers to questions 16 and 17 on the graph below, which shows the duration of daylight hours throughout the year for five cities located in the Northern Hemisphere. 16. Which city experiences the greatest variation in daylight hours during one year? A) Caracas B) Edmonton C) Mexico City D) New Orleans 17. What is the primary reason each city's duration of daylight hours changes throughout the year? A) The cities are located at different longitudes. B) Earth's rotation rate is 15 per day causing different intensities of sun's energy. C) The cities are located at different elevations. D) Earth's axis is tilted 23.5 to the plane of its orbit causing changes in the orientation of the Earth to the sun.

5 Unit 2 - Quiz 2 Base your answers to questions 18 and 19 on the world map below. The shaded portion of the map indicates areas of night, and the unshaded portion indicates areas of daylight on a certain day of the year. Dashed latitude lines represent the Arctic Circle (66.5 N) and the Antarctic Circle (66.5 S). Point A is a location on Earth s surface. 18. Approximately how many hours of daylight would occur at position A on this day? A) 12 B) 15 C) 9 D) How much sunlight would be observed at 80 0 north latitude? A) 0 hours B) 18 hours C) 24 hours 20. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below shows the noontime shadows cast by a student and a tree. If the time is solar noon and the student is located in Maine, in what direction is the student facing? A) west B) south C) east D) north D) 12 hours

6 21. A student accurately measured the altitude of the noontime Sun from the same Maine location on four days during the school year. Which sequence best shows these measurements? A) B) C) D)

7 22. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents latitude and longitude lines on Earth. Points A through E represent locations on Earth. Arrows represent direction of rotation. 24. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The diagram represents the Earth at a position in orbit around the Sun, the Sun's rays at solar noon, and the direction to Polaris. Letters A through D represent positions on the Earth's surface. Which location has the longest duration of sunlight (insolation) on December 21? A) C B) B C) E D) A 23. To an observer located at the Equator, on which date would the Sun appear to be directly overhead at noon? A) December 21 B) June 6 C) February 1 D) March 21 During one complete rotation of the Earth on its axis, which position receives the least number of hours of daylight? A) A B) B C) C D) D 25. During which season in the Northern Hemisphere is the Earth closest to the Sun? A) fall B) winter C) summer D) spring

8 26. Base your answer to the following question on the calendar below, which shows the month of July of a recent year. The dates of major Moon phases, as seen in Maine, are shown. The diagram below represents the phase of the Moon observed from Maine one night during the month of July. Eclipses do not occur every month because the Moon's A) rate of rotation is 15 each hour B) period of rotation and period of revolution are the same C) orbit is inclined to Earth's orbit D) period of revolution is 27.3 days

9 Base your answers to questions 27 and 28 on the calendar below, which shows the month of July of a recent year. The dates of major Moon phases, as seen in New York State, are shown. The diagram below represents the phase of the Moon observed from New York State one night during the month of July. 27. On which date will the next first-quarter Moon phase occur? A) August 6 B) August 10 C) August 16 D) August On which date was this phase of the Moon visible from Maine? A) July 19 B) July 4 C) July 26 D) July 11

10 29. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows Earth and the Moon in relation to the Sun. Positions A, B, C, and D show the Moon at specific locations in its orbit. Point X is a location on Earth's surface. A solar eclipse might occur when the Moon is at location A) A B) B C) C D) D 30. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below shows the Moon as it revolves around Earth. The numbered locations represent different positions of the Moon in its orbit. Which Moon phase would be seen by an observer in Maine when the Moon is at position 2? A) B) C) D)

11 Base your answers to questions 31 and 32 on the diagram below, which represents a model of the Earth-Moon system as viewed from above the North Pole. The numbers 1 through 8 represent positions of the Moon as it revolves around Earth. The parts of the diagram lettered A through D show how the Moon's phases appear to an observer in New Jersey. 31. Which Moon phase appears highest in the sky at midnight to an observer on Earth? A) first quarter B) last quarter C) full moon D) new moon 32. At what time would the moon rise during the last quarter? A) 6 am B) Noon C) Midnight 33. The diagram below shows the relative positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun for a 1-month period. Which diagram best represents the appearance of the Moon at position P when viewed from the Earth? A) B) C) D)

12 34. Which photograph of star trails was taken by an observer facing directly north in Maine? A) 35. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which shows twelve constellations that are visible in the night sky to an observer in Maine, over the course of a year. Different positions of Earth are represented by letters A through D. The arrows represent the direction of Earth's motion around the Sun. B) C) D) Which constellations are both visible at midnight to an observer in Maine when Earth is located at position A? A) Leo and Virgo B) Sagittarius and Scorpio C) Pisces and Libra D) Aries and Taurus

13 36. Base your answer to the following question on Letters A, B, C, D, and X on the map below represent locations on Earth. The map shows the latitude-longitude grid. Solar time is based on the position of the Sun. If the solar time is 1 p.m. at location X, at which location is the solar time 5 p.m.? A) C B) D C) A D) B 37. The apparent rising and setting of the Sun, as viewed from Earth, is caused by A) the Sun s rotation B) the Sun s revolution C) Earth s rotation D) Earth s revolution

14 Base your answers to questions 38 and 39 on The diagram below shows the positions of the Moon and the Sun at sunset during an evening in Midcoast Maine. Points A, B, C, and D represent positions along the western horizon. 38. At sunset on the following evening, the Moon will be located at position A) A B) B C) C D) D 39. The phase of the moon being observed is a A) waxing cresent B) waxing gibbous C) waning gibbous D) waning cresent 40. The figure below shows a "top view" of the Sun, Earth and six different positions (A-F) of the Moon during one orbit of the Earth. Note that the distances from the Sun to Earth and for the Earth to the Moon are not drawn to scale. Rank (from greatest to least) the amount of the moon's illuminated (lighted) surface that is visible from Earth at each of the six positions (A-F) shown 41. Shown below are 5 different phases of the Moon (A-E) as seen by an observer in the Northern Hemisphere. Beginning with the waxing gibbous phase of the Moon, rank the moon phases shown below in the order that an observer would see them over the next four weeks. A) D, B, E, A, C B) E, B, D, C, A C) C, D, B, E, A D) A, C, D, B, E A) Greatest A, F, E, D, C, B Least B) Greatest A, B, C, D, E, F Least C) Greatest A, F, E, B, C, D Least D) Greatest D, C, B, E, F, A Least

15 42. In the figure below parallel beams of sunlight illuminate Earth. Notice that the Earth's rotation axis is slightly tilted. As the Earth spins, locations A through E spend part of the 24 hour day in sunlight, and part of the day in darkness (as indicated by the shaded region). Rank the time it takes (from longest to shortest) each location (A E) to complete one full rotation. A) C, B, A, D, E B) E, D, A, B, C C) A, B/D, E/C D) C, D, B, E, A

16 Answer Key Astronomy Models 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. B 11. E 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. C 41. A 42. A