Night Sky III Planetary Motion Lunar Phases
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1 Night Sky III Planetary Motion Lunar Phases Astronomy 1 Elementary Astronomy LA Mission College Spring F2015
2 Quotes & Cartoon of the Day Everything has a natural explanation. The moon is not a god, but a great rock, and the sun a hot rock. -- Anaxagoras (500 BC 428 BC) Nature gives to every time and season some beauties of its own; and from morning to night, as from the cradle to the grave, it is but a succession of changes so gentle and easy that we can scarcely mark their progress. -- Charles Dickens
3 Announcements First HW, through part of today s material, posted due Tuesday 9/22 First midterm currently planned 9/24 may move out one week will confirm Tuesday
4 Last Class Annual Motion Zodiac Seasons Planetary Motion
5 This Class Seasons Questions revisited Planetary Motion Lunar Phases LT: Predicting Lunar Phases Eclipses (time permitting)
6 Seasons Review Astronomy 1 Elementary Astronomy LA Mission College Spring F2015
7 Seasons Review Axial Tilt Energy transfer
8 Let s Practice
9 Which lettered position (A-E), in the image below, best represents the location on Earth that is experiencing summer in the Southern Hemisphere?
10 If Earth were tilted more (60 rather than 23.5 ), then during winter at your location you would compared to what you experience during winter now. A. experience cooler temperatures B. experience warmer temperatures C. not experience any significant change in temperature
11 Planets... the Wanderers Astronomy 1 Elementary Astronomy LA Mission College Spring F2015
12 Planets... the wanderers It was a warm summer evening in ancient Greece...
13 Apparent Motion of Planets Indeed originally named for their wandering movement Late Old English planete, from Old French planete (Modern French planète), from Late Latin planeta, from Greek planetes, from (asteres) planetai "wandering (stars),..." Most of the time rise a bit later each night move eastward against the background stars Sometimes appear to go backwards for a while i.e. rise earlier each night/go westward This is called apparent retrograde motion
14 Mars and Retrograde Motion QuickTime movie from Dr. Ted Snow's web site at The University of Colorado, Boulder.)
15 WHY DO WE SEE APPARENT RETROGRADE MOTION?
16 The Motion of the Planets orbit in almost the same plane relative positions change with time
17 Apparent Retrograde Motion Planets orbit the Sun at differing rates. sometimes Earth will catch up to and pass another planet planet appears to pause in its eastward progression and move backwards never actually change orbit!
18
19 Retrograde Motion
20 Frequency and Length Vary Synodic period how often Example Mars 3/1/2014 to 5/ /17/2016 to 6/29/2016
21 Let s Practice
22 For how many days was this planet in retrograde motion? May A. 10 days B. 12 days C. 15 days D. 17 days E. 32 days
23 On which date would the planet appear to rise in the west? May A. March 1 B. March 31 C. April 5 D. April 12 Never, E. Ever, Never, Ever, EVER!!!!!!!
24 Lunar Cycles & Phases Astronomy 1 Elementary Astronomy LA Mission College Spring F2015
25 PHASES OF THE MOON
26 Moon s Orbit The Moon orbits the Earth every 27.3 days (sidereal month) sidereal means relative to the stars Full moon to full moon is every 29.5 days (synodic month) This is a right-handed revolution, like the Earth The Moon is tidally locked to the Earth It also rotates once every 27.3 days Same side always faces Earth
27 Lunar Phases We see different phases of the Moon depending on where the Moon is in it s orbit around the Earth, with respect to the Sun. Half the Moon is lit at all times by the Sun. We view the half dark/half lit Moon from different angles, which creates the different appearances at different phases
28 Moon Phase Animation We see different phases of the Moon depending on where the Moon is in it s orbit around the Earth, with respect to the Sun. Half the Moon is lit at all times by the Sun. We view the half dark/half lit Moon from different angles, which creates the different appearances at different phases
29 Lunar Phase Diagram Waxing getting bigger (approaching Full) Waning getting smaller (approaching New)
30 Let s Practice
31 The diagram below shows Earth and the Sun as well as five different possible positions for the Moon. Which position (B-D) of the Moon best corresponds with the Moon phase shown in the upper right corner? X X
32 The diagram below shows Earth and the Sun as well as five different possible positions for the Moon. Which position (A-E) of the Moon best corresponds with the Moon phase shown in the upper right corner?
33 Which of these positions would be the waning crescent moon? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
34 Is there really a dark side of the Moon that never receives sunlight? A. yes B. no
35 TIMING OF LUNAR PHASES
36 Lunar Phases & Timing Different phases rise, set & different times of day transit reaches the highest point/between rising & setting How do we tell what time it is? Or, how did we before watches, iphones & atomic clocks?
37 Lunar Phase Timing Sun overhead noon new moon is transiting 3rd Quarter is setting 1st Quarter is rising
38 Lunar Phase Timing Sun is setting 6 PM 1st Quarter is transiting New Moon is setting Full moon is rising
39 LT Predicting Moon Phases (If time) Astronomy 1 Elementary Astronomy LA Mission College Spring F2015
40 Which phase of the Moon rises at 9 AM? A. waning gibbous B. third quarter C. first quarter D. waxing crescent E. none of the above
41 LT PREDICTING MOON PHASES
42 Which phase of the Moon rises at 9 AM? A. waning gibbous B. third quarter C. first quarter D. waxing crescent E. none of the above
43 Let s Practice
44 At what local apparent solar time does the full moon transit? A. noon B. 6 PM C. 9 PM D. midnight
45 At midnight, local apparent solar time, what phase will be rising? A. Waning Gibbous B. First Quarter C. Third Quarter D. New
46 If you see a crescent moon very high in the sky in the fairly early morning morning, is it waxing or waning? A. waxing B. waning C. it depends on the day of the month D. this is not possible
47 You observe a full moon rising around 7 P.M. In what phase will you observe the moon setting the next morning? A. New Moon B. Waning Gibbous C. Full Moon D. Third Quarter
48 ECLIPSES
49 Eclipses Lunar eclipse Earth precisely between Moon and Sun Earth s shadow falls on Moon Moon goes dark (reddish actually) Solar eclipse Moon precisely between Sun and Earth Moon s shadow falls on Earth Sunlight blocked completely in some places (total solar eclipse) partly in some places (partial solar eclipse) and not at all in most places
50 Apparent Size of Sun and Moon The Sun and Moon appear to have the same size when viewed from Earth. Makes total solar eclipse possible
51 Eclipses So... once a month the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun... New Moon Why don t we have a solar eclipse every month? Or a lunar eclipse every month?
52 The Moon s Orbit is tilted The Moon s orbit tilted relative to the Earth s orbit around the sun by about 5 (recall its apparent angular size is ~ 0.5 ) Most of the time, the moon is above or below the direct line from Sun to Earth.
53 The Moon s Orbit is tilted Periodically, the Moon crosses the line from Earth to Sun. If it does so at full moon, we have a Lunar Eclipse The Earth s shadow falls on the Moon If it does so at new moon, we have a Solar Eclipse The Moon s shadow Falls on the earth
54 Lunar Eclipse Path for penumbral eclipse
55 Lunar Eclipse Progression of Total Lunar Eclipse < Partial Lunar Eclipse >
56 Lunar Eclipses
57 Solar Eclipses Image: Sanhujinka.com
58 Solar Eclipse
59 A Total Solar Eclipse
60 Solar Eclipses Next good US TOTAL solar eclipse opportunity is in 2017
61 Let s Practice
62 Suppose it is early in the month and you are going on a cruise to view a total solar eclipse later the same month. The moon is currently full. If it only takes a day or so to get to the viewing location, about when might your cruise depart? A. tomorrow B. next week C. about two weeks from today D. at the very end of the month
63 If you found yourself on a planet very similar to Earth with a moon very similar to our Moon, what would you conclude if you observed a total lunar eclipse every full moon? A. That this planet s moon orbits in the same plane as the planet orbits its star. B. That this planet s moon is much larger than our Moon. C. That this planet s star is much more distant than our Sun. D. That this planet s moon orbits over the poles of the planet rather than near its equator.
64 WRAP-UP
65 Topic for Next Class History part I Greeks to Kepler Kepler & Brahe Kepler s Laws
66 Reading Assignment Ch 3 in either text
67 Homework Sci, Annual, Diurnal due 9/22
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