Brain Tutorial. Gross Anatomy Lab #21. Fall 2015 Modified from Dr. Len White Brain and Behavior Many images from Neurosciences, 5 th edihon.
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1 Brain Tutorial Gross Anatomy Lab #21 Fall 2015 Modified from Dr. Len White Brain and Behavior Many images from Neurosciences, 5 th edihon.
2 GA Brain Tutorial 2015 For the Brain lab and this tutorial your main goal is to locate the basic features of the brain. This is merely an introduchon to these structures and will help prepare you for Brain and Behavior (with Dr. Len White) in the spring semester (Neuroanatomy). You will have a handful of neuroanatomy labs to cover in more depth the surface of the brain, the ventricular system, the dural venous sinuses, the blood supply of the brain and spinal cord, and cross- sechonal views of the brain and spinal cord. Dr. White will join us during our GA lab to help guide you through these structures. GOALS and OBJECTIVES: Recognize the embryological derivahons of the brain find these general regions on the adult brain. Demonstrate the four paired lobes of the cerebral cortex and idenhfy by name and locahon, the boundaries of each. IdenHfy structures of the brainstem and the cranial nerves. IdenHfy the major vessels supplying the lobes of the brain and the spinal cord. IdenHfy the fluid filled cavihes of the ventricular system. IdenHfy the dural venous sinuses formed by the folding of the dura mater.
3 Embryological subdivisions Pro, Mes, Rhomb Adult - Tel, Di, Mes, Met, My Prosencephalon (forebrain) Mesencephalon (midbrain) Rhombencephalon (hindbrain) Spinal cord Prosencephalon: Telencephalon cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, basal forebrain Diencephalon dorsal thalamus & hypothalamus Mesencephalon: midbrain Rhombencephalon: Metencephalon pons & cerebellum Myelencephalon medulla Lateral view
4 Brain Tutorial SURFACE FEATURES
5 Basic surface features of the brain Lobes: Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal Fissures: Longitudinal fissure (superior sagizal fissure) separates R & L hemispheres Lateral (Sylvian) fissure/lateral sulcus separates frontal & parietal from temporal Sulci: Central sulcus between frontal & parietal lobes Gyri: Pre- central gyrus frontal lobe, somahc motor; Post- central gyrus parietal lobe, somahc sensory Regions: Broca s area produchon of speech Wernicke s area understanding speech Insula within lateral fissure, integrahon of emohon & social cognihon
6 Lateral surface features of the brain
7 Lateral surface features of the brain
8 Medial surface features of the brain Corpus callosum white mazer, conveys axons between hemispheres Parieto- occipital sulcus between parietal & occipital Anterior commissure small bundle of axons connechng hemispheres Fornix fiber bundle connechng hippocampus & hypothalamus Septum pellucidum separates lateral ventricles Diencephalon: Pineal gland azaches to posterior thalamus; Thalamus relays most informahon to and from cortex; Hypothalamus homeostasis & other physiological achvihes; Mammillary bodies memory & limbic system; Pituitary gland azached to hypothalamus via infundibulum Mesencephalon (midbrain): Superior & inferior colliculi oculomotor funchon, postural adjustment & audihon Pons: role in coordinahon of movement Medulla oblongata: autonomic funchons
9 Medial surface features of the brain and brainstem
10 Brain Tutorial CRANIAL NERVES
11 Anterior/ventral surface of the brainstem
12 Posterior/dorsal surface of the brainstem Superior colliculus Inferior colliculus Pineal body Trochlear nerve (IV)
13 Cranial nerves: superior view into cranial cavity Olfactory nerves (I) Olfactory bulb and tract OpHc nerve (II) Oculomotor nerve (III) Trochlear nerve (IV) Trigeminal nerve (V) Facial nerve (VII) VesHbulocochlear nerve (VIII) Abducent (abducens) nerve (VI) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Vagus nerve (X) Spinal accessory nerve (XI) Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
14 Cranial nerves: a review table
15 Brain Tutorial ARTERIES
16 Arteries of the brain inferior/ventral surface Light blue = #1-5 (supplied by internal carohd and part of the anterior circulahon) Yellow/tan = #5-8 (supplied by vertebral/basilar and part of the posterior circulahon)
17 Arterial supply of the cerebrum Moore s Clinically Oriented Anatomy
18 Arteries of the brain review inferior view (ACA) (ACOM) (ICA) (MCA) (PCOM) (PCA) (SCA) (AICA) (PICA)
19 Brain Tutorial VENTRICLES AND DURAL VENOUS SINUSES
20 Ventricular system of the brain Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) flows within the ventricular system produced in choroid plexuses Lateral ventricles inside cerebral hemispheres (septum pellucidum separates) Third ventricle conhnuous with lateral ventricles, runs in midline of diencephalon Cerebral (Mesencephalic) aqueduct conhnuous with 3 rd ventricle, runs through midbrain Fourth ventricle aqueduct connects with, space in dorsal pons & medulla Central canal conhnuous with 4 th ventricle, runs within spinal cord
21 Dural venous sinuses (Great vein of Galen) *The sigmoid sinus drains into internal jugular vein.
22 Dural venous sinuses
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