SFL informs instruction and writing development in a special needs elementary classroom. María Estela Brisk Boston College

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1 SFL informs instruction and writing development in a special needs elementary classroom María Estela Brisk Boston College brisk@bc.edu

2 Transformation of Instruction Informed by: Systemic Functional Linguistics Students writing

3 2nd-3rd grade resource room 6 students 5 boys, 1 girl 4 bilingual (Spanish, Portuguese) 2 speakers of AAVE Focus students 2 bilingual, 1 AAVE

4 Genres of School Story Telling Recount (personal, factual, imaginative) Historical recount experiential Procedural recount (science, math) (chronological) Fictional Narrative Giving Instructions Procedure (Scientific Procedure) Organizing Information Report (scientific, social science, research report) Explanation (scientific, historical) Categorical Persuading (logical ) Exposition Discussion Historical, scientific argument

5 JB For Halloween I can be a wrestler and I hope to get a lot of candy JA Last year when I was turned 9 I had a birthday party my cousins came W This is me sleeping Santa came and put more presents near the Christmas tree..

6 Goal 1 Teach other genres: Report writing

7 Text Structure Title General Statement Information organized in clusters or categories (subtopics) Summarizing Comment (optional)

8 Linguistic Choices Noun groups Verb groups Adverbials Links

9 Uncoached piece A piece of the fin is off and the fish tank gets dirty every once in a while. Put ACURL F. He got gray stripes. It swims near the heater. It has a lot of lidle rocks and they glow baby blue and dark blue. They all stay together. They are black and orange. They swim fast. We have a No Fishing sign and a treasure chest. The treasure chest opens and shoots out bubbles.

10 A piece of the fin is off and the fish tank gets dirty every once in a while. Put ACURL F. He got gray stripes. It swims near the heater. It has a lot of lidle rocks and they glow baby blue and dark blue. They all stay together. They are black and orange. They swim fast. We have a No Fishing sign and a treasure chest. The treasure chest opens and shoots out bubbles.

11 Goals 2-4 Teach text structure of reports Teach to use referents for pronouns Difference between fact and opinion

12 JB All dogs have different qualities and dogs are different because they look different. They mother can have up to 12 puppies at a time. The mother keeps the puppies safe so bad dogs don t got the puppies. The mother dog feed the puppies. When dogs bark at you they do not want you near them. When dogs are happy they wag their tail. When dogs are fighting they want to know who is top dog.

13 JA Dog help you in many ways. A dog can be a good help being a watch dog like if anybody breaks in to your house. A dog can lead you if you are blind. Dog help if you are chasing somebody they can stop by biting them. You have to feed a dog two time and a day and give them a lot of water and you have to play with them and you have to take them for a walk two time a day and let them play with other dogs.

14 Teacher: Can you describe dogs? Students: Everybody knows what a dog looks like Teacher: Remember, you decided to read your dog reports to the first grade class where JB has a sister.

15 Goal 5: Teach Tenor REGISTER Field: Topic Tenor: audience - writer; Voice,identity Mode: Oral/ written Multimodal Purpose: Genre Medium: Letter poem, Book Power point

16 Students added JB Dogs have 1 tail and 2 ears and 2 eyes and 4 legs. They have four paws. JA A dog has two eyes two ears and a wet nose. Inside its mouth a dog has some white teeth and a pink tongue. It has four legs and four and a dog can be black and white.

17 All About Opossums (JA) They live on tall trees. They make nests with leaves and sticks. They hide in burrows underground. They have a tail. They have no fur on their ears but have fur on their bodies. They have a pink nose. The skin is thin and transparent. They have no fur. They are smaller than a dime. The mothers have six to twenty babies at a time.

18 Goals Teach other genres: Report writing Teach text structure of reports Teach to use referents for pronouns Difference between fact and opinion Teach tenor

19 Goals Teach other genres: Report writing Teach text structure of reports Teach to use referents for pronouns Difference between fact and opinion + / - -- Teach tenor

20 All About Tarantulas (JB) Tarantulas are big spiders. They have 8 legs. They have jaws for eating and digging. They might have up to eight eyes for very good vision. Tarantulas live in warm places. And some live in trees and some live underground. And some live in holes called burrows. Tarantulas eat lizards and they eat beetles. And use their poison to turn them to mush. Large tarantulas eat snakes and birds.

21 Goals Teach other genres: Report writing Teach text structure of reports Teach to use referents for pronouns Difference between fact and opinion Teach tenor

22 Goals Teach other genres: Report writing Teach text structure of reports Teach to use referents for pronouns Difference between fact and opinion Teach tenor

23 All About Bats (W) Bats live in dark places. Bats live in caves. Bats live all over the world. Bats eat insects. Brown bats eat 150 mosquitoes in 15 minutes. Bats eat half their own weight in bugs. Bats have 2 wings. Bats have 5 fingers that are connected by a membrane. Bats have claws on their toes and thumbs.

24 Goals Teach other genres: Report writing Teach text structure of reports Teach to use referents for pronouns Difference between fact and opinion Teach tenor

25 Goals Teach other genres: Report writing Teach text structure of reports Teach to use referents for pronouns Difference between fact and opinion +/- Ommits pronouns Teach tenor

26 Conclusion Scaffolding works to a degree, depending on development Allows those students who are ready to grow Allows students to get as far as they can Not apply, over apply, or apply without noticing impact to the whole

27 Teaching informed by SFL Have a limited number of goals Choose them from: Context, register (field, tener,mode), medium, purpose Text structure depending on genre LANGUAGE True language choices vs. formulas

28

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