Multi-taxa surveys: integrating ecosystem processes and user demands

Transcription

1 Multi-taxa surveys: integrating ecosystem processes and user demands William E. Magnusson PPBio Amazônia ocidental Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)

2 PPBio overview The PPBio is a program of the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology, and is organized in 3 components: Collections Inventory Theme Projects

3 CENBAM (an INCT of the PPBio)

4 Biodiversity is complex and cannot be understood independent of the environment.

5 Modelo padronizado de grade utilizada pelo PPBio. Human and physical Infrastructure Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade (PPBio) Parque Nacional Viruá. Exemplo de metadados disponíveis no site. Standardized surveys Piquete para referência no campo. Long-term research infrastructure Biological information Coletando informações físico-químicos do igarapé. Involvement of local people Data made available quickly to decision makers Equipe de pesquisa. Training

6 Lessons from Alter do Chão. Making decisions about a poorly known biota. Doctoral Thesis Ana Albernaz INPA 2002 Sampling points

7 Alter do Chão Management units Doctoral Thesis Ana Albernaz INPA 2002

8 Priorities for inclusion of management units in the reserve system were proportional to (an artifact of) sampling effort. Tese Doutorado Ana Albernaz INPA 2002

9 RAPELD Requirements for an efficient and effective system of survey: < (1) Be standardized technically and spatially. (2) Permit integrated surveys of all taxa. (3) Be large enough to allow monitoring of all elements of the biodiversity and associated ecosystem processes. (4) Be modular, to permit comparisons with comparisons with less-intensive surveys over large areas. (5) Be compatible with initiatives already underway. (6) Can be implemented with the available manpower and finance. (7) The data should be made available to users quickly.

10 Reserva Ducke : The first RAPELD site.

11 Lessons learned Reserva Ducke During almost 20 years, I and my collaborators undertook studies of the biology of species from Reserva Ducke. However, those studies wer e of virtually no use to develop a management plan for the reserve. Why????????

12 The sample space and data quality USELESS USEFUL

13 RAPELD access infrastructure We installed 144 km of trails, covering 64 km 2.

14 RAPELD trails are narrow and almost imperceptible.

15 RAPELD plots follow the altitudinal contour lines. In central Amazonia (and most places in the world), the soil characteristics and water-table depth are strongly correlated with altitude.

16 Subsampling is more cost effective for most questions. Vegetation (Carolina de Castilho) Composition: species identification platô Estrutura : 3 DBH classes 4 m 20 m 40 m baixio

17 Br 319 Km 290 RAPELD sampling modules (subunits of a full grid)

18 RAPELD: The world s fastest growing Eden.

19 RAPELD works in savannas

20 RAPELD works in the Pantanal

21 RAPELD in human-dominated landscapes São Paulo

22 RAPELD should work in the sea. ICMBIO São Sebastião

23 Data management is critical: Example of RAPELD metadata.

24 RAPELD and incremental, integrated knowledge accumulation (the bait) Igarapé Data Hora Bacia ph Temp ºC Condut. uso2 % O2 mg/l Part. S. mg/l Ác. Húmicos Ac11 3/29/01 ######## Oeste Ac12 3/30/01 ######## Oeste Ac13 3/29/01 ######## Oeste Ac14 3/15/01 ######## Oeste * <2, Ac15 3/15/01 ######## Oeste * <2, Ac22 4/20/01 ######## Oeste * <2, Ac23 3/13/01 ######## Oeste Ac31 3/29/01 ######## Oeste Ac32 3/20/01 ######## Oeste Ac33 3/14/01 ######## Oeste * <2, Bo11 4/11/01 ######## Oeste Bo12 5/2/01 ######## Oeste * <2, Bo13 5/3/01 ######## Oeste Bo14 5/4/01 ######## Oeste Bo15 5/5/01 ######## Oeste Bo16 5/5/01 ######## Oeste * <2, Bo21 5/2/01 ######## Oeste Bo22 5/4/01 ######## Oeste Bo31 5/1/01 ######## Oeste * <2, Br21 4/3/01 ######## Leste * <2, Ip11 4/12/01 ######## Leste * <2, Ip12 4/11/01 ######## Leste * <2, Ip13 4/13/01 ######## Leste * <2, Ip14 4/13/01 ######## Leste * <2, Ip21 4/13/01 ######## Leste * <2, Ti11 4/15/01 ######## Leste * <2, Ti12 4/15/01 ######## Leste * <2, Ti13 4/18/01 ######## Leste * <2, Ti14 4/3/01 ######## Leste * <2, Ti21 4/19/01 ######## Leste * <2, Ti22 4/3/01 ######## Leste * <2, Ti31 4/19/01 ######## Leste * <2, Ti33 4/4/01 ######## Leste * <2, Ub11 4/16/01 ######## Leste * <2,

25 RAPELD is used to calibrate remote sensing SRTM r 2 =0.7 Where is that stream?

26 RAPELD: Calibration of SRTM data 300 PN Viruá Elevação SRTM (m) Elevação SRTM Elevação medida em campo (m) Elevação medida em campo (m) The relationship between altitude in SRTM and field measurements is not good for areas in low altitude and slopes, specially in inundated regions.

27 RAPELD: Calibration of LIDAR Even NASA researchers have to get their feet dirty sometimes.

28 RAPELD: Within-site relationships

29 RAPELD: Comparisons between grids Ant communities Fabrício Baccaro & Jorge Souza

30 RAPELD: Among-site relationships Some ecological relationships cannot be seen in 25 km 2. Ant dominance-diversity relationships.

31 Karawatha (Australia) Arboreal biomass in Reserva Ducke (Carolina Castilho s data). Reserva Ducke Brazil RAPELD and comparisons among continents. Arboreal biomass.

32 Data from Reserva Ducke (Ph.D. Carol Castilho) predict 85% of the variance in the proportion of biomass in each size class in Karawatha (BSc. Hons Sarah Butler) and 98% of size classes <70 cm dbh). KARAWATHA DUCKE SIZE_CLASS SIZE_CLASS

33 RAPELD: Soil x Time x Climate

34 RAPELD and IBAMA DILIC Environmental impact studies need to be comparable.

35 RAPELD, fish and selective logging Dias et al. In press. Conservation Biology

36 The RAPELD system detects subtle long-term effects of selective logging on fish assemblages.

37 RAPELD and Environmental Impact statements EIAs for Balbina dam revealed only 48 species of frog: But 58 were recorded from the Balbina RAPELD grid.

38 RAPELD and Environmental Impact statements Comparison of standardized and conventional surveys in Rondônia. Karina Núnez Albertina Lima Claudia Keller

39 RAPELD and Environmental Impact statements Data from studies that are not spatially standardized are of little use for management.

40 PPBio and society Returning the results to local people

41 PPBio Popularizing science

42 PPBio and society Identification guides were donated to 120 schools in Manaus School teachers receiving guides.

43 RAPELD: Integration with international biodiversity iniciatives TEAM: Conservation International 100 ha CTFS: Smithsonian 50 ha LBA: NASA <50 ha Mammal Transects: Carlos Peres UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA UK WCS: Wildlife Conservation Society Jaguars 3,600 ha

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