Gasification of biomass - Biomass CHP Güssing

Transcription

1 Gasification of biomass - Biomass CHP Güssing Dr. Reinhard Rauch Institute for Chemical Vienna, University of Technology

2 Content Principle of FICFB gasification Results from biomass CHP Güssing CHP with Gas Engine Liquid Fuels by Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Gaseous Fuels by Methanation 2

3 Head: Ingo Marini Vice-Head: Hermann Hofbauer Mechanical Process Thermal Process & Simulation Chemical Process & Fluidisation Microbiology & Bio-chemical Gentechnology & Biochemistry Environmental Technology & Ecology Chemistry of Food and Natural Materials At the moment scientific employes Turnover by research projects 2007: ~4.1 mill Euro More information under 3

4 Research Area Chemical Process & A. Reichhold, F. Winter, H. Hofbauer Research Group Fluidized Bed Systems & Refinery Technology Alexander Reichhold Research Group Reaction & Combustion Franz Winter Research Group Future Hermann Hofbauer Research Group Future works in: Biomass conversion (combustion, gasification, pyrolysis) Production of 2 nd generation biofuels (thermo chemical pathway) CLC (chemical looping combustion) 4

5 Equipment available FRU (Formation rate unit) Laboratory bubbling fluidised bed 100kW fuel input FICFB gasifier 50kW fuel input pressurised FB gasifier 120kW fuel input fixed bed gasifier 200kW fuel input CLC measuring equipment to measure gas composition, tar, and inorganic species simulation tools (IPSE pro for mass and energy balances, Fluent for fluid dynamics) 5

6 Content Principle of FICFB gasification Results from biomass CHP Güssing CHP with Gas Engine Liquid Fuels by Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Gaseous Fuels by Methanation 6

7 Gasification Systems Biomass Gasification Autothermal Allothermal Air O 2 /H 2 O H 2 O CO 2 Hu: low N 2 : high H 2 : low Hu: medium N 2 : zero H 2 : high Hu: medium N 2 : zero H 2 : high Hu: medium N 2 : zero H 2 : medium 7

8 The FICFB gasification technology Aims of the process: To produce a product gas with a high quality without the use of pure oxygen low nitrogen and tar content high calorific value Suitable for many different biomasses Usage of gas to produce electricity or upgrading to synthesis gas 8

9 Principle of the Process I product gas flue gas Heat Gasification Combustion biomass circulation steam air 9

10 Development steps 1993 Cold flow model Basic fluiddynamic research kw th laboratory plant Proof of principle kw th pilot plant Variation of process parameters and development of gas treatment kw th pilot plant Production of hydrogen rich gas, coupling with fuel cell kw th demonstration plant Biomass CHP Guessing Nm³/h SNG Usage of product gas as synthesis gas for production of methane Nm³/h FT-Synthesis Usage of product gas as synthesis gas for production of FT-Diesel 10

11 History of 100kW FICFB gasifier 1995: 100kW 1993: kW : 100kW 2000 flue gas fuel producer gas flue gas flue gas producer gas fuel producer gas steam air steam air air fuel steam 11

12 100kW FICFB gasifier Flow sheet of pilot plant III 12

13 Biomasses tested in the pilot scale FICFB gasifier Wood chips Wood pellets Saw dust Coal Sewage sludge pellets Animal residue Straw Willow All fuels can be used, if the ash melting point is above 1000 C as pure fuel. Fuels with lower ash melting point have to be used as mixture (e.g. 15% straw works well) 13

14 Change of bed material and influence on gas composition Bed material Olivine Calcite (AER- Process) Gasification temperature Catalyst (Nickel) 850 C 640 C 840 C H 2 [mol%] CO [mol%] CO 2 [mol%] CH 4 [mol%] C 2 H 4 [mol%] C 2 H 6 [mol%] < 0.1 HC (C 3 -C 5 ) [mol%] <

15 Content Overview about energy situation in Austria Principle of FICFB gasification Results from biomass CHP Güssing CHP with Gas Engine Liquid Fuels by Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Gaseous Fuels by Methanation 15

16 Biomass CHP Güssing design data Start of construction September 2000 Start up January 2002 Fuel 2,2 to/h (Wood chips) Water content 15 % (35 %) Fuel power 8 MW Electrical power 2 MW Thermal power 4,5 MW Electrical efficiency 25 % (20%) Total efficiency 80 % Owner and operator Biomass Power Station Güssing Association

17 Biomass CHP Güssing Test plants Renewable Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG), Renewable Liquid Fuels Gas Engine Biomass gasification Biomass SNG-lab scale production FT liquid fuels 17

18 CHP-PLANT GÜSSING To synthesis gas applications electricity heat 18

19 Gas Composition (after gas cleaning) Main Components H 2 % CO % CH 4 % ~10 CO 2 % Minor Components C 2 H 4 % 2-3 C 2 H 6 % ~0.5 C 2 H 2 % ~0,4 O 2 % < 0,1 N 2 % 1-3 C 6 H 6 g/m 3 ~8 C 7 H 8 g/m 3 ~0,5 C 10 H 8 g/m 3 ~2 TARS mg/m Possible poisons H 2 S mgs/nm³ ~200 Mercaptans mgs/nm³ ~30 Thiophens mgs/nm³ ~7 HCl ppm ~3 NH3 ppm Dust mg/nm³ < 20 H 2 :CO = from 1.5:1 to 2:1 19

20 Increase of Availability of the Plant gasifier engine hours of operation

21 Sulfur balance = Anlagenteile = H 2 S S im Produktgas = S in Feststoffen = SO 2 S im Rauchgas = R-SH S im Produktgas = S in Biomasse 21

22 Lifetime of engine oil 3 2,5 Grenzwert Neutralisationzahl [mgkoh/g] 2 1,5 1 0, Betriebsstunden 22

23 Optimisation CHP Integrated dryer h el = 34 %; h ges = 70 %; IGCC h el = 31 %; h ges = 75 %; Single Cycle h el = 25 %; h ges = 80 %; BWL = 8,8 MW f = 40 % Dryer BWL = 9,6 MW f = 15 % Gasifier Engine el = 2,4 MW el = 3,0 MW w = 5,3 MW ORC el = 0,6 MW w = 4,2 MW w = 3,2 MW 23

24 Biomass CHP Oberwart 24

25 The basic concept Green Chemistry Over 30,000 hours of operation Producer Gas (gas engine, gas turbine, fuel cell) Biomass Biomass Gasification Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) FT-Fuels (FT-Diesel) Methanol Hydrogen others 25

26 Renewable liquid fuels Fischer-Tropsch Syntheses 26

27 Fischer Tropsch Syntheses Fischer-Tropsch BioFiT Slurry bed reactor Temperature C Pressure bar Capacity ~ 10 Nm³/h Catalyst 2005: Iron 2006: Cobalt 2007: commercial catalyst nco + 2nH 2 = nch 2 + nh 2 O Biomass gasification Biomass BioFiT liquid fuel production 27

28 Schema of FT Syntheses Fluidised bed 850 C biomass steam particel tar heat Gas engine electricity gasification Gas cleaning Gas utilisation Flue gas Sulphur Chlorine Gas Treatment and compression FT-Synthesis C bar catalyst Product separation gaseous products, Off-Gas liquid fuel 28

29 Properties of FT Diesel Properties Unit EN 590:2004 Results of FT Diesel min max Cetane number - 51, Density at 15 o C kg/m³ Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons %(m/m) - 11 < 1 Total aromatics content %(m/m) - - < 1 Sulphur content mg/kg - 50 < 5 Flash point C >55-87 to 91 Carbon residue %(m/m) - 0,30 < 0,03 Ash content %(m/m) - 0,01 < 0,0015 Water content mg/kg to 300 Total contamination mg/kg to 4 Copper strip corrosion (3h at 50 C) rating class 1 class 1 a Oxidation stability g/m³ - 25 < 5 Lubricity, corrected wear scar diameter m m to 360 Viscosity at 40oC mm²/s 2,00 4, to 2.5 Oxidation stability g/m³ - 25 < 12 Cold Filter Plugging Point, (CFPP) C to 0 29

30 Renewable natural gas Synthetic natural gas (BioSNG) 30

31 Methanation Methanation (BioSNG) Fluidized bed reactor Temperature C Pressure 1-5 bar Capacity ~ 10 Nm³/h Catalyst Nickel CO + 3 H 2 = CH 4 + H 2 O Biomass gasification Biomass BioSNG-lab scale production 31

32 Results BioSNG lab scale So far no deactivation In cooperation with PSI 32

33 Schema BioSNG demonstration Fluegas Fluegas Treatment Wood Power Gasification Gas Cleaning Gas Engine Ash H 2 Recycle Streams Energy, Liquid & Solid Waste Gas Treatment Methanation SNG Purification Energy, Water & other Materials CO 2 + H 2 S / Heavy HC CO 2 Product (to substitute N 2 ) SNG Fueling Station Rev. 4 / DU / Bio-SNG Fuel 33

34 1MW BioSNG demonstration plant 34

35 Current Status and Outlook Successful scale up of a dual fluidized bed steam gasification system from laboratory to industrial scale (within 10 years) Industrial plant available with High electrical efficiency (> 30 % with combined gas engine and ORC-process) No solid residues (without ash, carbon content <0,5 %) No liquid condensates European emission requirements are met High availabilities (>93 %) Next plant is under commissioning (10 MW fuel ) High potential for biofuels (BioSNG, BioFiT) BioSNG, most suitable, 1 MW (100 m 3 /h BioSNG), start up demonstration Summer 2008 BioFiT, research ongoing 35

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