2012 IBC & 2012 NFPA 101 Significant Means of Egress Changes. Questions Design Occupant Load Means of Egress Capacity Determination

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1 2012 IBC & 2012 NFPA 101 Significant Means of Egress Changes Clay Aler, P.E. Principal Andrew M. Schneider, P.E. Senior Fire Protection Engineer Questions Submit questions in your Go To Webinar Question box Answers as time permits at the end Answers to all questions will be posted after the Webinar Koffel Associates, Inc. Expertly Engineering Safety From Fire Design Occupant Load ,Table Design Occupant Load- Areas without Fixed Seating Cumulative Occupant Loads Reformats the requirements previously located in and (Exiting from multiple levels) removed from (Egress convergence) moved to Table revised to include new terminology Occupant Load Factor (previously Floor Area in Sq. Ft. Per Occupant ) Occupant load factor for Exhibit gallery and museum added (30 net) Table Maximum Floor Area Allowances per Occupant - now includes Mall buildings - covered and open with a reference to Section where the occupant load for malls is addressed Means of Egress Capacity Determination has been broken down into multiple sections and is now Stairways Other egress components Capacity of the means of egress from any story cannot be reduced along the path of travel until termination at the public way Where more than 1 exit is required, loss of any 1 exit cannot reduce the available egress capacity to less than 50% of the required egress capacity Means of Egress Capacity Determination Reduced egress width factors for sprinklered buildings from 2000 through 2006 IBC reintroduced 0.2 inches per occupant for stairways 0.15 inches per occupant for other egress components Building must be equipped with automatic sprinkler system and emergency voice/alarm system Excludes Group H and I-2 occupancies 5 6 1

2 Accessible Means of Egress Accessible Means of Egress Interior exit access stairways and exterior areas of rescue assistance are now recognized as an accessible means of egress component ( ) Multiple modifications to Exterior areas for assisted rescue now permitted on stories above the level of exit discharge Stairways as part of MOE for exterior area for assisted rescue no longer require clear width of 48 inches between handrails in sprinkler protected buildings Revised separation requirements for exterior areas of assisted rescue ( ) Stairs in Accessible Means of Egress (1) The minimum 48 in. clear width. (2)* For stairs where egress is in the descending direction, a clear width of not less than 37 in. (940 mm), measured at and below handrail height, shall be permitted where all of the following are met: (a) An approved stair descent device is provided on each floor served by the stair. (b) Additional approved stair descent devices are provided on floors with an occupant load exceeding 200 at the ratio of one device per 200 occupants. (c) The required approved stair descent devices are provided in an approved location on the floor Evacuation Elevators 2009 Edition was Annex B Elevators for Occupant- Controlled Evacuation Prior to Phase I Emergency Recall Operations Now code requirements in 2012 Edition Fire Safety and Evacuation Plans Fire Safety and Evacuation Plans Addition: Reference to IFC and 404 for requirements regarding fire safety and evacuation plans IFC 404 requires plans in certain Group A, B, E, F, H, I, M, and R occupancies, high rise buildings, certain covered mall buildings and buildings with an atrium EXIT

3 Access-Controlled Egress Doors Relocated from to clarify it is a different kind of locking mechanism, not a different kind of door Mag Locks on Egress Doors Egress doors which require panic hardware are now permitted to be equipped with electromagnetic locks Panic hardware must be listed for use in the release of electromagnetic locks Operation of listed hardware must directly interrupt the power to the electromagnet (ensures compliance with single operation requirements of ) Special Locking Arrangements (5) Delayed-Egress Locking Systems The egress side of doors equipped with delayed-egress locks shall be provided with emergency lighting in accordance with Section (7) Access-Controlled Egress Door Assemblies The egress side of access-controlled egress doors, other than existing access-controlled egress doors, shall be provided with emergency lighting in accordance with Section Two Releasing Operations for Existing Hardware Two releasing operations shall be permitted for existing hardware on a door leaf serving an area having an occupant load not exceeding 3, provided releasing does not require simultaneous operations Smoke Barrier Doors Latching hardware shall be required on doors in smoke barriers, unless specifically exempted by Chapters 11 through Inspection of Door Openings Where required by the occupancy chapters, the following doors must be inspected and tested not less than annually: Panic hardware or fire exit hardware Exit enclosures Electrically controlled Special locking arrangements

4 Exit Discharge Number of Means of Egress Stairs and ramps that continue more than onehalf story beyond the level of discharge shall be provided with an approved means to prevent or dissuade occupants from traveling past the level of discharge during emergency building evacuation. A Section 7.4 requires a minimum number of means of egress Several occupancy chapters establish not only the minimum number of means of egress but also the minimum number of actual exits that must be provided on each floor Stairways 1012 Handrails Interior Exit Stairways Conventional exit stair enclosures required for travel distance or # of exit requirements Exit Access Stairways Groups unenclosed stairs formerly located in exceptions and exceptions Open parking garage stairs and ramps Outdoor facility stairs Technical production area stairs Balcony and mezzanine stairs Group I-3 stairs Stairs protected by draft curtains and closely spaced sprinklers Atrium stairs exception Allows transition pieces in continuous handrails to exceed the maximum permitted handrail height now clarifies that intermediate rails do not reduce egress width , Guards at Operable Windows Guard Height Guard requirements for operable windows with sill height > 72 inches above finished grade relocated from Ch. 14 to Ch. 10 Minimum window sill height at which a guard is not required has been increased from 24 to 36 inches Operable sections of windows shall not permit openings that allow passage of a 4-inch diameter sphere where such openings are located within 36 inches of the finished floor See for exceptions Window opening control devices required to comply with ASTM F Modified exception for minimum required guard height for Group R-3 occupancies and within individual R-2 dwelling units Decreased from 42 to 36 inches (to be consistent with the IRC) Occupancy must not be more than three stories above grade in height 24 4

5 Floor Level Exit Signs in Group R-1 Addition: Where exit signs are required in Group R-1 occupancies by , additional low level exit signs are now required in means of egress serving guest rooms Provide additional safety for occupants and fire fighters not familiar with surroundings when smoke layer develops and obscures normal-use exit signs Bottom shall be between 10 and 12 inches above floor Flush mounted to door or wall If mounted on wall, edge of sign must be within 4 inches of door frame on latch side Automatic Motion Sensor Lighting-Type Switches Unless prohibited by Chapters 11 through 43, automatic motion sensor type lighting switches shall be permitted within the means of egress, provided that the switch controllers comply with all of the following: (1) the switch controllers are listed (2) the switch controllers are equipped for fail-safe operation and evaluated for this purpose (3) the illumination timers are set for a minimum 15-minute duration (4) the motion sensor is activated by any occupant movement in the area served by the lighting units (5) the switch controller is activated by activation of the building fire alarm system, if provided Energy Saving Lighting * - Energy saving sensors, switches, timers or controllers shall be approved and shall not compromise the continuity of illumination of the means of egress required by A A consideration for the approval of automatic, motion-sensor type lighting switches, controls, timers or controllers is whether the equipment is listed as a fail-safe device for use in the means of egress Photoluminescent Markings Addresses photoluminescent markings in stair enclosures. Numerous changes for this edition. Still how to do it not where to do it. Manufacturers are telling people it is mandated. Similar to mandatory provisions set by local law in NYC Corridor Continuity Clarification that where the path of travel within fire-resistance-rated corridors to an exit includes travel along unenclosed exit access stairways or ramps, the fire-resistance rating must be continuous for the length of the stair or ramp until the exit & Egress Balconies and Exterior Exit Stairways and Ramps New requirement that exterior egress balconies, exit stairways and ramps be located > 10 ft from lot lines and other buildings on the same lot unless the exposing building exterior walls and openings are protected per

6 Exits from Stories Exits now permitted to be arranged where they serve a portion of a story instead of all occupants on that floor Must meet the following: Number of exits from story complies with Access to exits from each individual space in the story complies with All spaces within each portion of a story must have access to the min. number of approved exits based on O.L of that portion, but not less than two exits Exits from Mixed Occupancy Buildings Added a ratio equation used to determine if a single exit is allowed to serve the combined occupant load from multiple occupancies in a mixed occupancy building. If the sum of the ratios of the calculated number of occupants of the space divided by the allowable number of occupants for each occupancy is 1, a single exit is permitted , Table (1) - Exits from Dwelling Units & Enclosure Penetrations of Interior Exit Stairways and Exit Passageways Penetrations of fire barriers enclosing an interior exit stair or ramp or exit passageway now permitted in exterior membrane Penetrations must be properly protected in accordance with the membrane penetration provisions of Separation of Spaces under Grandstands and Bleachers Addition: If space underneath grandstands or bleachers is used for purposes other than ticket booths < 100 ft2 and toilet rooms, the space must be separated by fire barriers Barriers must comply with 711 and have at least 1-hour fireresistance-rated 35 construction Aisle Accessways Serving Seating at Tables Relocated provisions of Now all aisle and aisle accessway requirements for assembly spaces are located in

7 419, Live/Work Units Definition of Live/Work unit added to 202 Means of egress components ( 419.3) now designed in accordance with Ch. 10 based on function of residential space Plumbing facilities ( 419.9) in accordance with Ch. 29 based on the function of the nonresidential space Mezzanine Means of Egress Modification: Specific mezzanine means of egress provisions have been removed Replaced with a general reference to Ch. 10 Mezzanines must now comply with general means of egress provisions Incidental Uses - General Replaced incidental accessory occupancies with concept of incidental uses Removes relationship with mixed-occupancy provisions Incidental uses - functional extensions of a primary use which generally pose a greater level of risk to that occupancy ( 509.1) All uses listed in Table 509 Classified the same as the building occupancy in which they reside (no longer permitted to be classified as unique occupancy groups) ( 509.2) Shall not occupy > 10% of the building area of the story in which they are located (based on floor area of individual tenant space in the case of multiple tenants per floor) ( 509.3) & Normally Unoccupied Support Areas / * - Normally Unoccupied Building Service Equipment Support Area. A building service equipment support area in which people are not expected to be present on a regular basis Normally Unoccupied Equipment Areas Normally Unoccupied Support Areas Access/Egress Normally Unoccupied Building Service Equipment Support Areas * - Hazard of Contents Unless prohibited by Chapters 11 through 43, the provisions of Section 7.13 shall apply in lieu of the provisions of Section 7.1 through Section 7.12 to normally unoccupied building service equipment support areas, where such areas do not contain high hazard contents or operations. No Sprinkler Protection Sprinkler Protection < 45,000 sq ft 45,000 sq ft 90,000 sq ft Access Panel Doors Per Doors Per Access Panel Access Panel Doors Per

8 Normally Unoccupied Equipment Areas Egress Doors * - Egress from normally unoccupied building service equipment support areas shall be provided by doors complying with where the normally unoccupied building service equipment support area exceeds 45,000 ft2 in buildings not protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system A Egress from normally unoccupied building service equipment support areas not exceeding 45,000 ft2 is permitted to be by access panels or other hardware not complying with the door requirements of Normally Unoccupied Equipment Areas Egress from normally unoccupied building service equipment support areas shall be provided by doors complying with where the normally unoccupied building service equipment support area exceeds 90,000 ft 2 in buildings protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system The absence of sprinklers in the normally unoccupied building service equipment support area as permitted by an exemption of NFPA 13, shall not cause the building to be classified as nonsprinklered for the purposes of applying Normally Unoccupied Equipment Areas , Technical Production Area Terminology Means of Egress Path Width Head Room Exit Signage Illumination Number of Means of Egress Outdated terminology replaced Replaced fly gallery, gridiron, and pinrail with the all inclusive technical production area Means of Egress for stages and technical production areas moved to Day Care Means of Egress New section requiring a second means of egress for rooms or spaces providing care for more than 10 children (2 ½ years or younger) Group I-2 Means of Egress Group I-2 Exit Access Requirements ( ) moved to The requirements are essentially unchanged

9 Health Care Corridors Stored or Parked? (4)(c)i* Projections into the required width shall be permitted for wheeled equipment in use and carts in use. (4)(c)ii* Projections into the required width shall be permitted for wheeled medical emergency equipment not in use. (5)* Where the corridor width is at least 8 ft, projections into the required width shall be permitted for fixed furniture provided that all of the following conditions are met: (a) The furniture is securely attached to the floor or to the wall. (b) The fixed furniture does not reduce the clear unobstructed corridor width to less than 6 ft except as permitted by (2) and (3). (c) The fixed furniture is located only on one side of the corridor (d) The fixed furniture is grouped such that each grouping does not exceed an area of 50 sq ft (e) The fixed furniture groupings addressed in (7)(d) are separated from each other by a distance of at least 10 ft. (f)* The fixed furniture is located so as to not obstruct access to building service and fire protection equipment. (g) Corridors throughout the smoke compartment are protected by an electrically supervised automatic smoke detection system / Suite Intervening Rooms 18/ Sleeping Suite Arrangement. (A)* Occupants of habitable rooms within sleeping suites shall have exit access to a corridor complying with without having to pass through more than one intervening room. 18/ Suite Intervening Rooms 18/ * - Non-Sleeping Suite Arrangement. Occupants of habitable rooms within non-sleeping suites shall have exit access to a corridor complying with 18/ without having to pass through more than two intervening rooms. 18/ Non-Sleeping Suite Travel Distance. (A) Travel distance within a non-sleeping suite to an exit access door from the suite shall not exceed 100 ft. the following: (1) 100 ft where the suite is arranged with one intervening room (2) 50 ft where the suite is arranged with two intervening rooms Employee Work Areas Accessible Units in R- 1 Occupancies Maximum size of employee work areas exempt from requirement that commonuse circulation paths within work areas meet accessibility route requirements has been increased from 300 ft2 to 1000 ft2 Common use circulation path defined by permanently installed partitions, counters, casework, or furnishings New requirement consistent with ADA Guidelines 53 Modification: Not every element within or serving an Accessible unit has to be accessible Only one full bathroom need be accessible where multiple bathrooms are provided Where multiple family or assisted bathrooms serve a unit, at least 50% but not less than one room for each use at each cluster shall be accessible 5%, but not less than one bed shall be accessible 54 9

10 1109.2, Accessible Children s Facilities Added exceptions to allow for toilet facilities and drinking fountains to be designed using size provisions found in ICC A Can be installed at a lower height (30 inches for water fountains) and still be considered accessible Accessible Saunas and Steam Rooms Saunas and steam rooms now required to be accessible Exception: where saunas or steam rooms are clustered at a single location, at least 5% of the saunas and steam rooms but not less than one of each type in the cluster shall be accessible Added to ensure compliance with A117.1 technical requirements Variable Message Signs Variable message signs used in transportation facilities and emergency shelters now required to comply with A VMS signs not required in emergency shelters where equivalent information is provided in an audible manner (see exception to Minimum Kitchen Floor Area Minimum floor area requirement of 50 ft2 for kitchens has been removed Size limitation had no relation to life safety or health concerns still requires at least 3 ft of clearance between counter fronts and appliances or walls Toilet and Bathroom Requirements addressing water closet compartments relocated to addressing urinal partitions relocated to Term service sinks added to intended to protect walls and floors adjacent to plumbing fixtures from damage and decay 59 Questions and Discussion Expertly Engineering Safety From Fire 60 10

11 Future Questions. Upcoming Webinars Join our LinkedIn Discussion Groups Life Safety Code People can join the group and submit their questions or People can and submit anonymously Smoke Management Proposed Changes to the IBC Ask the Expert FAQ.Koffel.com Go to webinars.koffel.com for more information Following our webinars you will receive a link for a survey. At the end of the survey is a link for a copy of the presentation Thank You Clay Aler, P.E. Principal caler@koffel.com Andrew M. Schneider, P.E. Senior Fire Protection aschneider@koffel.com Follow us on LinkedIn Expertly Engineering Safety From Fire 11