art of the Americas before 1300

Transcription

1 163 CHAPTER thirteen art of the Americas before Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following features was shared by the different cultures of Mesoamerica? A. a common language B. a centralized system of government C. a supreme deity D. a ritual ballgame Page reference: The ancient Olmec culture produced. A. colossal heads with individualized features B. stone mosaics and objects buried beneath ritual sites C. jade objects and tools Page reference: Situated in an environment of, the Olmec culture built massive earth mounds where ceremonial centers were located. A. arid deserts and plains B. swampy coastal areas C. densely forested mountains D. fertile river valleys Page reference: What is indicated by the form emerging from the priest s mouth in the fresco of the Bloodletting Ritual (Fig. 13-7) from Teotihuacan? 163

2 164 A. the priest s chanted words B. his own blood, released to fertilize the earth C. the date and location of the ceremony D. the pain of the bloodletting process Page reference: The discovery of at Olmec sites is evidence of long-distance trade with other parts of Mesoamerica. A. jade B. woven textiles C. basalt Page reference: The city of Teotihuacan was planned around what distinctive feature? A. a grid system that organized extensive residential structures B. a broad thoroughfare laid along a North-South axis C. the Ciudadela D. a high mountain plateau Page reference: Which of the following is NOT true about Mayan writing? A. The same word can be written in multiple ways. B. Writing was closely related to the production of painted imagery. C. Inscriptions typically record historical events. D. Extant codices provide information about Mayan religious practice. Page reference: How does the Mayan site of Tikal conform to the uneven terrain of the rainforest? A. the use of a grid plan B. the buildings are terraced into the mountains C. structures placed on high ground connected by causeways D. the use of temporary structures made of impermanent materials Page reference: The Nazca are best known for their colossal. A. earthworks B. sculpted heads C. temples D. chacmools 164

3 165 Page reference: Which North American culture did NOT create burial and ceremonial earthworks? A. the Adena B. the Hopewell C. the Mississippian D. the Pueblo Page reference: What Mayan object commonly included inscriptions or painted text? A. cylinder vessels B. wall paintings C. monumental stelae Page reference: Which Mesoamerican culture s architecture is characterized by talud-tablero construction, where a sloping base supports a flat entablature? A. Olmec B. Teotihuacan C. Mayan D. Aztec Page reference: The Temple of the Inscriptions in Palenque (Fig. 13-9) is built above a corbelvaulted stairway that leads to. A. a natural spring, which may have been the original focus of worship B. the subterranean tomb of the ruler Pakal the Great C. a chamber with extensive reliefs and inscriptions that give the temple its name D. none of the above Page reference: Mayan temples set atop steep pyramids with levels, which probably reflected the culture s concept of the underworld. A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 10 Page reference:

4 The different architectural style and art emphasizing military conquests seen at the city of demonstrates the influence of Central Mexico on the Maya in the post-classic period. A. Chichen Itza B. Yaxchilan C. Palenque D. Tikal Page reference: How is Andean culture distinguished from the artistic developments in other parts of the world? A. the early production of textiles B. the extensive of gold in secular and ritual objects C. the early manufacture of functional ceramic vessels D. the lack of monumental architecture Page reference: Mayan inscriptions on architecture and stelae commonly. A. offer prayers to the gods B. record specific historical events C. serve an ornamental function D. provide instruction for ritual practice Page reference: How does the architecture of Chavin de Huantar reflect its position as an important religious center in the Andean highlands on a trade route between the coast and Amazon basin? A. the U-shaped Old Temple B. the sunken circular courtyards C. the synthesis of regional architectural forms D. none of the above Page reference: How did the discovery of an offering of carefully arranged figures in La Venta (Fig. 13-1) contribute to art history s knowledge of the Olmec? A. It demonstrated their skills at carving. B. It provided a context for similar figures found elsewhere. C. It explained Olmec ritual practice and belief. D. It proved the Olmecs interacted with other cultures. Page reference:

5 How is the relief carving of Lady Xok s Vision (Accession Ceremony) characteristic of Mayan sculpture? A. The relief is very high. B. It depicts a scene of courtly life. C. The key figures shown are human. D. All of the above. Page reference: The Diquis culture produced elaborate jewelry that reflects. A. their belief in gold s supernatural powers B. their mythological beliefs C. their ritual practices Page reference: Textiles produced by the Paracas culture are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: A. the predominance of male artists B. the use of many colors in a single textile C. twining, knotting, and braiding fibers D. repeated embroidered figures Page reference: The naturalism that characterizes sculpted animal and bird heads of the Florida Glades culture demonstrates. A. the artistic influence of Western cultures B. their remarkable powers of observation C. their belief that supernatural beings inhabited the sculptures D. the narrative function of art in the culture Page reference: The woodhenges (circles of wooden columns) found at the Mississippian culture of Cahokia seem related to. A. astronomical observation B. a ritual ball game C. food preparation and other domestic tasks D. defending the city from enemies and wild animals Page reference: What evidence suggests that the Hohokam culture of the American Southwest had ties with Mesoamerican culture of the period? 167

6 168 A. the imagery found on Hohokam pottery B. the presence of jade objects C. ballcourts at the Hohokam site Page reference: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Pueblo kivas? A. They were the site of religious ritual and initiation. B. They have a dome-like roof made of interlocking pine logs. C. A central hole in the roof admits a shaft of light on summer solstice. D. An indentation on the floor recalls the culture s mythic origins. Page reference: What feature of Southwestern pictographs is NOT shared by the prehistoric cave paintings found in Europe? A. They depict animals and human figures. B. They may record a successful hunting expedition. C. They were made by scraping away the brown bacteria on the canyon wall. D. They may have ritual significance. Page reference: What is a distinguishing feature of Pueblo Bonito (Fig ) in Chaco Canyon? A. It had multiple stories and many rooms. B. It stood at the hub of a network of roads to other communities. C. It was a site of low-fired pottery production. D. It was built on ledges under sheltering cliffs. Page reference: Much of what we know about Mayan courtly life comes from paintings on. A. cylinder vases B. rectangular vases C. wall reliefs D. wood statues Page reference: The at Teotihuacan is built over a multi-chambered cave with a spring, which may have been the original focus of worship at the site. A. Pyramid of the Sun B. Pyramid of the Moon C. Temple of the Inscriptions 168

7 169 D. Avenue of the Dead Page reference: The Temple of the Feathered Serpent includes high-relief carvings depicting a serpent with the goggle-eyed headdress associated with the Teotihuacan. A. Lightning God B. Sun God C. Storm God D. Thunder God Page reference: The Maya perfected a more sophisticated version of the Mesoamerican, which was used in recording the accomplishments of their rulers. A. burial site B. temple C. ballgame D. calendar Page reference: The Moche culture of Peru is known for their realistic vessels, made in the shape of naturalistically modeled human beings. A. burial B. portrait C. landscape D. scroll Page reference: Evidence of the Moche culture s sophisticated metallurgy skills are the gold-andturquoise found in the tomb of the Warrior Priest at Sipán. A. earspools B. headdresses C. belts D. necklaces Page reference: The Paracas culture is best known for its beautiful, which were found wrapped around bodies of the dead. A. belts B. necklaces C. textiles 169

8 170 D. bracelets Page reference: The people produced pipes, depicting forest animals and birds, which have been found from Lake Superior to the Gulf of Mexico. A. Parachas B. Moche C. Maya D. Hopewell Page reference: The nine great houses at Chaco Canyon, New Mexico are referred to as. A. pueblos B. dwellings C. hause D. mimbres Page reference: are often found on canyon walls where artists could scrape away the dark brown bacterial staining called desert varnish and expose the lighter sandstone beneath. A. Hieroglyphs B. Petroglyphs C. Pictographs D. Stereographs Page reference: Which of the following is NOT an early culture of the early American Southwest? A. Hohokam B. Mimbres/Mogollon C. Ancestral Puebloans D. Maya Page reference: The Beaver Effigy Platform Pipe (Fig ) is used by the smoker in such a way that the smoker would be face to face with the beaver figure's eyes. A. pearl B. jade C. bone D. pipestone 170

9 171 Page reference: The earspools worn by the Moche warriors on the gold and turquoise Earspool (Fig ) illustrate what notable features of Moche art? A. capacity for naturalism B. close attention to detail C. frequent use of gold in their jewelry Page reference: Where is the Great Serpent Mound (Fig ) of the Mississippian culture located? A. Louisiana B. Ohio C. Mississippi D. Indiana Page reference: The Moche culture's development of allowed them to massproduce some of their pottery forms. A. lost-wax technique B. low-fire glazes C. ceramic molds D. hand-building Page reference: 400 Short Answer 44. What advancements were developed by the people of Mesoamerica? 45. What features were shared by the different civilizations of Mesoamerica? 46. What was the appearance and possible purpose of the colossal Olmec heads found in Mexico? 47. What are the principle monuments of Teotihuacan? 48. What monuments are present in the Ceremonial Center of the city of Teotihuacan? 49. For what achievements are the Maya known? 50. What are the characteristics of the Mayan ideal of beauty? 51. What do the carved lintels of a palace in Yaxchilan represent? 171

10 How and why did Mayan artists create their work? 53. What are the prominent features of Chichen Itza, and why are they different from earlier sites? 54. How were the people of Central America different from their neighbors in Mesoamerica? 55. How did the lives of the coastal central Andes people differ from those who lived in the highlands? 56. What characterized the Early Horizon period? 57. What did the Paracas culture use textiles for? 58. What are the Nazca geoglyphs and what might have been their use? 59. What was the lifestyle of the North American people between 5000 and 1000 BCE? 60. What were two uses of Hopewell pipes? 61. How might the Great Serpent Mound (Fig ) relate to Haley s comet? 62. What three cultures rose in the early American Southwest? 63. Why might the most extensive great house in Chaco Canyon, Pueblo Bonito, have had so many rooms? Essay 64. What monumental structures were built in the ancient Americas? 65. Discuss the similarities and differences characterizing the major cultures of Mesoamerica. 66. Discuss the cultures of North America and their various earthworks. 172