Latitude, Longitude, and Time Zones

Transcription

1 Latitude, Longitude, and Time Zones

2 Typical Graph This is an example of a typical graph. It is made up of points that are connected by a line.

3 Y axis Typical Graph Each point has two values: (4,7) An X value that runs along the horizontal X axis and... A Y value that runs along the vertical Y axis X axis Each point is expressed as an X value and a Y value with the X value written first. For example... and... 7,5)

4 Typical Graph (-X,+Y) Y (+X,+Y) X Graphs may be divided into quadrants with the X and Y values being either positive (+) or negative (-) depending on the quadrant in which they are located. (-X,-Y) (+X,-Y) Now let s apply the same principles to latitude and longitude.

5 90 N What is latitude? Latitude is the distance from the equator along the Y axis. It is expressed in degrees. 90 S 0 The north pole is 90 N The south pole is 90 S And remember that the equator is 0 latitude. What is the maximum possible latitude on Earth? 90 is maximum. You could be at 90 N or 90 S but there is no greater latitude on Earth (or anywhere else)

6 What is longitude? Longitude is the distance from the prime meridian along the X axis. Just like latitude, longitude is measured in degrees. The prime meridian is And if you go half way around the world you will reach the 180 longitude line. Understand that there aren t two 180 lines. On this FLAT map it just looks that way. It s the SAME line. What is the maximum possible longitude on Earth? 180 is the maximum possible longitude on Earth.

7 On the map horizontal lines are lines of latitude and... vertical lines are lines of longitude. The X axis is the equator Equator and the Y axis which runs through Greenwich, England is the Prime Meridian* Prime Meridian * A MERIDIAN is another name for a line of longitude

8 Any location north of the equator is a NORTH LATITUDE Where do most people on earth live?

9 Any location south of the equator is a SOUTH LATITUDE

10 Any location west of the prime meridian is a WEST LONGITUDE

11 Any location east of the prime meridian is an EAST LONGITUDE

12 We can divide the Earth into quadrants: NW where all latitudes are NORTH and all longitudes are WEST. Notice that EVERY point in the United States will have a NORTH latitude and a WEST longitude since we are in the NW quadrant.

13 60 N, 30 W 75 S, 75 E 15 S, 105 W Each box on this map is 15. With that in mind how can we identify specific locations (red dots)? Remember, write latitude first! (It s the x coordinate) What are the coordinates of location...a What are the coordinates of location...b What are the coordinates of location...c But what about location D? It s in the middle of a box. What do we do now?

14 43 N Let s look at Ithaca, NY, the home of Cornell University. 77 W 76 W The latitude is more than 42 N but less than 43 N and the longitude is more than 76 W but less than 77 W Ithaca 42 N We need to be more precise. We can do that by subdividing each degree into 60 smaller units called minutes.

15 If there are 60 minutes in each degree then half a degree would be 30 minutes. Let s draw in the 30 minute (30 ) line. See these 2 marks? They are half way (30 ) between 42 N and 43 N. Using a ruler, connect them. The line you just drew is N. Now let s look at lines of longitude. See these 2 marks? They are half way (30 ) between 76 W and 77 W. Using a ruler, connect them. The line you just drew is W. Now let s see if we can locate Ithaca more precisely.

16 First comes latitude. Notice that Ithaca is just south of the N line. If it s not quite 30 then let s call it 25. Ithaca is located N. Now we ll do longitude which, for Ithaca is easy since it s located right on the W line. Ithaca s longitude is W. Now we ll put latitude and longitude together to give a precise location: Ithaca is N, W.

17 Here are some things to remember: > Latitude is written first and must always include N (north) or S (south) of the equator. > Longitude is written next and must always include E (east) or W (west) of the prime meridian. > Each degree of latitude or longitude can be divided into 60 minutes. > A minute, as used here, is a unit of distance on the earth s surface. It is not a unit of time. > Most of the time it will be impossible to be absolutely precise. Your best estimate might have to be to the nearest 5 or 10 minutes. In other words, an estimate of W is OK but W is trying to be more accurate than is reasonably possible.

18 Degrees and minutes Here is how you write degrees and minutes N (latitude) W (longitude) TOGETHER> N, W Latitude is always given first, followed by longitude. MNEMONIC Head for the HILLSS : High-Low Latitude, then Side to Side (longitude) Typing tip: for the degree symbol, ALT-0176 (Try it!)

19 LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE LATITUDE EQUATOR LONGITUDE MERIDIAN DEGREES

20 TIME ZONES

21 Why is an accurate system of time so important in our world? TRAVEL and TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATIONS FINANCE??? I = PRT

22 PRIME MERIDIAN

23 INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE MONDAY SUNDAY Why the zigzag line? MNEMONIC Go EAST a day earlier; go West way later.

24 TIME ZONES Time zones are measured by reference to a specific point, namely the prime meridian which runs through Greenwich, England. The time at the prime meridian is referred to as Greenwich Mean TimeNote-taking -- GMT tip Key term on left In recent years it is becoming more common to use the more Followed by a dash accurate Coordinated Universal Time (abbreviated then paraphrase as UTC) which uses an atomic time clock to regulate world time. UTC at the prime meridian is used as a starting point to determine time worldwide. So, for example, if a country is stated as having the time UTC+3, this means that when it is 1:00 PM in Greenwich, it is 4:00 PM in that country.

25 There are 24* primary world time zones Each time zone spans approximately 15 degrees of longitude * Because of local and political considerations there are actually more than 24 officially recognized time zones

26 WORLD CLOCK

27 UTC-ZULU* time? If it s 12:00 PM GMT or UTC-ZULU time, what is the time in Los Angeles? In Ankara, Turkey? *Used by the military and others to indicate GMT time at the 0 meridian (prime meridian)

28 It s all the SAME! GMT = UTC-0 = UTC-ZULU

29 GMT = 2:00 PM So what time is it in UTC = 2:00 PM UTC-Zulu = 2:00 PM See page 25 in your NWAt OSLO, Norway? (UTC+1) = BOMBAY, India? (UTC+5) = CHICAGO? (UTC-6) = LOS ANGELES? (UTC-8) = UTC-0 time is now 2:00 PM

30 JET LAG? Many travelers find that they suffer from a condition known as 'jet lag' when they have crossed time zones. This is a physiological condition triggered by the body becoming out of sync with the usual light and dark patterns to which it is accustomed. The condition is characterized by numerous symptoms, such as extreme fatigue, disorientation and loss of appetite. Jet lag often takes many days to recover; a rough medical guideline being one day per time zone. Sleep is seen as one of the best cures for jet lag, as is exposure to sunlight.

31 US TIME ZONES

32 FOUR US TIME ZONES

33 ABBREVIATIONS EST EDT* CST CDT* MST PST AST HST *DST= Daylight Savings Time

34 24-Hour Time Often referred to as MILITARY or RAILROAD time. Based on 24-hour day 12:05 AM = 00:05 WHAT TIME IS IT? 1:00 AM = 01:00 (1) 3:30 AM = 2:00 AM = 02:00 (2) 2:00 PM = 2:45 AM = 02:45 (3) 11:20 AM = 7:30 AM = 07:30 (4) 7:52 PM = 12:00 PM = 12:00 (5) 11:59 PM = 1:00 PM = 13:00 (6) 12:15 AM = 8:30 PM = 16:30 (7) 12:15 PM =

35 Back to the INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE (IDL) What day is it here? MONDAY SUNDAY 11:59PM 12:00AM MNEMONIC Go EAST a day earlier; go West way later.

36 IDL explained (I hope!)