The Autonomic Nervous System Physiology Study Guide, Chapter 9

Transcription

1 Name: The Autonomic Nervous System Physiology Study Guide, Chapter 9 Lab Time: 1 Part I. Clinical Applications and Short Essay 1. After surgery, patients are often temporarily unable to urinate, and bowel sounds are absent. Identify the division of the autonomic nervous system that is affected by anesthesia. 2. While jogging in the park, Susan was confronted by an angry dog. What division of her ANS was activated as she turned tail and ran from the dog? 3. Two of the many adverse health effects of cigarette smoking are that it is addictive and can cause high blood pressure. Explain how this can happen? 4. List four adrenergic receptors found in the human body 5. Name two cholinergic receptors found in the human body

2 2 6. Organophosphates are the basis of many pestisides, herbicides, and nerve gases. If exposed to these chemicals what is their effect on the body? 7. How does black widow spider venom exert its effects on the nervous system? 8. Explain how the autonomic nervous system is involved in the physiological mechanism by which a penile erection is produced, ejaculation of semen, and the way in which Viagra works.

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4 4 (Antagonistic) rest and digest

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7 7 Part IV Match the distinguishing feature to the proper division of the autonomic nervous system. a. Sympathetic system b. Parasympathetic system c. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system d. Neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic nervous system 1. Short cholinergic preganglionic fibers. 2. Originates in the cranial and sacral regions of the CNS 3. Originates in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the CNS 4. Short cholinergic postganglinic fibers 5. Long adrenergic postganglionic fibers 6. Long cholinergic preganglionic fibers 7. Nicotinic receptors on postganglionic fibers 8. System that dominates in emergency flight or flight situations 9. Muscarinic receptors for neurotransmitters 10. Innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and exocrine glands 11. Innervates skeletal muscle 12. Dominates in relaxed situations

8 13. Atropine blocks the effect of: A. acetylchonie muscarinic receptors B. acetylcholine nicotinic receptors C. acetylcholine at beta receptors D. norepinephrine at alpha receptors E. norepinephrine at beta receptors Curare: A. causes an explosive release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction B. blocks the effects of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors C. binds to and blocks acetylcholine receptor sites D. irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase E. blocks the effect of norepinephrine at both beta receptors 15. Neostigmine: A. causes an explosive release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction B. blocks the effect of acetylcholine at beta receptors C. Increases the activity of acetylcholinesterase D. prolongs the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction E. blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction 16. Botulinum toxin: A. blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction B. prolongs the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction C. blocks the effects of norepinephrine at the alpha receptors D. reversibly binds with acetylcholine receptor sites E. irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase 17. Mushroom poison: A. blocks the effects of norepinephrine at muscarinic receptors B. activates muscarinic receptors C. activates nicotinic receptors D. blocks the effect of norepinephrine at beta receptors E. causes an explosive release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction 18. Black widow spider venom: A. blocks the effects of norepinephrine at beta receptors B. activates muscarinic receptors C. activates nicotinic receptors D. causes an explosive release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction E. irreversible inhibits acetylcholinesterase 19. Organophosphates: A. blocks the effect of acetylcholine at alpha receptors B. activates muscarinic receptors C. activates micotinic receptors D. causes an explosive release of norepinephrine E. irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase

9 20. Military nerve gas: A. irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase B. causes an explosive release of acetylcholine C. blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction D. reversibly binds with acetylcholine receptor sites E. blocks the release of norepinephrine All of the following release acetylcholine except: A. sympathetic preganglionic fibers B. parasympathetic preganglionic fibers C. sympathetic postganglionic fibers D. parasympathetic postganglionic fibers E. somatic motor neurons 22. Which of the following does not characterize the sympathetic nervous system? A. It promotes responses that prepare the body for strenuous physical activity B. It is part of the autonomic nervous system. C. It has norepinephrine as its postganglionic neurotransmitter. D. It is always excitatory (that is, it increases the activity in every tissue it innervates). E. It is par of the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system. 23. Which of the following does not occur following adrenergic stimulation? A. dilation of the pulmonary bronchi B. dilation of the pupils C. increase heart rate D. increased basal metabolism E. peristalsis of the GI tract 24. The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system oppose each other in their effects on the: A. heart B. skeletal muscles C. sweat glands D. adrenal glands 25. Which of the following chemicals paralyzes skeletal muscle by binding to the acetylcholine receptor? A. black widow spider venom B. curare C. organophosphates D. BOTOX 26. One disease known to involve the neuromuscular junction is: A. polio B. Lou Gehrig s disease C. Myasthenia gravis D. All of these