PTAC: Applied Chemistry COURSE OUTLINE & OBJECTIVES ESC Approved November 19, 2004
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1 INTRODUCTION PTAC: Applied Chemistry COURSE OUTLINE & OBJECTIVES ESC Approved November 19, 2004 A. Introduction to Chemistry Terms 1. Define basic terms associated with chemistry: Organic/inorganic/biochemistry/physical chemistry. MEASUREMENT 1. Identify and describe Standard English units of measurement. 2. Identify and describe SI (metric) units of measurement. 3. Describe how significant digits impact quality, environmental concerns and economics. 4. Apply units of measurement to practical applications. 5. Perform conversions with factor label method. 6. Use basic math formulas to solve calculations. 7. Use scientific notation calculator correctly. A. Review of Mathematical Calculation B. Measurements Metric system (SI) English system Conversions Factor Label Method Relative sizes Concentrations Units of measurement (kilo, centi, milli, ppm, ppb) Moles (definition) PTAC Applied Chemistry Outline ESC Approved 11/19/04 Page 1 of 8
2 C. Uncertainty in measurement and significant digits, precision and accuracy Use of Scientific Notation Calculator NOTE: In this section, review, reference and make connections to the sections that follow. MATTER 1. Define matter. 2. Describe properties of atoms. 3. Define atomic structure. 4. Identify characteristics of metals and non-metals. 5. Locate metals and non-metals on a periodic table. 6. Describe the organization of the periodic table. 7. Identify families and groupings on a periodic table. 8. Use the periodic table to determine atomic weight and atomic number. 9. Describe the physical states of matter. 10. Explain the conservation of matter. 11. Describe the difference between mixtures and pure compounds. 12. Describe the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. 13. Identify and describe the difference between physical and chemical properties. 14. Explain density and specific gravity. 15. Use basic math formulas to solve calculations for density and specific gravity. 16. Identify and describe the difference between physical and chemical changes. A. Atoms Atomic structure + Protons + Neutrons + Electrons Atomic weight Atomic number Metals and non-metals PTAC Applied Chemistry Outline ESC Approved 11/19/04 Page 2 of 8
3 Elements Periodic Table Compounds B. Matter Physical state of matter Changes of states Conservation of matter Energy C. Mixture vs. pure compounds D. Homogeneous vs. heterogeneous mixtures E. Physical and chemical properties Density/Specific gravity F. Physical vs. chemical changes GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1. Describe valence and its relationship to bonding. 2. Describe the concepts of ionic, covalent and polar covalent bonding. 3. Name ionic and covalent compounds. 4. Given a chemical formula, correctly name the compound and vice versa. 5. Determine the molecular weight of various compounds. 6. Complete chemical equations. 7. Balance chemical equations. 8. Identify and describe reaction types. 9. List typical factors that affect reaction rates. 10. Describe the general properties of acids and bases. 11. Describe an acid/base titration. 12. Describe non-linearity of ph scale. 13. Describe the function of buffers and indicators. PTAC Applied Chemistry Outline ESC Approved 11/19/04 Page 3 of 8
4 14. Describe a neutralization reaction. 15. List and define factors affecting solubility. 16. Perform simple calculations to determine concentration (%weight, % volume) of solutions. 17. Give an industry-specific example of precipitation, crystallization, and extraction. 18. Describe how polarity and electro negativity affect solubility of different substances. A. Bonding Ions Binary compounds + Writing chemical formulas Covalent compounds + Writing chemical formulas Electro negativity Polarity Valence Electron dots/dot formulas B. Nomenclature of compounds Binary compounds + Ionic and covalent (Most Common) Polyatomic ions C. Chemical equations Completing chemical equations Balancing equations D. Reactions Types of reactions Reaction rates (factors) Endothermic and exothermic Catalysts E. Acids and Bases Definitions PTAC Applied Chemistry Outline ESC Approved 11/19/04 Page 4 of 8
5 Neutralization ph scale Buffers Indicators Titration F. Solutions/solubility rules (general basics) Factors affecting solubility Concentration (% weight, % volume) Precipitation Crystallization Particle size Extraction CHEMICAL CALCULATION 1. Explain conservation of mass. 2. Describe material balance in relationship to a chemical reaction in a process. 3. Using industrial units of measurement, relating to chemical reactions. 4. Explain the role of a limiting reactant. 5. Perform limiting reactant calculations. 6. Perform calculations that involve acid-based titrations. 7. Perform blending calculations. A. Material balance (chemical equations) Reactants to products and by-products Molar weight calculations (use pound moles) Limiting reactants Acid/Base reactions B. Titration calculate material balances (lb. to moles to lb.) C. Blending (ppm/concentration/%/acid/base) PTAC Applied Chemistry Outline ESC Approved 11/19/04 Page 5 of 8
6 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1. List and explain the naming systems for organic compounds. 2. Write names and formulas for organic compounds. 3. Describe the difference between saturated, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. 4. Explain the basic properties of listed functional derivatives/groups. 5. Differentiate between addition, condensation, substitution and combustion reactions. 6. Explain potential outcomes of addition, condensation, substitution and combustion reactions. 7. Draw basic organic structures. 8. Draw functional groups. A. Nomenclature & structures Hydrocarbons + Alkane (paraffin) + Cycloalkanes + Alkene (olefins) + Alkyne + Diene + Aromatics + Isomers Hydrocarbon functional groups + Alcohols + Ketones + Organic Acids + Ethers + Esters + Amine + Halides + Aldehydes + Isocyanates PTAC Applied Chemistry Outline ESC Approved 11/19/04 Page 6 of 8
7 B. Reactions Addition reactions + Polymerization reactions + Others Condensation reactions + Polymerization reactions + Others Substitution Combustion NOTE: Use processes from crude oil to multiple final products throughout this section. LAB 1. Use appropriate personal protective equipment. 2. Use safe chemical handling and storage techniques. 3. Explain how teamwork can affect lab and work safety. 4. Use lab measuring devices appropriately. 5. Dispose of chemical waste in an environmentally responsible manner. 6. Follow lab procedures safely and correctly. 7. Report and interpret lab results correctly using experimental data and appropriate supporting information (conversion charts, tables, graphs, etc.). A. General safety and environmental concerns B. Common process technician lab tests ph analysis and titration simple colorimetric analyses crystallization extraction PTAC Applied Chemistry Outline ESC Approved 11/19/04 Page 7 of 8
8 precipitation gas chromatograph density/specific gravity conductivity resistivity others C. Handling chemicals D. Reactivity/Compatibility E. Precision/Accuracy of measuring devices calibration significant figures F. Teamwork NOTE: Weave in safety, environmental, economics, quality, efficiency, etc. throughout this course. PTAC Applied Chemistry Outline ESC Approved 11/19/04 Page 8 of 8
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