Statistical Vertical Turbulence Profiles at the Canary Islands Astronomical Sites

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1 Statistical Vertical Turbulence Profiles at the Canary Islands Astronomical Sites B. García-Lorenzo 1, J.J. Fuensalida 1, J. Castro-Almazán 1, & M.A.C. Rodríguez-Hernández 1 (1) Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Cute-SCIDAR Instrument at Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope (ORM) SH-SCIDAR Instrument at Carlos Sánchez Telescope (OT)

2 Roque de los Muchachos Observatory Teide Observatory ~160 ~160 km km

3 Characterization of the vertical atmospheric structure with statistical significance for MCAO in ELT: To develop instruments with common user facilities, e.g.: Cute-SCIDAR for Paranal (Vázquez-Ramió et al. 2008, SPIE, 7012, 161) Hybrid Shack-Hartmann/G-SCIDAR for Teide observatory (Rodríguez-Hernández et al. 2007, SPIE, 6747, 28) Cute-SCIDAR- for La Palma (Fuensalida et al. 2004, INGN, 8, 1) To develop new software in order to simplify and to speed up the data reduction in real time Dome seeing correction (Fuensalida, García-Lorenzo & Hoegemann 2008, MNRAS, tmp897) Wind profiling with wavelet analysis (García-Lorenzo & Fuensalida 2006, MNRAS, 372, 1483) Wind statistical results with meteorological archives V 0 versus V 200 (García-Lorenzo et al. 2008, this conference) Site ranking based on tropospheric wind statistics (García-Lorenzo et al. 2005, MNRAS, 356, 849) Statistics of V 200 at the Canary Islands (Chueca et al. 2004, MNRAS, 349, 627) Statistics of C N 2 profiles OT since 2002 (e.g. García-Lorenzo, Fuensalida & Rodríguez-Hernández 2007, SPIE, 6747, 11) ORM since 2004 (e.g. Fuensalida et al. 2007, RMxAC, 31, 86)

4 Cute-SCIDAR instrument It is installed at the 1mJKT (ORM) Operated from the 1mJKT control room. Rotation. Translation stage in the optical axis for changing the conjugated plane and for setting purposes. Translation stages XY axis for adjusting the CCD to optical axis. Electronic diaphragm for alignment purposes. Graphical interface that shows a partial autocorrelation in Real Time. All images are saved. It is based on the original Generalized-SCIDAR to be used systematically Sampling rate= 1-3 ms Integration time= 2 s Frame size=256x256 pix with several binning

5 G-SCIDAR+Shack-Hartmann instrument It is installed at the 1.5mTCS (OT) Operated from the 1.5mTCS control room. Rotation and Translation G-SCIDAR + Shack-Hartmann capable of running simultaneously Contron in the two branches All images are saved. Shack-Hartmann Shack-Hartmann sensor: sensor: Andor Andor Camera: Camera: Electron Electron Multiplying Multiplying CCD CCD detector detector based based on on E2V E2V CCD CCD x x pixels, pixels, 24x24 24x24 µm µm pixels pixels siz siz Three Three axis axis translations translations stages. stages. Lenslet Lenslet array: array: mm mm focal focal length length and and μm μm pitch. pitch mm mm collimator collimator lens. lens. Electronic Electronic diaphragm diaphragm for for alignment alignment purposes. purposes.

6 Monitoring of the turbulence structure at ORM and OT ORM (La Palma) The systematic monitoring began in February 2004 Frequency: nights every month Data for >165 nights OT (Tenerife) The systematic monitoring began in Nov 2002 / July 2005 Frequency: ~4-6 nights every month Data for >140 nights

7 Evolution of CN2(h) along a night 2006/05/26 OT 2006/05/26 25 ORM Log (CN2 (m-2/3)) Altitude above sea level (km) Log (CN2 (m-2/3)) Altitude above sea level (km) Universal Time Universal Time 4

8 Statistical coverage of profiles at the ORM Jan04 Feb04 Mar04 Apr04 May04 Jun04 Jul04 Aug04 Sep04 Oct04 Nov04 Dec Jan05 Feb05 Mar05 Apr05 May05 Jun05 Jul05 Aug05 Sep05 Oct05 Nov05 Dec Jan06 Feb06 Mar06 Apr06 May06 Jun06 Jul06 Aug06 Sep06 Oct06 Nov06 Dec Jan07 Feb07 Mar07 Apr07 May07 Jun07 Jul07 Aug07 Sep07 Oct07 Nov07 Dec Jan08 Feb08 Mar08 Apr08 May08 Jun08 Jul08 Aug08 Sep08 Oct08 Nov08 Dec

9 Monthly statistical behaviour of C 2 N (h) at the ORM

10 Statistical coverage of profiles at the OT Jan04 Feb04 Mar04 Apr04 May04 Jun04 Jul04 Aug04 Sep04 Oct04 Nov04 Dec Jan05 Feb05 Mar05 Apr05 May05 Jun05 Jul05 Aug05 Sep05 Oct05 Nov05 Dec Jan06 Feb06 Mar06 Apr06 May06 Jun06 Jul06 Aug06 Sep06 Oct06 Nov06 Dec Jan07 Feb07 Mar07 Apr07 May07 Jun07 Jul07 Aug07 Sep07 Oct07 Nov07 Dec Jan08 Feb08 Mar08 Apr08 May08 Jun08 Jul08 Aug08 Sep08 Oct08 Nov08 Dec Nov02 Jan03 Feb03 Mar03 Apr03 May03 Jun03 Jul03 Aug03 Sep03 Oct03 Nov03 Dec Dec

11 Monthly statistical behaviour of C 2 N (h) at the OT

12 Comparison of the statistical C 2 N (h) at the OT and ORM Roque de los Muchachos Observatory ~160 km Teide Observatory

13 Comparison of the statistical C 2 N (h) at the OT and ORM

14 Definition of parameters for adaptive optics r o = 16.7 (cos λ 2 γ ) 1 2 C N 0 ( h ) dh 3 / 5 Fried s parameter Optimal number of sub-apertures to evaluate the wave-front Coherence time Frequency of evaluation Γ o = C 2 N ( h o C ) V 2 N ( r o ( h h ) ) 5 / dh 3 dh 3 / 5 Isoplanatic angle FoV corrected θ o (cos γ ) 2 5 / 3 = C N ( h ) h dh λ 0 3 / 5

15 Statistical behaviour of isoplanatic angle <AO> OT = / <AO> ORM = /- 0.97

16 Application to an astronomical instrument: EDiFiSE EDiFiSE: Equalized and Diffraction-limited Field Spectrograph Experiment Prototype instrument for the observation of high-contrasted objects AO + fiber-coupled lens array + EIFS García-Lorenzo et al. 2008, SPIE, 7014, in press

17 Statistical Vertical Turbulence Profiles at the Canary Islands Astronomical Sites B. García-Lorenzo 1, J.J. Fuensalida 1, J. Castro-Almazán 1, & M.A.C. Rodríguez-Hernández 1 (1) Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Cute-SCIDAR Instrument at Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope (ORM) SH-SCIDAR Instrument at Carlos Sánchez Telescope (OT)

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