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1
2
3
4
5 α α
6 λ α = = λ λ α ψ = = α α α λ λ ψ α = + β = > θ θ β > β β θ θ θ β θ β
7 γ θ β = γ θ > β > γ θ β γ = θ β = θ β = θ β = β θ = β β θ = = = β β θ
8 = +
9 α α
10 α
11
12
13
14 α α = = λ λ λ λ λ λ λ = λ λ α α α α λ ψ + α = α =
15 = = β θ = θ θ β β
16
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18
it = α + β i + γ 1 t + γ 2 t + γ 3 t +λ 1 ( i ) + λ 2 ( i ) + λ 3 ( i ) +δx i + ϵ it, it i i t t t i λ 1 λ 3 t t t i = α + β i + δx i + ϵ i i i i 12 Harrison Cleveland McKinley Roosevelt 10 8 6
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