Intensive monitoring Brasschaat. F. Vermeiren, J. Neirynck, A. Verstraeten, P. Roskams FutMon Workshop D3 Freising, 2010
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1 Intensive monitoring Brasschaat F. Vermeiren, J. Neirynck, A. Verstraeten, P. Roskams FutMon Workshop D3 Freising, 2010
2 Introduction: IM1 plots in Flanders, Belgium Location Nr- Plot Species Torhout Wijnendalebos Beech Ravels Ravelsbos Cors. pine Brasschaat De Inslag Scots pine Gontrode Aelmoeseneiebos Oak&Beech Hoeilaart Zoniënwoud Beech
3 De Inslag, Brasschaat: N, 4 31 E (image: Google Earth, Tele Atlas 2010) Core plot De Inslag located in Brasschaat Plateau of the northern lower plain (northern Campine) SW: Antwerp, W: petro industry (harbour), E: intensive livestock
4 Anthropogenic stress factors Measurements of gradients and fluxes SO 2 : harbour NH 3 : intensive livestock (Wuustwezel, Brecht, Malle,.) NO X : highway E19, traffic (sub)urban Similar pollution pattern for other nature and forest sites in the region µmol m -3 WNW W NW NNW N NNE NE ENE E WSW SW SE ESE NH3 SO2 NO NO2 SSW S SSE
5 Intensive Monitoring Site De Inslag (0.25 ha) Stand: 81-year-old (1929) first generation plantation of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Located within a 150 ha mixed coniferous/deciduous forest Understory: birch (Betula pendula), European rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), oak (Quercus robur, Q.rubra) and Scots pine Ground vegetation: various grasses, brambles (Rubus sp.), heather (Calluna vulgaris) and diverse types of mosses Elevation: 16 m Tower: 40 m tower (image) Topography: flat (0.3 %) Haplic Podzol (FAO, 1988): sand deposits covering a 0.5 m thick loamy clay layer at ±1.75 m of depth Networks: ICP Forests Level II (1502) & CarboEurope-IP
6 Meteo sensors (J. Neirynck & P. Roskams, 2007) Variable height (m) sensor spec. Relative humidity 2, 24, 40 Vaisala HMP 243, Dewpoint transmitter Temperature 2, 24, 40 Vaisala HMP 244, PT100 Precipitation 40 NINA Precipitation pulse transmitter Siggelkow Gmbh Depth GWT -1 PDCR11830 Pressure Transducer, Campbell Wind direction 40 Potentiometer windvane W200P, Campbell Wind speed 24, 32, 40 LISA Siggelkow (new) Wind speed 40 Anemometer Didcot DWR-205 G (old) Net-radiometer 40 Pyrano/pyrgeometer CNR1 Kipp & Zonen Solar radiation 40 Pyrano CM6B (Kipp & Zonen), dome solarimeter Soil temperature & Soil thermometer, Didcot DPS-404, PT100 Soil heat flux & Heat flux plate Campbell HFT03, CSI, thermocouple Air pressure 1.5 Barometer SETRA, pressure sensor
7 Meteo Tower - Sonic anemometer (flux, gradiënt) - Profiles of wind speed, temperature, vapour pressure - Leaf wetness sensor (new: Decagon) - Global radiation, net radiation Exchange of atmospheric nitrogen above a Scots pine forest Implications for nitrogen cycling
8 RH & T (2, 24, 40 m) Relative humidity and temperature measurements
9 Open field: Bulk collectors and wet only
10 Soil Profile (J. Mikkelsen et al 2008) H1-3, -8-0 cm: O-horizon L/F/H H4, 0-31 cm: Ap1-horizon H5, 31-36/48 cm: Ap2 - horizon remains of a single time deep ploughing H6, 36/48-52/77 cm: E horizon H7, 40/57-56/83 cm: Bg1 H8, cm: Bg2 H9: tongues (remnants of decaying roots -very local) H10, cm (simplified): Bg3 H11, H12, 100- cm: 2Cg/r, sand
11 Determination of SWR curve (N. Cools, FSCC) and other soil parameters Determination of SWC curve following the FutMon SA14 field protocol: Using sand and kaolin/sand suction tables and pressure membrane plates (Eijkelkamp) Volumetric water content at matric potential pf 0.0 (saturation), 1.0, 1.7, 2.0 (field capacity sand), 2.5, 3.0, 3.4, 4.2 (permanent wilting point) Dry bulk density Saturated Hydraulic conductivity Texture: (clay (0-2 ųm), silt (2-63 ųm) and sand ( ųm) by pipette method) Organic carbon content (TOC analyser) Roots (#)
12 EM38 (Cockx, Van Meirvenne & De Vos 2007) Shallow vs deep clay layer Calibration of EM38 in Hoeilaart, beech forest (plot 2102)
13 Soil moisture (Fieldmap, K. Van de Kerckhoven 2009) 2 old locations TDR (since 1997, 2000): biweekly with Tektronix 3 new locations FDR, CS616 (FutMon D3, 2010): 6-hourly with CR1000 logger (Campbell Sci) Logger Appr. 8-10m
14 TDR: handmade probes, 50 cm rods, tektronix 1502B, coax Fig. Experimental setup Level II (Verstraeten et al 2005)
15 FDR since 2010 (recent installation) CR1000 logger SWC: 4 depths, 3 locations ST: 4 depths, 1 location
16 Comparative test: 30 through fall collectors
17 LAI (Pleco, UA) LAI is low (< 2), disperse forest Thinning in 1999 Fish eye (UA and INBO) LAI2000 (INBO) 2.5 LAI Brasschaat LAI98 LAI LAI DOY
18 Thank you!
19 klad mean tree height 21 m mean dbh 0.29 cm tree/stand age 80 year a (valid for 2009) stems/ha 377 trees/ha surface canopy coverage vertical canopy projection 65 % leaf area index min => PAI 1.3 PAI leaf area index max => PAI 1.8 PAI LAI max- begin (average) 155 DOY LAI max- end (average) 217 DOY specific leaf area / m²/(kg DM) stem area index / see LAI2000 litter fall (C, N in leaf, fruits, bark, wood) => kg/m²/a roots max. rooting depth >160 cm vegetation period phenology- begin of veg. period (average) DOY phenology- end of veg. period (average) DOY vegetation surface albedo 0.08
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