Urban Boundary-layer Atmosphere Network
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1 Urban Boundary-layer Atmosphere Network Curtis Wood, Leena Järvi, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Ari Karppinen, Jaakko Kukkonen, Annika Nordbo, Timo Vesala, Achim Drebs, Anne Hirsikko, Sylvain Joffre, Timo Vihma, Irene Suomi, Carl Fortelius, Ewan O Connor, Dmitri Moisseev, Markku Kangas Thanks to co-authors and the help from many support/technical/admin staff (and many research grants including EC, Finnish Academy) 29/08/2012
2 Why observations? Understand processes -> develop parametrizations Live data -> numerical models (e.g. data assimilation) -> climatology Validate models (AQ, CTM, NWP)
3 Why urban? Most of us live in cities (even more work in cities) NWP resolution getting finer (hence motivates physics devlopment )
4 What is the science? NWP -> effect of surface on atmosphere (ABL scale and smaller) AQ -> e.g. want pollutant distributions near ground ABL depth affects concentrations, especially of surfacereleased quantities Hence urban ABL Variation in space and time of wind, temperature, moisture The surface energy budget Sat 4 th Feb 2012, 23:48 (Helsinki)
5 Surface energy budget INPUTS/OUTPUTS HEAT FLUXES Net radiation ground heat + storage = Sensible + Latent (vapour) + Anthropogenic Rn G S H LE A Net radiation: Shortwave & longwave radiation Rn S H LE A G
6 Helsinki UrBAN Aims Develop observation network Research high-latitude urban ABL Provide data for evaluation, assessment & improvement of urban sub-models/parametrizations in NWP/AQ models
7 Map made by Annika Nordbo, from HSY data
8 momentum Sensible heat Latent heat CO2 flux Particle flux Flux stations Eddy-covariance method Tower-based measurement SMEAR-III, Torni (+more) 1 st case-study in this presentation: 4 th September 2011 Mostly clear skies (cumulus)
9 SMEAR III Dec m EC (τ, H, LE, Fc, Fp) Basic meteorology T & U profiles Gases, particles AJ Kieloaho Fire Station Jul2010 Jan m EC (τ, H, LE, Fc, Fp) Hotel Torni Oct m EC (τ, H, LE, Fc, Fp) 9 JFJ Korhonen Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta / Henkilön nimi / Esityksen nimi
10 Sensible heat flux
11 Scintillometer Scintillations (twinkling) due to refraction Related to temperature gradient Structure parameter for T 4.3km path Kumpula-Torni Transmitter Receiver Can be related to sensible heat flux
12 Rosa Gierens
13 Sodar Single vertically-pointing antenna (1D) 5 s sounding interval m range; with 10-m resolution Kumpula, then Pasila Variables: Profile of vertical velocity Atmospheric boundary-layer depth (based on backscatter gradient) ABL depth Turbulence (day)
14 Lidar Scanning, doppler HALO Photonics Streamline Several km range (~30m resolution) Vertical profiles: turbulence, wind, aerosol (e.g. pollution or volcanic ash) Custom scans (any angle) Deep ABL seen by lidar Shallow ABL seen by sodar
15 Intercomparison Case-study 2: 03 January 2012 r = 0.96 rmse = 0.48 m/s bias= 0.23 m/s (SMEAR-III greater than lidar) Finnish Meteorological Institute 29/08/
16 Auxiliary measurements: Data source Science output Doppler radars Soundings (AMDAR, radiosonde) Tall masts (Espoo, Isosaari) Satellite analyses Building and traffic data 2D meso-scale flow field Vertical profiles of T, U, dd, RH Vertical profiles of T, U, dd, RH Surface temperature, gas concentrations Building morphology (relate to fluxes of momentum, heat), also anthropogenic flux Useful for mesoscale effects? -- background data? Finnish Meteorological Institute 29/08/
17 Overview Helsinki UrBAN is among the most comprehensive urban networks Many science results already published, e.g.: Urban carbon dioxode exchange of many annual cycles (about average for worldwide cities) Initial anthropogenic heat flux estimate (e.g. 13 W/m2 around SMEAR-III) Much more unstable downtown (anthrop heat flux, plus storage release)
18 SWOT analysis for the observation network Strengths: Growing observational network Some collaboration with corresponding UK studies Helsinki TestBed Unique site (strong seasonality, highlatitude) Weaknesses: Moderate current funding No street canyon work Opportunities: Write proposals Bring together many people/skills (e.g. workshops) Connect with companies and customers (e.g. Vaisala, HSY) Threats: Skills too varied? Not many people s priority No current external future funding?
19 New/planned activities: Finnish Meteorological Institute Data source 2x EC stations 3 rd scintillometer (short-path) Scintec SLS20-A Future collaborations Science output? Compensate for tower flow distortion missing sectors? Suburban? Street canyon? Inner scale of turbulence? apply for money to invite experts/students
20 Pääkaupunkiseudunortoilmakuva 2011: Espoon, Helsingin, Kauniaisten, Vantaan,Kirkkonummen ja Keravan kaupungit sekä HSY Urban Boundary-layer Atmosphere Network Curtis Wood, Leena Järvi, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Ari Karppinen, Jaakko Kukkonen, Annika Nordbo, Timo Vesala, Achim Drebs, Anne Hirsikko, Sylvain Joffre, Timo Vihma, Irene Suomi, Carl Fortelius, Ewan O Connor, Dmitri Moisseev, Markku Kangas Thanks to co-authors and the help from many support/technical/admin staff (and many research grants including EC, Finnish Academy) Any ideas for best use of our network? 29/08/2012
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