Using accessibility instruments in planning practice

Transcription

1 Using accessibility instruments in planning practice Experiences in the Netherlands Ron Bos, MSc Consultant Strategic Mobility Issues

2 2 A short introduction Ron Bos Consultant Strategic Mobility Issues Goudappel Coffeng (since 2005) Land Use Planning Wageningen University, Netherlands Working on: Strategic Planning Sustainable Urban Mobility Accessibility based Planning

3 3 A short introduction About 250 employes Locations in Deventer, Amsterdam, The Hague, Eindhoven and Leeuwarden Marketleader in the Netherlands (80% marktshare), sold in 11 countries.

4 4 1 A different approach

5 Accessibility VS Proximity 5

6 6 Accessibility VS Proximity Travel time to cities over inh

7 Paradigm shift: water 7

8 Paradigm shift: mobility 8

9 years of Dutch Spatial Planning

10 10 The essential question for urban planners: Is there a problem of mobility? or: Is there a problem of accesibility?

11 11 A broader view on accessibility High accessibility INFRASTRUCTRE New connections Developments Congestion Population decline Low accessibility SPATIAL PLANNING

12 12 What policy goals? Integral planning 1 What city you want? (quality of life / welfare) 2 Accessible places (economic hotspots) 3 Coherent infrastructures (network design) Traffic management 4 Liveable streets (safe, healthy and accessible)

13 13 2 The use of instruments within policy making

14 14 What policy goals? Political Issues What is the future position of my city? Does traffic jam effect my economic position? How can I ensure accessibility in my city? Economical issues Is my economic basis sustainable? Are there enough customers? Are there enough qualified employees? Popular issues Is my neighbourhood accessible in the future? Are there enough jobs for me in the future? Can I sustain my lifestyle in the future?

15 15 What policy goals? Where is it a problem? System efficiëncy Causes of bottle necks Intencity/capacity What is my spatial potential? Economic potential Consequenses of bottle necks Travel time

16 Trends T r a n s p o r t p l a n n I n g 16 Trends Goals Strategies Program Projects Goals?????? (S)CBA TR MOD Strategies Program What policy phase? Projects Planning agencies L a n d - u s e p l a n n I n g

17 17 What policy phase? Design phase Re-active: end of process Infrastructural support for spatial developments Detailed output for design Exploration phase Pro-active: Start of process Socio-economic view on spatial developments Evaluating scenario s

18 18 3 Accessibility mapping in practice

19 Article: What if growth is no longer obvious? 19

20 20 Article: What if growth is no longer obvious? + Infrastructural accessibility Labor potential Different strategies needed! Access to labor = (# Potential workers x Travel time) 2030 compared to 2010

21 21 4 Cases in the Netherlands

22 22 2 Cases Regional planning: Urban Accessibility Gelderland (2012) City planning: Development plan for the city of Almere (2008)

23 23 2 Cases Regional planning: Urban Accessibility Gelderland (2012) City planning: Development plan for the city of Almere (2008)

24 24 Urban accessibility Gelderland Assignment: a different perspective on urban accessibility by using accessibility mapping Approach: Intregral: socio-demographic, economic, infrastructural, spatial Cases: Desk study + Workshops in 3 municipalities with a broad representative of policy makers

25 Urban accessibility Gelderland 25

26 Urban accessibility Gelderland 26

27 Urban accessibility Gelderland 27

28 28 Urban accessibility Gelderland Ede: Apeldoorn: - Low regional car+ PT potential - Mono-accessible city - High car + PT potential - Multi-accessible city Best bereikbare plekken per modaliteit Nijmegen: - Different accessibility enviroments - Multi-accessible city

29 29 Urban accessibility Gelderland Ede Arnhem Nijmegen Apeldoorn % 13% 27% 21% 13% 22% 17% 23% 58% 66% 65% 60%

30 Urban accessibility Gelderland 30

31 31 Urban accessibility Gelderland Ede: - High economic labor potential - access to labor = chance - strategy: use network position Apeldoorn: - Overall population shrinkage - access to labor = problem - strategy: improve network position Nijmegen: - Population shrinkage in some areas - access to labor = problem in south - strategy: connect north with south

32 32 Urban accessibility Gelderland 2. For whom? A. Bereikbaarheid B. Betrouwbaarheid C. Comfort / Kwaliteit D. Duurzaamheid 1. What is the problem? A. Beroepsbevolking B. Bewoners C. Bezoekers D. Scholieren 4. On what scale? A. Auto B. Fiets C. Bus D. Trein 3. What mode of transport? A. Wijk B. Stad C. Regio (S3H) D. Landsdeel

33 33 Urban accessibility Gelderland Deelnemer Criterium Doelgroep Modaliteit Schaal A. Wijk B. Stad C. Regio D. Nationaal A. Auto B. Fiets C. Bus D. Trein A. Auto B. Fiets C. Bus D. Trein A. Beroepsbevolking B. Bewoners C. Bezoekers D. Vracht A. Bereikbaarheid B. Betrouwbaarheid C. Comfort / Kwaliteit D. Duurzaamheid A. Wijk B. Stad A. Bereikbaarheid B. Betrouwbaarheid C. Comfort / Kwaliteit D. Duurzaamheid C. Regio D. Nationaal A. Auto B. Fiets C. Bus D. Trein A. Beroepsbevolking B. Bewoners C. Bezoekers D. Vracht A. Wijk B. Stad C. Regio D. Nationaal A. Auto B. Fiets C. Bus D. Trein A. Beroepsbevolking B. Bewoners C. Bezoekers D. Vracht A. Bereikbaarheid B. Betrouwbaarheid C. Comfort / Kwaliteit D. Duurzaamheid

34 34 2 Cases Regional planning: Urban Accessibility Gelderland (2012) City planning: Development plan for the city of Almere (2008)

35 35 Development plan for the city of Almere Assignment: Evaluate urban development scenario s using a different perspective on urban accessibility Approach: Translation of spatial accessibility into criteria useful to users (people, planet, profit) Cases: Desk study + Workshops with a broad representative of policy makers

36 1 Workshop 36

37 37 2 Scenario s hub and spoke ladder

38 38 2 Scenario s hub and spoke ladder

39 39 3 Modelling hub and spoke ladder

40 40 4 Visualising With IJmeer rail Without IJmeer rail

41 41 5 Conclusions

42 42 Added value of accessibility mapping Multi-sectoral approach Area based analysis User-based Targetgroups

43 43 Added value of accessibility mapping Accessibilitymapscreateacommonlanguagebetweenurbanplanners and traffic management Traffic and transport is therefore not only following but also guiding in planning processes Working with accessibility maps leads to a more integrated and simultaneous consideration of ideas The accessibility maps sometimes lead to new insights, but more often to the confirmation of intuitions that they already had Accessibilitymapscanbeusedin a broaderspectrum of policyissues, suchas demographic and economic issues Accessibilitymapsrelateto broadersocietalgoals whichare consistent withthe perception and behavior of households and firms

44 44 Added value of accessibility mapping Accessibilitymapscreateacommonlanguagebetweenurbanplanners and traffic management Traffic and transport is therefore not only following but also guiding in planning processes Working with accessibility maps leads to a more integrated and simultaneous consideration of ideas The accessibility maps sometimes lead to new insights, but more often to the confirmation of intuitions that they already had Accessibilitymapscanbeusedin a broaderspectrum of policyissues, suchas demographic and economic issues Accessibilitymapsrelateto broadersocietalgoals whichare consistent withthe perception and behavior of households and firms

45 45 Added value of accessibility mapping Accessibilitymapscreateacommonlanguagebetweenurbanplanners and traffic management Traffic and transport is therefore not only following but also guiding in planning processes Working with accessibility maps leads to a more integrated and simultaneous consideration of ideas The accessibility maps sometimes lead to new insights, but more often to the confirmation of intuitions that they already had Accessibilitymapscanbeusedin a broaderspectrum of policyissues, suchas demographic and economic issues Accessibilitymapsrelateto broadersocietalgoals whichare consistent withthe perception and behavior of households and firms

46 46 Added value of accessibility mapping Accessibilitymapscreateacommonlanguagebetweenurbanplanners and traffic management Traffic and transport is therefore not only following but also guiding in planning processes Working with accessibility maps leads to a more integrated and simultaneous consideration of ideas The accessibility maps sometimes lead to new insights, but more often to the confirmation of intuitions that they already had Accessibilitymapscanbeusedin a broaderspectrum of policyissues, suchas demographic and economic issues Accessibilitymapsrelateto broadersocietalgoals whichare consistent withthe perception and behavior of households and firms

47 47 Added value of accessibility mapping Accessibilitymapscreateacommonlanguagebetweenurbanplanners and traffic management Traffic and transport is therefore not only following but also guiding in planning processes Working with accessibility maps leads to a more integrated and simultaneous consideration of ideas The accessibility maps sometimes lead to new insights, but more often to the confirmation of intuitions that they already had Accessibilitymapscanbeusedin a broaderspectrumof policyissues, suchas demographic and economic issues Accessibilitymapsrelateto broadersocietalgoals whichare consistent withthe perception and behavior of households and firms

48 48 Added value of accessibility mapping Accessibilitymapscreateacommonlanguagebetweenurbanplanners and traffic management Traffic and transport is therefore not only following but also guiding in planning processes Working with accessibility maps leads to a more integrated and simultaneous consideration of ideas The accessibility maps sometimes lead to new insights, but more often to the confirmation of intuitions that they already had Accessibilitymapscanbeusedin a broaderspectrumof policyissues, suchas demographic and economic issues Accessibilitymapsrelateto broadersocietalgoalswhichare consistent withthe perception and behavior of households and firms

49 49

50 50 Visiters potential

51 51

52 52 Thank you