High performance thermal insulation materials

Transcription

1 thermal insulation materials Reducing energy use in buildings Civil and Environmental Engineering Building Technology

2 Different materials Thermal conductivity (mw/mk)

3 Aerogel

4 Aerogel Monolithic Granules

5 Mainly used in composites Polymer blanket Lime mortar

6 District heating pipes Reduced losses 15-20% No change after 1 year

7 Vacuum insulation panels Fumed silica: 20 mw/(m K) VIP: 4 mw/(m K) 7-8 mw/(m K) after 25 years

8 From cryogenics to buildings 1930 first patent (Germany) 1963 more specified patent (USA) 1990 s replaces CFCs 1998 facade in Germany Refrigerators, vending machines Refrigerated transports Source: va-q-tec Buildings Source: Panasonic Source: ZAE Bayern

9 Research question Energy use should be reduced by 50% in 2050 Listed buildings limits the possible solutions Novel materials could reduce the energy use while preserving the features of the building

10 The Swedish building stock % of building stock U-value of exterior wall Year of construction Boverket. (2010). Energi i bebyggelsen - tekniska egenskaper och beräkningar - resultat från projektet BETSI. Karlskrona, Sweden: Boverket. Year of construction

11 Laboratory study Chalmers Energy Conference 2013 Interior insulation Homogenous brick wall, 250 mm thick, 3x3 m Four wooden beam ends Sun and rain Simulations Interior plaster/ adjustment layer Wooden floor beams 100x225 mm (4x9 in.) Homogenous brick wall 380 mm (15 in.) VIP e.g. 20 mm (0.8 in.) 200 mm (8 in.)

12 Case study building Landshövdingehus from 1930, retrofitted in late 1970s Reference Test wall 110 m 2

13 U-värde [W/m 2 K] 1 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 Chalmers Energy Conference 2013 U-value dependent on VIP thickness d VIP [mm]

14 The Swedish building stock % of building stock U-value of exterior wall Case study Punctured VIP Thermal bridges With VIP Year of construction Boverket. (2010). Energi i bebyggelsen - tekniska egenskaper och beräkningar - resultat från projektet BETSI. Karlskrona, Sweden: Boverket. Year of construction

15 Case study building Mineral wool VIP

16 Flat roofs and terraces Mineral wool 100 mm Same level Willems, W. and Schild, K. (2005). Vacuum Insulated Constructions in Detail. Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, June 13-15, 2005, Reykjavík, Iceland. pp

17 Finally Super insulation + Limited space Terraces Bay windows Window niche + Listed buildings + High land price + Prefabricated elements Higher costs Durability Service life

18 Finally Super insulation + Limited space Terraces Bay windows Window niche + Listed buildings + High land price + Prefabricated elements Higher costs Durability Service life

19

20 Thanks!