Inventory of PFOS and PFOS-related substances in fire-fighting foams in Norway

Transcription

1 Inventory of PFOS and PFOS-related substances in fire-fighting foams in Norway TA Prepared by COWI A/S Norway

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3 Inventory of PFOS and PFOS-related substances in fire-fighting foams in Norway

4 Foreword Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is the collective term for a group of chemicals that have attracted more and more attention in recent years as their health and environmental impacts have become better known. As a group, they are generally very stable compounds with a unique combination of physico-chemical properties. They are neither fat- nor water-soluble. At present, we know very little about the health and environmental effects of these substances, with the exception of perfluorooctyl sulphonate (PFOS) and PFOS-related substances. The term PFOS-related substances is used to mean all substances containing one or more PFOS groups (defined as C 8 F 17 SO 2 ) and that can degrade to PFOS in the environment. In studies of mammals, PFOS has been found to show chronic toxicity and reproductive toxicity. Studies have also shown that it is toxic to aquatic organisms. We lack adequate data on the effects of PFOS-related substances, but since they can degrade to PFOS, it is presumed that they have similar properties. According to a white paper on the Government s environmental policy and the state of the environment in Norway (Report to the Storting No. 21 ( )), one of Norway s national targets is to eliminate or substantially reduce emissions of certain of the most environmentally hazardous substances. These include certain PFOS-related substances. In spring 2005, the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority 1 drew up an action plan to reduce the use of PFAS. There is no production of PFAS in Norway. All PFAS compounds on the market are imported, either as industrial chemicals or as constituents of articles. By far the largest area of use for PFOS-related substances in Norway is in fire-fighting foams in the offshore industry and onshore, for example in refineries, the defence sector, the aviation sector and fire training. One of the measures set out in the action plan is to draw up an inventory of PFOS-related substances in fire-fighting foams and emissions from this source in the course of As part of this work, the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority contacted relevant users, requiring them to provide information on any stockpiles of PFOSbased fire-fighting foams and historical releases. The COWI Group was commissioned to compile the responses and process the data. This work was carried out in July October The results of the inventory will be used in further evaluation of the need to prohibit or restrict the use of PFOS-based fire-fighting foams in order to achieve the target of eliminating or substantially reducing emissions of certain PFOS-related substances by Norwegian Pollution Control Authority, Oslo, December 2005 Ingrid Bjotveit Director, Department of Climate and Industry 2 1 Translator's note: Wherever Norwegian Pollution Control Authority is used in the report, it refers to the Climate and Pollution Agency in Norway. The Norwegian Pollution Control Authority was renamed the Climate and Pollution Agency on 18 January Translator's note: The Climate and Pollution Agency has been reorganised. The current organisational chart can be found at 1

5 Contents 1 Introduction Background Aim of the inventory PFOS-related substances in fire-fighting foams Areas of use Results Responses received Quantities reported Assessment of the results Fixed offshore installations Mobile rigs Ships and ferries Refineries and onshore gas terminals Petrochemical and other relevant industry Tank farms Airports The Norwegian Armed Forces Fire-fighting training sites Municipal and intermunicipal fire and rescue services Summary of information obtained on stockpiles Possibility of replacing stockpiles of PFOS-based foams PFOS-related substances in products for other areas of use References Appendices: 1 List of recipients of the questionnaire 2 Questionnaire 3 List of respondents that reported stockpiles of PFOS-based foam

6 Summary This report presents the results of an inventory of remaining stockpiles and historical emissions of PFOS-based fire-fighting foams in Norway in The inventory included offshore installations, tankers and passenger ferries and relevant onshore enterprises and other users. Since this report was published, the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority has been renamed the Climate and Pollution Agency. The Norwegian Pollution Control Authority contacted relevant users and required them to provide information about their remaining stockpiles of foam and their historical emissions. The information received was used to assess Norway s total stockpiles of PFOS-based foam, historical emissions, and the content of PFOS-related substances in stockpiled foam. Total stockpiles of PFOS-based foam in Norway are estimated at approximately 1.4 million litres. The largest quantities are held on offshore installations and at refineries and onshore gas terminals. The Norwegian Armed Forces also have relatively large stockpiles of PFOSbased foam. The total quantity of PFOS-related substances in all foam stockpiles is estimated at approximately 22 tonnes. The estimates of historical emissions are more uncertain. Those for offshore platforms and mobile rigs are most reliable. Historical emissions could not be estimated for airports, firefighting training sites, fire and rescue brigades or the Norwegian Armed Forces. The table below shows estimated quantities of PFOS in foam stockpiles and estimated historical emissions. If no estimates could be made, this is indicated by n.e. (no estimate). User category Quantities of PFOS-related substances in foam stockpiles, kg Historical emissions of PFOS-related substances, kg Offshore installations Mobile rigs Ships and ferries Refineries and onshore gas terminals Petrochemical and other relevant industry < 200 Tank farms 600 < 200 Airports < 50 n.e. Armed forces n.e Fire-fighting training sites < 50 n.e. Fire and rescue brigades < 50 n.e. Total Min Estimated quantities of PFOS-related substances in foam and historical emissions. If no quantitative estimate could be made, this is indicated by n.e. (no estimate) 3

7 1 Introduction 1.1 Background In 2004, the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority surveyed the use of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in products in Norway /1/. This showed that the largest area of use was firefighting foam (AFFF foam). On the basis of this survey and other national and international surveys and investigations, the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority drew up an action plan in 2005 with the aim of reducing the use of PFAS. One of the measures listed in the action plan was to draw up an inventory of PFOS-related substances in fire-fighting foams and of emissions from this source. This was to be carried out in 2005 and cover the offshore petroleum industry and onshore industries. In connection with implementation of the action plan, the Pollution Control Authority has contacted relevant users and required them to provide information on any stockpiles of PFOSbased fire-fighting foams, historical releases, etc. The COWI Group was commissioned to compile the responses and process the data. This work was carried out in July October Aim of the inventory The aim of the inventory was to obtain an overview of stockpiles of PFOS-based foam still held by Norwegian onshore industries, ships and offshore installations. This information is needed to assess the consequences of introducing a prohibition against continued use of such fire-fighting foams. Another aim was to obtain information on historical releases of PFOS-related substances. 4

8 2 PFOS-related substances in fire-fighting foams 2.1 Areas of use PFOS-related substances were previously used in aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), which have two main areas of use: to fight fires involving flammable liquids that are not water-soluble, such as oil, petrol and other hydrocarbons; to fight fires involving flammable water-soluble liquids such as alcohols and acetone. AFFF is used in facilities and installations where large quantities of flammable liquids are used or stored, including offshore installations, refineries, tank farms, airports and certain industrial plants. Before 2003, 3M was a major supplier of AFFF concentrate. The company has now phased out its production of PFOS-related substances, and these have been replaced by other substances, largely telomers, in AFFF concentrate. It can be assumed that AFFF supplied after 1 January 2003 does not contain PFOS-related substances. However, it is reasonable to assume that stocks of fire-fighting foams supplied before 2003 are still being held at many facilities and installations. Fire-fighting foams have a relatively long lifetime and are not necessarily replaced on quality and safety grounds. The rate of consumption and the degree to which stocks are renewed will depend among other things on how frequently exercises are held and how often there are incidents that require the use of AFFF. 2.2 Organisation of the inventory The Norwegian Pollution Control Authority has contacted relevant users, requiring them to provide information on their stockpiles and use of PFOS-based fire-fighting foams. The following user categories were contacted: operators of fixed offshore oil and gas installations on the Norwegian continental shelf: contacted on 17 March 2005, time limit for responses 1 June 2005; refineries and onshore gas terminals, tank farms, airports, the Norwegian Armed Forces, relevant industrial enterprises, fire-fighting training sites, tanker companies and a selection of passenger ferries: contacted on 28 June 2005, time limit for responses 15 September 2005; a selection of municipal fire services: contacted on 8 July 2005, time limit for responses 15 September Appendix 1 lists the users that were contacted and required to provide information. They were asked to fill out a form detailing information on their stockpiles, use and releases of PFOSbased fire-fighting foams. They were also asked to assess the possibility of replacing stockpiles of foam concentrate dating from before 2003 and to provide information on any PFOS-related substances in products for other areas of use. The form is reproduced in Appendix 2. The Pollution Control Authority held two meetings for user groups involved in the inventory, one for offshore operators and one for shipping firms and onshore users. At these meetings, 5

9 information on the inventory was provided, and there was an opportunity for users to put forward their views and ask questions. The COWI Group has compiled the responses and calculated and assessed overall stockpiles and historical emissions. 6

10 3 Results 3.1 Responses received Table 1 shows the number of users contacted and the responses received in each category. There was no system of reminders to increase the response rate. User category No. contacted No. of responses Response % Operators of offshore installations Mobile rigs Refineries and onshore gas terminals Petrochemical and other relevant industry Tank farm operators Airports Norwegian Armed Forces Fire-fighting training sites Tanker companies Passenger ferry companies Fire and rescue brigades Table 1: Number of requests for information and responses received in different user categories 1 All airports owned by Avinor are treated together. Responses were received from all the 12 offshore operators that were contacted. These were generally thorough and of good quality. They were based mainly on data on existing tank volumes and degree of filling and information on purchases and/or on the frequency of fire drills and consumption during training exercises. One of the operators carried out analyses of fire-fighting foams at all its installations and estimated the remaining quantities of PFOSrelated substances on the basis of the results. In all, 10 operators of mobile rigs received requests for information, and eight of them responded. The quality of the responses was generally high. Information on certain mobile rigs was provided together with responses for the fixed offshore installations. A total of 42 shipowners, including five passenger ferry companies, were contacted. Three of the passenger ferry companies and 13 of the tanker companies responded. Their responses were of variable quality, particularly as regards information on the types of fire-fighting foam used before A total of 15 onshore enterprises (petroleum installations and petrochemical and other relevant industry) were contacted, and 14 provided responses. Their quality is somewhat variable, but generally good. 7

11 Five companies that operate tank farms for oil and other petroleum products were contacted, and three of them responded. One of the responses was very incomplete, but the quality of the other two was high. Twelve individual airports were contacted, and in addition Avinor was asked to provide information on all the airports it operates. Responses were received from Avinor and nine of the other airports. Two of the responses are incomplete. Requests for information were sent to operators of 22 fire-fighting training sites and 23 municipal or intermunicipal fire and rescue services. Responses were received from seven of the former and 16 of the latter. They were of variable quality, particularly as regards information on the types of fire-fighting foam used before The responses received were considered to be sufficient in number and quality to satisfy the purpose of the inventory. The user categories with low response rates were also those that have used very little PFOS-based fire-fighting foam and have little in the way of stockpiles. In consultation with the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority, it was therefore decided not to send reminders, since little more information would have been obtained by doing so. 3.2 Quantities reported Table 2 shows the results of the inventory (stockpiles of PFOS-based foam (litres), content of PFOS-related substances in the foam (in kg) and historical emissions of PFOS-related substances (in kg)). Quantities are given for each user category, as well as the total for all users that provided responses. For some user categories, there is so little information on historical emissions that it is not possible to calculate or estimate a total, and this is indicated by n.e. (no estimate) in the table. This means that it has not been possible to estimate or calculate the total quantity of PFOS-related substances in historical emissions. Total historical emissions from the enterprises that have reported quantifiable emissions come to kg. User category Stockpiles of PFOSbased foam, litres Quantity PFOSrelated substances in stockpiles, kg Historical emissions of PFOS-related substances, kg Offshore installations Mobile rigs Ships and ferries Refineries and onshore gas terminals Petrochemical and other relevant industry < 100 Tank farms Airports n.e. Armed forces n.e. Fire-fighting training sites 0 0 n.e. 8

12 Fire and rescue brigades n.e. Total min Table 2: Information received on stockpiles and historical emissions from PFOS-based fire-fighting foams. n.e. = no estimate (not quantifiable because information was incomplete) To estimate the quantity of PFOS and related substances in fire-fighting foam, conversion factors of kg/l and kg/l have been used for 3 % and 1 % AFFF concentrate respectively. According to a Dutch report from 2002 /2/, monomeric perfluorinated salts were used in fire-fighting foams, mainly the potassium salt of PFOS. One of the offshore operating companies has analysed potassium levels in old and new foam at its installations. The conversion factors for 3 % and 1 % AFFF were calculated on the basis of the potassium content and the ratio between the atomic weight of potassium and the molecular weight of the potassium salt of PFOS. Appendix 3 lists all users that have reported stockpiles of PFOS-based foam, the volume of foam held and the quoted or estimated quantity of PFOS-related substances in the foam. No users have reported any use of other PFOS-containing products than fire-fighting foam. 3.3 Assessment of the results Fixed offshore installations Fixed offshore installations use large quantities of AFFF, and also have substantial stockpiles of PFOS-based foam. Before 2003, they mainly used 3M Light Water AFFF 1 % and 3 %, which was replaced by Arctic Foam when 3M phased out its PFOS-based products. A few installations have used products from Angus Fire both before and after These products have never contained PFOS-related substances. The information on stockpiles held on fixed offshore installations is based on registration of volumes in tanks, purchase lists and analyses, and is considered to be reliable. The information on historical emissions is more uncertain, but the total quantity is considered to be of the right order of magnitude. Annual consumption varies widely from one installation to another, with figures ranging from 20 litres to more than litres. This is partly related to the frequency of training exercises and how they are organised. The equipment on some installations is tested without using foam, and therefore without releasing any foam. This also contributes to the wide variation in remaining stockpiles of PFOS-based foam Mobile rigs The quantities of fire-fighting foam on board mobile rigs are considerably smaller than on fixed installations, of the order of 2000 litres per rig. Most of the foam is stored near helicopter landing areas, but there may be smaller quantities elsewhere. Most rigs have some remaining PFOS-based foam on board, but the quantities vary. All the foam on some rigs has been replaced in the last few years because of deteriorating quality. The information on stockpiles on mobile rigs is considered to be reliable. However, two of the companies did not answer the request for information. The total stockpiles are therefore assessed as somewhat higher than those reported in connection with the inventory. 9

13 3.3.3 Ships and ferries Only one of the tanker companies that responded has reported stockpiles of PFOS-based foam on its ships. These stockpiles contain about 10 kg PFOS-related substances. Most of the companies use foam suppliers that have never supplied PFOS-based foams. It is therefore unlikely that there have ever been any substantial historical emissions from shipping. Although the response rate from this group of enterprises was low (35 %), there is no reason to believe that there has been large-scale use of PFOS-based foam on board ships. Annual consumption of foam concentrate by the respondents is in the range 0 20 litres. Two of the three ferry companies that responded do have stockpiles of PFOS-based foam on their ferries. The quantities involved are relatively small. Two of the companies did not respond. Total stockpiles are therefore assessed as somewhat higher than those reported. Annual consumption of fire-fighting foam is low (10 20 litres per vessel) and it is therefore unlikely that there have been any substantial historical emissions Refineries and onshore gas terminals Refineries and onshore gas terminals have large stockpiles of fire-fighting foam, but the proportion that contains PFOS-related substances varies widely from one installation to another. Three of the installations still have large quantities of PFOS-based foam. Responses were received for all the installations, and the information is considered to be reliable. Little information is available on historical emissions of PFOS-related substances. Emissions were calculated on the basis of information on annual consumption of foam and the number of years of operation. The level of uncertainty in these calculations is relatively high Petrochemical and other relevant industry Only two enterprises reported substantial stockpiles of PFOS-based foam. Two have very limited stockpiles, and the rest have no PFOS-based foam. One enterprise did not respond, but otherwise the information received is considered to be reliable. Little information is available on historical emissions of PFOS-related substances. Most respondents reported low consumption of fire-fighting foam, and very few training exercises involving the use of PFOS-based foam. It is therefore assumed that historical emissions have been limited Tank farms Three of the companies that responded reported that they have stockpiles of PFOS-based foam in their fire-fighting systems. The quantities varied from 50 litres to more than litres at different tank farms. The information received is considered to be reliable. However, responses were only received from three of the five companies that were contacted, and total stockpiles of PFOS-based foam are therefore assessed as somewhat higher than those reported. Little information is available on historical emissions of PFOS-related substances. The frequency of training exercises and annual consumption of fire-fighting foam vary from one tank farm to another, but are generally low. It is therefore assumed that historical emissions have been limited Airports One of the airport operators that responded has reported that it still has stockpiles of PFOSbased foam. The rest have none. Airports do not have stationary fire-fighting systems 10

14 containing AFFF. AFFF is used only in fire engines, which carry very limited amounts of foam. Airports hold frequent training exercises, and foam stocks are therefore replaced rapidly. Even though some airports did not respond, the information received is considered to be reliable. Very little information is available on historical emissions of PFOS-related substances. It is likely that PFOS-based foam has previously been used at many of the airports, but it is not possible to make a quantitative estimate of emissions The Norwegian Armed Forces The Norwegian Armed Forces have carried out a regional survey of defence installations. There are wide variations between regions, which may be related to differences in the types of defence installations in different parts of the country. The Armed Forces indicated that the figures they have provided are uncertain. Very little information is available on historical emissions of PFOS-related substances, and it is not possible to make a quantitative estimate of emissions Fire-fighting training sites None of the respondents use PFOS-based foams today. The response rate for this category was very low (32 %), but the respondents are considered to be representative of this group as a whole. It was therefore decided not to send reminders in an attempt to increase the response rate. Remaining quantities of PFOS-based foams at fire-fighting training sites are assessed as very small. Very little information is available on historical emissions of PFOS-related substances. It is likely that PFOS-based foam has previously been used at a number of fire-fighting training sites, but it is not possible to make a quantitative estimate of emissions Municipal and intermunicipal fire and rescue services Most fire and rescue services reported that they had no stockpiles of PFOS-based foams, while a few had small quantities. The inventory did not include all Norway s fire and rescue services, but the information received is believed to be representative of this category as a whole. The largest and most relevant users were selected, and it is unlikely that other users have larger stockpiles. The total remaining stockpiles of PFOS-based foams held this sector are therefore assessed as small. Very little information is available on historical emissions of PFOS-related substances. It is likely that PFOS-based foam has previously been more widely used, but it is not possible to make a quantitative estimate of emissions. 3.4 Summary of information obtained on stockpiles Table 3 lists estimated total quantities of PFOS-related substances in stockpiles of firefighting foams and estimated historical emissions. The estimates are based on the results of the inventory, and also take into account the possibility that stockpiles in certain branches may have been underreported because the response rate was low. Norway s total stockpiles of PFOS-based foam are estimated at 1.4 million litres. The largest quantities are to be found on offshore installations and at refineries and onshore gas terminals. The Norwegian Armed Forces also have considerable remaining stocks of PFOS-based foam. 11

15 It is estimated that the total content of PFOS-related substances in foam stockpiles in all branches is approximately 22 tonnes. The estimates of historical emissions are more uncertain. The figures for fixed offshore installations and mobile rigs are considered to be most reliable. Total historical emissions from the branches that have provided the most reliable information are estimated at kg, expressed as PFOS-related substances. For airports, fire-fighting training sites, fire and rescue brigades and the armed forces, the information reported does not provide a basis for estimating historical emissions. This is indicated by n.e. (no estimate) in Table 3. Annual consumption figures for these user categories are relatively low, generally under 100 kg foam concentrate. It is likely that historical emissions from these user categories were considerably lower than those from offshore installations and refineries and onshore gas terminals. User category Quantity PFOS-related substances in foam stockpiles, kg Historical emissions of PFOS-related substances, kg Offshore installations Mobile rigs Ships and ferries Refineries and onshore gas terminals Petrochemical and other relevant industry < 200 Tank farms 600 < 200 Airports < 50 n.e. Armed forces n.e. Fire-fighting training sites < 50 n.e. Fire and rescue brigades < 50 n.e. Total ca min Table 3: Estimated total quantities of PFOS-related substances in stockpiles of firefighting foam and historical emissions n.e. = no estimate (not quantifiable because too little information is available) 3.5 Possibility of replacing stockpiles of PFOS-based foams Most enterprises that still have stockpiles of PFOS-based foam responded to the question of whether these could be replaced. They all considered this to be technically possible. The enterprises that have the largest remaining stockpiles pointed out that complete replacement of PFOS-based foam will take time and require considerable financial resources. 12

16 This applies particularly to some offshore installations and refineries and onshore gas terminals. One oil company estimated that complete replacement of PFOS-based foam would cost NOK 20 million. 3.6 PFOS-related substances in products for other areas of use None of the respondents has stated that they use any PFOS-based products other than firefighting foam. 13

17 References /1/ Huse, A.: Bruken av PerFluorAlkylStoffer (PFAS) i produkter i Norge. Materialstrømsanalyse. SFT-rapport TA-2031/2004. /2/ Hekster F.M. and P. de Vogt: Perfluoroalkylated substances. Aquatic environmental assessment. Report RIKZ/ , 1 July Appendices /1/ List of recipients of the questionnaire /2/ Questionnaire /3/ List of respondents that reported stockpiles of PFOS-based foam Appendix 1: List of recipients of the questionnaire Refineries and onshore gas terminals: Esso Norge AS, Slagentangen, Postboks 2001 Postterminalen, 3103 Tønsberg Gassco AS, Postboks 93, 5501 Haugesund (Kårstø og Kollsnes) Gasnor, Strandgaten 59, 5004 Bergen Norsk Hydro Produksjon, Postboks 7190, 5020 Bergen (Hydro Stureterminalen) Statoil Mongstad, 5954 Mongstad Petrochemical and other relevant industry: Borealis AS, 3960 Stathelle Borregaard Industrier, Postboks 162, 1701 Sarpsborg Denofa AS, Øraveien 2, 1630 Gamle Fredrikstad Hydro Polymers, Rafnes, 3966 Stathelle Hydro Porsgrunn Industripark, Postboks 2525, 3901 Porsgrunn Jotun AS, Postboks 2021, 3248 Sandefjord Noretyl AS, Rafnes, 3966 Stathelle Star Maling og Lakkfabrikk AS, Husebysletta 9, 3400 Lier Statoil Tjeldbergodden Metanolfabrikk, Tjeldbergodden, 6699 Kjørsvikbugen Weifa AS, Postboks 98, 3791 Kragerø Tank farms: AS Norske Shell, Postboks 1154 Sentrum, 0107 Oslo Bunker Oil AS, Kaptein Lingesvei 65, 6006 Ålesund Esso Norge, Essoveien 100, Postboks 2001, 3103 Tønsberg Hydro Texaco AS, Postboks 202 Skøyen, 0212 Oslo Statoil Norge AS, Postboks 7200, 5020 Bergen Airports: Andøya flystasjon, Postmottak, 2617 Lillehammer Avinor, Postboks 150, 2061 Gardermoen Bardufoss flystasjon, Postmottak, 2617 Lillehammer Bodø hovedflystasjon, Postmottak, 2617 Lillehammer Kings Bay AS, Hamnerabben, 9173 Ny Ålesund Lista lufthavn AS, Lista fly- og næringspark, 4560 Vanse Notodden lufthavn AS, Merdeveien 18, 3676 Notodden 14

18 Oslo lufthavn AS, Postboks 100, 2061 Gardermoen Sandefjord lufthavn AS, Torpveien 130, 3241 Sandefjord Skien lufthavn AS, Voldsvegen 204, 3724 Skien St. Norske Spitsbergen Grubekompani AS, 9170 Longyearbyen Sunnhordland lufthavn AS, Sørstokken, 5410 Sagvåg Ørland hovedflystasjon, Postmottak, 2617 Lillehammer Norwegian Armed Forces: Forsvarsstaben, Postmottak, 2617 Lillehammer Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt, Postboks 25, 2007 Kjeller Forsvarsbygg, Postboks 405 Sentrum, 0103 Oslo Fire-fighting training sites: Beredskapen AS, 3966 Stathelle Borre havarivernskole, Langrunn, 3186 Horten Finnmark fylkeskommune, Honningsvåg Fiskarfagskole/Sikkerhetssenteret, Postboks 173, 9755 Honningsvåg Havarivernsenteret, Tromsø maritime skole, Postboks 6341, 9293 Tromsø If Sikkerhetssenter, Ringvoll, 1827 Hobøl Nasjonalt utdanningssenter for samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap, Postboks 53, 1380 Heggedal Norges Brannskole, Postboks A, 9441 Fjelldal Norsk Brannvern Institutt, Postboks 613 Sentrum, 4003 Stavanger Norsk Senter for Offshore-utdanning-NOSEFO, Nordmarka, 4120 Tau Nutec, Sotra, 5379 Steinsland Nutec Trondheim AS, Postboks 3531, 7419 Trondheim ResQ AS, Haglandsveien 20, 5514 Haugesund Safemar AS, Televeien 9, 4879 Grimstad (Østerhusskogen) Sikkerhetssenteret Aukra, 6480 Aukra Sivilforsvarets beredskaps- og kompetansesenter, Vagleleiren, 4323 Sandnes Sivilforsvarets beredskaps- og kompetansesenter, 2830 Lena Sivilforsvarets beredskaps- og kompetansesenter, Smistadkrysset, 7026 Trondheim Statens Vegvesen Region Midt, Fylkeshuset, 6404 Molde Stavanger Maritime Sikkerhetssenter, Kalhammervn. 54, 4007 Stavanger Sørlandets Sikkerhetssenter, Kongshavn, 4639 Kristiansand Sørlandets Sjøaspirantskole, Brannøvingsfelt, Skibåsen 11/13, 4636 Kristiansand Tromsø Maritime Skole, Havarivernsenteret, 9293 Tromsø Mobile rigs: Diamond Offshore Netherlands BV, Postboks 676 Sentrum, 4003 Stavanger (Ocean Vanguard) Dolphin A/S, Platformv. 5, 4056 Tananger (Bideford Dolphin, Borgland Dolphin) Maersk Contractors Norge AS, Postboks 134 Forus, 4065 Stavanger (Maersk Gallant, Maersk Giant, Maersk Innovator) Ocean Rig AS, Postboks 409 Forus, 4067 Stavanger (Eirik Raude) Odfjell Drilling AS, Postboks 33 Kokstad, 5863 Bergen (Deepsea Delta, Deepsea Trym) PGS Production, Postboks 482 Sentrum, 7405 Trondheim (Petrojarl 1, Petrojarl Varg) Saipem Norwegian Branch, Postboks 184, 7501 Stjørdal (Scarabeo 5) Smedvig Offshore AS, Postboks 110 Sentrum, 4001 Stavanger (West Alpha, West Venture, West Epsilon) Stena Drilling AS, Postboks 113 Kokstad, 5863 Bergen 15

19 (Stena Dee, Stena Don) Transocean Offshore Ltd, Postboks 8200 Postterminalen, 4069 Stavanger (Transocean Leader, Transocean Arctic, Polar Pioneer, Transocean Searcher) Tanker companies: Anders Utkilens Rederi AS, Postboks 1163 Sentrum, 5811 Bergen Anders Wilhelmsen & Co AS, Postboks1583 Vika, 0118 Oslo A/S J. Ludwig Mowinckels Rederi, Postboks 4070 Dreggen, 5835 Bergen A/S Norske Shell Rederiavd, Postboks 1154 Sentrum, 0107 Oslo A/S Uglands Rederi, Postboks 128, 4891 Grimstad ASP Singa Ship Management AS, Nedre Vollgt. 1, 0158 Oslo Bergesen d.y. ASA, Postboks 2800 Solli, 0204 Oslo Bergshav Management AS, Postboks 8, 4891 Grimstad Champion Tankers AS, Postboks 413 Nesttun, 5853 Bergen Det Stavangerske Dampskibsselskab, Postboks 848, 4004 Stavanger Falck Management A/S, Postboks 40, 5575 Aksdal Four Partner Shipping AS, Postboks 181, 4662 Kristiansand S Halfdan Ditlev-Simonsen & co. AS, Strandveien 50, 1366 Lysaker IUM Shipmanagement AS, S.Boks 520, 4898 Grimstad Jo Tankers AS, Postboks 43, 5963 Bergen Kjelman Shipping AS, Postboks 1849 Vika, 0123 Oslo Knutsen OAS Shipping AS, Postboks 2017, 5504 Haugesund Kr. G. Jebsen Skipsrederi A/S, Folke Bernadottes vei 38, 5147 Fyllingsdalen Larvik Shipping AS, Postboks 136, 3251 Larvik Leif Høegh & Co AS (Høegh Fleet Services AS), Postboks 777 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo Linnea Shipping A/S, Strandveien 50C, 1366 Lysaker Mosvold Maritime AS, Postboks 27, 4661 Kristiansand S Nordic American Tanker Shipping Ltd., Postboks 56, 3201 Sandefjord Norminol AS, Postboks 153, 9252 Tromsø Odfjell ASA, Postboks 6101 Postterminalen, 5892 Bergen O.H. Meling & Co. AS, Postboks 217, 4001 Stavanger OSM Norway AS, Postboks1684, 4857 Arendal OSM Ship Management AS, Postboks 69, 4661 Kristiansand S Rederiet Stenersen AS, Postboks 2494 Solheimsviken, 5824 Bergen Seatrans DA, Postboks 15 Nesttun, 5852 Bergen Sigba AS, 5355 Knarrevik Solvang ASA, Postboks 90, 4001 Stavanger T. Alendal Rederi AS, Postboks 2063 Postterminalen, 5504 Haugesund Teekay Norway AS, Postboks 8035, 4068 Stavanger TESMA Holding AS, Postboks 216, 1326 Lysaker Viken Shipping AS, Postboks 74 Eidsvåg, 5876 Bergen Waterfront Shipping AS, Postboks 6735 St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo Westfal-Larsen gruppen, Postboks 1192 Sentrum, 5811 Bergen Passenger ferry companies: Color Line AS (Color Line Marine AS), Postboks 2090, 3202 Sandefjord Fergerederiet HSD Bergen, Postboks 2005 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen Fergerederiet Fjord 1 Florø, Postboks 354, 6901 Florø Fergerederiet MRF Molde, 6405 Molde Fjord Line A/S, Postboks 7250, 5020 Bergen 16

20 Fire and rescue brigades: Brann- og redningsetaten, Arne Garborgspl. 1, 0179 OSLO Brannvesenet i Bergen, Rådstuplassen 9, 5017 BERGEN Trondheim brann- og redningstjeneste, 7004 TRONDHEIM Brannvesenet i Sør-Rogaland IKS, Jærveien 107, 4318 SANDNES Brannvesenet i Tromsø, Parkgata 29, 9008 TROMSØ Brannvesenet i Alta, Postboks 1403, 9506 ALTA Brann- og redningskontoret i Bodø, Dronningensgt. 56, 8006 BODØ Rana kommune Brann- og Redningstjenesten, Postboks 173, 8601 MO I RANA Brann- og redningsavdelingen i Molde, Birger Hatlebakksv. 30, 6415 MOLDE Brannvesenet i Ålesund, Sjømannsvegen 1B, 6008 ÅLESUND Brann- og redningsvesenet i Karmøy, Rådhuset, 4250 KOPERVIK Brannvesenet i Kristiansand, Serviceboks 417, 4604 KRISTIANSAND S Brann- og feiervesenet, Skotfossv. 27, 3720 SKIEN Brann- og feiervesenet i Porsgrunn, Hydrovegen 53, 3936 PORSGRUNN Vestfold Interkommunale brannvesen IKS, Ollebukta 6, 3126 TØNSBERG Drammensregionens brannvesen IKS, Langesgt. 11, 3044 DRAMMEN Asker og Bærum brannvesen, Fredtunveien 5, 1386 ASKER Mosseregionens Interkommunale brannvesen, Tykkemyr 2,1597 MOSS Sarpsborg brann- og feievesen, Sigvat Skaldsgt. 1, 1706 SARPSBORG Brann- og feiervesenet i Fredrikstad, St. Croix gt. 17 B, 1607 FREDRIKSTAD Brannvesenet i Elverum, Storgt. 18, 2406 ELVERUM Brannvesenet i Lillehammer, Lars Skrefsrudsgate 8, 2615 LILLEHAMMER Brann- og beredskapsavdelingen i Vestre Toten, 2830 RAUFOSS The following received copies for information only: Direktoratet for samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap, Rambergveien 9, 3115 Tønsberg Norsk brannbefals landsforbund v/guttorm Liebe, Brann- og feiervesenet, Skotfossv. 27, 3720 Skien Solberg Scandinavian AS, Olsvollstranda, 5938 Sæbøvågen NoHa Norway AS, Lagerveien 25, 4033 Stavanger Data Fomtec AB, Kilg. 12, 3217 Sandefjord Tyco BSP, Postboks 64, 1471 Lørenskog Brude Safety AS, Breivika Industriv. 4, 6018 Ålesund Brann- og Sikkerhetsservice AS, Breiflåtv. 15, 4017 Stavanger Luftfartstilsynet, Postboks 8050 Dep, 0030 Oslo Petroleumstilsynet, Postboks 599, 4003 Stavanger Norsk Petroleumsinstitutt, Essendrops g 3, 0368 Oslo Sjøfartsdirektoratet, Stensberggt. 27, 0170 Oslo NSO, Essendrops g 6, 0368 Oslo Norges Rederiforbund, Rådhusg. 25, 0158 Oslo Oljeindustriens landsforening, Postboks 8065, 4068 Stavanger PIL, Essendrops gt. 3, 0368 Oslo Fylkesmannens miljøvernavdelinger Forsvarsdepartementet, Postboks 8126 Dep, 0032 Oslo Gasnor, Postboks 63, 4299 Avaldsnes Statoil ASA, Snøhvit LNG, 4035 Stavanger Hydro Olje & Energi, Ormen Lange landanlegg, 0240 Oslo 17

21 Appendix 2: Questionnaire Questionnaire for inventory of fire-fighting foam concentrate and any other areas of use for PFOS-related substances in onshore sectors such as refineries, airports, the Norwegian Armed Forces and fire-fighting training sites, and in maritime transport (tankers and large passenger ferries). Please provide information on foam concentrate in the table below. There is currently no requirement to declare products containing PFOS-related substances to the Product Register, and it is therefore not possible to find information on whether or not a product contains these substances from the safety data sheet. Information on whether fire-fighting foam or other products contain PFOS-related substances can be obtained from the supplier. Table 1: Information on quantities of fire-fighting foam concentrate Enterprise, operating unit or other user Total stockpiles of foam concentrate (litres) When was the first time the foam tanks were filled with concentrate? (year) When were the foam tanks most recently filled with concentrate? (year) Annual consumption of foam concentrate (litres) Quantity of foam concentrate believed to contain PFOS-related substances (litres) Total quantity of PFOS-related substances held by the enterprise What is the PFOS concentration of the foam used today? Historical emissions of PFOS-related substances Frequency of tests of equipment using foam (number/year) Do not have PFOS-based foam We also ask enterprises to evaluate the following: whether it is possible to replace foam concentrate dating from before 2003; whether they have stockpiles of products for other areas of use containing PFOS-related substances. 18

22 Appendix 3: List of respondents that reported stockpiles of PFOSbased foam Quantity of PFOSbased foam (litres) Quantity of PFOS-related substances in foam stockpiles (kg) Respondent Installation/facility Fixed offshore installations Talisman Energy Gyda Shell E & P Draugen BP Ula BP Valhall Total E & P Frigg Exxon Mobil Balder FPU Exxon Mobil Jotun A Hydro Brage Hydro Njord A Hydro Njord B Hydro Oseberg C Hydro Oseberg felt Hydro Oseberg Sør Hydro Oseberg øst Hydro Troll B Hydro Troll C Hydro West Venture Hydro B. Dolphin Hydro Deep Sea Delta 25 1 Statoil Alle PGS Petrojarl Varg PGS Varg A PGS Petrojarl Mobile rigs Smedvig Offshore West Alpha Smedvig Offshore West Epsilon Stena Drilling Stena Dee Stena Drilling Stena Don Transocean TO Leader Transocean Polar Pioneer Dolphin Bideford Dolphin Diamond Offshore Ocean Vanguard Tankers and ferries Anders Utkilens Rederi 15 kjemikalieskip Fjord1 M/F Lærdal Fjord1 Austrheim 40 1 Fjord1 Eid Fjord1 Fanaraaken Fjord1 Fjalir 80 1 Fjord1 Fjordglytt Fjord1 Fjærlandsfjord 40 1 Fjord1 Florøy Fjord1 Gloppen Fjord1 Gudvangen

23 Fjord1 Gulen Fjord1 Lærdal Fjord1 Nordfjord Fjord1 Nårasund 30 1 Fjord1 Selje Fjord1 Sogn Fjord1 Sognefjord Fjord1 Stryn Fjord1 Sunnfjord Fjord1 Svanøy Fjord1 Sylvarnes Fjord1 Værøy 40 1 FjordLine AS MS Jupiter FjordLine AS MS Fjord Norway Fire and rescue brigades Moss Brannvesen Trondheim brannvesen Krisand br.vesen Bodø brannvesen Airports Lista Lufthavn Onshore industries Weifa AS Hydro Herøya Industripark Beredskapen AS Rafnes Hydro Polymer Rafsnes Refineries and onshore gas terminals Statoil Mongstad Gassco Kollsnes Esso Slagen Hydro Sture Tank farms Statoil Div. tankanlegg Esso Skålevik Bergen Esso Fredrikstad Esso Høvringen Tr.heim Hydro Texaco 2 tankanlegg Norwegian Armed Forces Forsvaret Andøya Forsvaret Bodø Forsvaret Stavanger Forsvaret Ørland Forsvaret Haakonsvern Forsvaret Rygge

24 Klima- og forurensningsdirektoratet Postboks 8100 Dep, 0032 Oslo Besøksadresse: Strømsveien 96 Telefon: Telefaks: E-post: Internett: Utførende institusjon Climate and Pollution Agency Oppdragstakers prosjektansvarlig Kontaktperson i Klima- og forurensningsdirektoratet ISBN-nummer TA-nummer 2961/2012 COWI A/S Norway Ingunn Myhre SPFO-nummer År 2012 Sidetall 18 Klima- og forurensningsdirektorat ets kontraktnummer Utgiver Climate and Pollution Agency Prosjektet er finansiert av Climate and Pollution Agency Forfatter(e) COWI AS, Norway Inventory of PFOS and PFOS-related substances in fire-fighting foams in Norway Kartlegging av PFOS i brannskum Sammendrag summary Kartlegging av gjenværende mengder og tidligere utslipp av PFOS- holdig brannskum på offshoreinstallasjoner, skip og i landbasert virksomhet i Norge. The results of a national inventory of remaining stockpiles and historical emissions of PFOS-based fire-fighting foams in Norway. The inventory included offshore installations, tankers and passenger ferries and relevant onshore enterprises and other users. 4 emneord PFOS og relaterte stoffer Kartlegging Brannskumm Lager og historiske utslipp 4 subject words PFOS and its related substances Inventory Fire-fighting foams Stockpiles and historic emissions 21

25 Climate and Pollution Agency P.O. Box 8100 Dep N-0032 Oslo Tel: Fax: Internet: Street address: Strømsveien 96, Helsfyr, Oslo Climate and Pollution Agency The Climate and Pollution Agency reports to the Ministry of the Environment and has 325 employees, based mainly in Oslo. We implement government policy on pollution. We act as advisors, guardians and stewards for the environment. Our most important fields of work include climate change, chemicals, marine and freshwater environment, waste management, air quality and noise. Our vision is a future without pollution. We are working to reduce greenhouse gas emissions reduce the spread of hazardous substances harmful to health and the environment achieve integrated and ecosystem-based management of the marine and freshwater environment increase waste recovery and reduce emissions from waste reduce the harmful effects of air pollution and noise TA-2961 /2012