Tackling the renovation challenge: high temperature hybrid heat pumps. François Bruggemans, DAIKIN Europe NV

Transcription

1 Tackling the renovation challenge: high temperature hybrid heat pumps François Bruggemans, DAIKIN Europe NV

2 The target: further reduction of CO 2 emissions from heating Current downward trend by changes in fuel mix (more gas and biomass, less fuel oil and coal) S8ll ca. 380 MTON CO2 emissions from gaseous and liquid fuels Downward trend can be amplified by introduc8on of heat pump technology in exis8ng stock Source: EEA (European Environment Agency); Mi8ga8ng climate change - SOER 2010 thema8c assessment; 28 Nov 2010 Es8mated CO 2 savings poten8al: 100 MTON 2

3 The challenge: heat pumps for replacement of existing boilers New build Change emiwers Renova8on Keep emiwers Oil boiler replacement Gas boiler replacement 12% 8% 10% 70% Challenges: q Use exis8ng radiators (up to 80 C) q Use exis8ng installa8on space q Cover high heat loads (above 10kW) q ROI versus new gas boiler Market today: q Dominated by condensing gas boilers q Low price level 3

4 The solution: hybrid heat pumps combining air sourced heat pumps and wall hung gas boilers q A- W HP system q Gas boiler HP outdoor unit Gas boiler Hydraulic components Space hea8ng DHW hea8ng Refrigerant gas cold water 4

5 Operational principle Select op8misa8on parameter Running cost Primary energy efficiency CO 2 emission Define related efficiency treshold of the heat pump: break even COP (COP BE ) PR elec / PR gas η boiler End- user s preference PE elec η boiler CO2 elec / CO2 gas η boiler Policy maker s preference 5

6 Operation modes Con8nuously select most op8mal opera8on mode, based on actual heat pump COP COP COP heat pump T flow T amb COP BE Load % Outdoor temperature C >= COP BE AND CAP heat pump >= heat load - > HP only opera8on 1 COP heat pump >= COP BE AND CAP heat pump < heat load - > HP + boiler opera8on 2 < COP BE - > boiler only opera8on 3 6

7 Operation modes Boiler opera8on Hybrid opera8on HP only opera8on Capacity (kw) Max HP capacity Heat load Outdoor temperature ( C) 7

8 Operation modes Low Ta, High Tflow - > low COP boiler opera:on High Ta, Low Tflow - > high COP HP opera:on Heat consump:on (kwh/ C) PE eff= 0,9 PE eff= 1,0 PE eff= 1, Outdoor temperature ( C) T flow C 8

9 Effect of operation mode on PE, RE, CO 2 and running cost (BE example) BE econ BE ecol BE max HP thermal output HP kwh thermal output boiler kwh COP HP W/W 3,64 3,64 3,38 eff boiler W/W 0,9 0,9 0,9 input elec kwh input gas kwh Total thermal kwh Total PE kwh Total RE kwh PEEff W/W 1,20 1,21 1,19 CO2 kg cost elec EUR cost gas EUR Total cost EUR Lowest running cost Lowest PE use Lowest CO2/ Highest RE PR el,day=0,237 EUR/kWh PR el,night = 0,152 EUR/kWh PR gas= 0,07 EUR/kWh PE el= 2,5 CO2 el = 0,276 kg/kwh Condensing gas boiler: Running cost: 1516 EUR CO2: 5412 kg 9

10 Effect of operation mode on PE, RE, CO 2 and running cost For average heat loads, selected operation mode has only limited impact on PE and running cost. Effect on RE and CO 2 is slightly higher. Pragmatic solution towards efficiency calculation model needed. 10

11 Technologies compared: equipment cost vs. CO 2 savings CO 2 index (ref. = condensing gas boiler) Condensing boiler Non cond. boiler + DHW tank + DHW tank GSHP Low temp ASHP Hybrid HP/ boiler + DHW tank Addi8onal cost for source system (drilling) Addi8onal cost for adapta8on emission system High temp ASHP Boiler+ Solar µchp Hybrid heat pumps seem cheapest way to introduce RE in boiler replacement market Equipment Cost index (ref. = condensing gas boiler) 11

12 Hybrid heat pumps in legislation and certifications EU Hybrids considered heat pumps under Ecodesign Lot 1 Efficiency calculation methodology under preparation EHPA EHPA Quality label currently does not cover hybrids France RT2012 Titre V for hybrid heat pumps with HP capacity <5 kw NF PAC: heat pump only UK Hybrid heat pumps not complying to UK MCS rules for heat pumps (dimension with 100% HP capacity),but comply under installations where another heat source is available to the building (defined as bivalent) No UK MCS certification for hybrids yet 12

13 Hybrid heat pumps in dumb grids Influence of hea8ng systems on thermo- sensi8vity of electrical power consump8on Power consump8on Outdoor temp. Outdoor temp. Outdoor temp. Combus:on boilers: Low and steady Electrical hea:ng (joule effect): Directly propor8onal Electrically driven heat pumps: Steep at low outdoor temp. Outdoor temp. Hybrid heat pumps: Drop at low outdoor temp due to boiler opera8on Hybrid heat pumps help reduce load on electrical grid at lower temperatures by standard opera8on logic 13

14 Hybrid heat pumps in smart grids Response to peak load management by using the gas condensing boiler Grid load % Max load line as defined by power supply company Power supply company watches the load on the grid HYBRID opera8on Gas boiler Heatpump 8me Input to the HYBRID (by VFC or communica8on) Forced boiler opera8on 8me No impact on end-user comfort 14

15 DAIKIN Altherma hybrid heat pump, meeting the challenge. HP outdoor unit 5-8 kw Gas boiler 27/33 kw Hydraulic components Space hea8ng DHW hea8ng Highly efficient inverter heat pump Refrigerant gas Wall mounted indoor unit +gas boiler combina8on, for compact and easy installa8on 15

16 DAIKIN Altherma hybrid heat pump, meeting the challenge Challenges: ü Use exis8ng radiators (up to 80 C) Gas boiler part covers higher flow temperatures ü Use exis8ng installa8on space Wall hung concept with similar installa8on space as gas boiler ü Cover high heat loads (above 10kW) Gas boiler part covers higher heat loads ü ROI versus new gas boiler Limited addi8onal investment cost compared to gas boiler; reasonable savings In addi:on ü High CO 2 - saving poten8al ü Most affordable RE technology ü Fit for smart grids and variable electricity pricing 16

17 Thank you for your awen8on! 17