Introduction to Business Information Systems

Transcription

1 Rolf T. Wigand Peter Mertens Freimut Bodendorf Wolfgang Konig Arnold Picot Matthias Schumann Introduction to Business Information Systems With 79 Figures Springer

2 Contents The Subject of Business Information Systems Examples of Business Application Systems Information as a Factor in Production Business Information Systems in the Context of Different Subjects Structure of the Book Literature for Chapter 1 10 Computers and Networks Hardware Central Processing Unit Processor Main Memory : External Memory." Data Paths Data Input and Output Devices Software System Software Operating Systems for Microcomputers Programming Languages Translation Programs Utility Programs, Protocols and Drivers Application Software Standard Software Basic Software Standard Office Software Standard Business Software Supporting Functions of Enterprises Individual Software Computer Classification Mainframe Computers Workstations Network Computers and Thin-Clients Computer Networks and Network Architectures Components of Computer Networks Local Area Networks Wide Area Networks Client-Server Concept as a Model for Cooperation Worldwide Networking: The Internet 42

3 VIII A Contents The Protocol Family TCP/IP Services and Technologies of Networking Intranets and Extranets Security in Information and Communication Networks Computer and Network Infrastructures Literature for Chapter Data and their Integration Data and Databases Goals and Requirements of Data Integration Classification of Data Basic Terminology and Data Organization Database Organization vs. Data File Organization Components of a Database System Architecture of a Database System Data Structuring Database Models Relational Database Models Object-oriented Database Models Query Possibilities for Database Systems Networked Databases Distributed Database Systems Data Warehouse Online Analytical Processing External Databases and Information Retrieval The Internet as a Database Research on the Internet Literature for Chapter Goals, Forms and Means of Integrated Data Processing Goals Forms Methodological Aids Systems for Procedural Support Transaction Systems Workflow Management Systems Document Management Systems Workgroup Support Systems Knowledge Management Systems Planning and Control Systems Types of Planning and Control Systems Aids for Preparing Management Information Determination and Representation of Report Objects Management Support Systems Methods of Artificial Intelligence 89

4 Contents IX_ Methods of Operation Research and Statistics/Method Databases Literature to Chapter Integrated Application Systems Application Systems in the Industry Sector Research and Product Development Product Design (CAD/CAE) Computer Aided Planning (CAP) Marketing and Sales Customer Inquiry and Sales Offer Processing Quotation Follow-up Order Entry and Order Verification Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Procurement Order Scheduling Purchasing Delivery Monitoring Goods Receiving Control Warehousing : Material Valuation Inventory Control Inventory.' Support of Processes in the Warehouse Production CIM-The Complexity Problem Primary Requirements Planning/MRP II Material Requirements Planning/MRP Throughput Scheduling Capacity Balancing Availability Check Order Clearance Job Shop Scheduling Computer Aided Manufacturing Computer Aided Quality Assurance (CAQ) Production Data Entry Production Progress Control Shipping Assignation Delivery Clearance Shipping Logistics Invoicing Customer Service Maintenance/Repair Customer Queries Finance 117

5 X 4 Contents Accounting Cost and Result Accounting Cost Center Accounting Product Cost Accounting Supplier Accounts Auditing General Accounting Sub-Ledger Accounting Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable Human Resources Work Schedule Management Payroll Accounting Reporting Programs Special Action Programs Employees-Tasks-Assignments Facility Management An Example of a Computer-supported Planning System Example of a Computer-supported Control System Application Systems in the Services Sector Particularities of the Services Sector Information Systems Support of Service Processes Marketing in the Service Process Special Considerations Use of the Internet Micro-geographic Systems in Insurance Marketing Sales Force Support in Insurance Sales Performance Provision in the Service Process Special Considerations Yield-Management Systems in the Tourism Industry Information and Advising in the Service Process Special Considerations Enquiry Systems in Passenger Traffic Advisory Systems in Retail Sales Advisory Systems in the Bank Investments Area Agreement in the Service Process Special Considerations Individualized Magazine Offers Securities Trading at the Electronic Stock Exchange Settlement in the Service Process Special Considerations Services in the Health Care Sector Awarding Bank Credit Freight Forwarding Services in the Hotel Business Billing and Payment in the Service Process Special Considerations Point-of-Sale Billing and Payment 152

6 Contents XI_ Payment with a Pre-paid Card Payment with a Debit Card Cashless Transaction Systems of Banks Electronic Commerce Overview Flow of an E-Commerce Business Transaction Integration of Enterprises through Supply Chain Management Literature for Chapter Planning, Implementation and Deployment of Application Systems Fundamental Decision: Software Packages versus Individual Software Structuring of Projects System Development Life Cycle for Custom Software Planning Step Definition Step Design Step Implementation Step Acceptance and Introduction-Step Maintenance Step Life-cycle-spanning Characteristics Prototyping for Individual Software Phase Model for Software Packages Selection and Installation Adaptation and Initialization Maintenance Project Management Project Organization Project Planning and Control Tools for Project Implementation Modeling Techniques Process Modeling Data Modeling Modeling of Functions Object Modeling Tools Libraries Literature for Chapter 6 195

7 XII 4 Contents 7 Management Information Systems Strategic Planning of Information Systems Defining an Information Systems Strategy Deriving the Information Systems Strategy from the Enterprise Strategy Organizational Change through the Information Systems Strategy Determining the Information Systems Architecture The Selection of Information Systems Projects Information Systems Project Portfolios Analyses of the Profitability of Information Systems Organization of Information Systems Internal Production or External Procurement of Information Systems Performances Placement of Information Systems in the Business Organization Internal Organization of the Information System Area Additional Management Aspects Legal Aspects of Information Systems Data Protection and Data Privacy Authentication Additional Legal Considerations Professional Career Roles in Information Systems Literature for Chapter Further Readings 225 Index 231