Developing, Validating and Demonstrating Ways to Reduce Property Damage from Natural Hazards

Transcription

1 Developing, Validating and Demonstrating Ways to Reduce Property Damage from Natural Hazards Tim Reinhold, Ph.D., P.E., Sr. VP for Research PAMIC Claims Summit Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, April 7, 2015

2 What is IBHS Not for profit organization Created and supported by the insurance industry through dues 87% of personal property casualty industry 63% of light commercial property insurance Promotes hazard resistant construction Research and Communications Organization

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4 Introduction Video

5 How Does IBHS Accomplish Its Goals? Research Influencing building code development and adoption Communications through: Our member companies Partnerships Influencing public policy Programs (FORTIFIED & Open for Business EZ)

6 Presentation Themes Enhancing Resistance to Natural Hazards Role of codes and standards Getting the roof right Wind performance of asphalt shingles Hail performance of asphalt shingles Working on Issues of Importance to Members

7 Claim Frequency by Age of Home Average = 41% Average = 17% 1995 High Wind Standards

8 Effect of Engineering Based Design and Construction on Claim Frequency and Severity - Residential Pre 1996: $24/sf Pre 1996: 41 claims/100 policies -42% -60% Pre 1996: 4,453 Policies 1,843 Claims : $14/sf : 17 claims/100 policies : 1151 Policies 192 Claims

9 The Good News from Hurricane Research The new engineering-based wind standards are producing houses that perform well - at least structurally In Hurricane Charley No loss of whole roofs on homes built to new standards No documented loss of roof sheathing from homes built in the last 5 years Significant drop in garage door failures No structural failures except for screen enclosures, carports and add-on structures

10 The Bad News about Home Performance New Engineering-Based wind standards only apply in hurricane prone areas Most of the country still uses conventional construction methods

11 More Bad News about Home Performance Roof coverings are still a major problem area - 95+% of homes with claims (Wind or Hail) have roof covering damage Roof cover is key element in wildfire risk Hurricane Charley closed claim file analysis: 75% had some soffit damage (vinyl and aluminum soffits) About 75% of homes with attached structures had damage to those structures

12 3-Tab Shingle Permit Survey Post Charley Replacement

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14 Opportunity for Improvement Roof is the first Line of defense against many natural hazards Roofing is the part of a building that gets replaced / repaired most frequently When roof cover is replaced - simple but significant low-cost improvements are possible Re-fasten sheathing Seal roof deck Install roof cover rated for: high-wind, class A fire, and class 4 impact

15 Asphalt Shingle Wind Research Field surveys and analysis of damage Full-scale tests in IBHS large wind facility Conduct standard tests used to rate products Comparisons of loads and performance Review of performance assessment criteria

16 IBHS Full-Scale Wind Testing

17 Pressure on & Flow over Pitched Roof

18 Roof Peak Uplift Pressures Wind Dir. 0 o Wind Dir. 30 o Wind Dir. 90 o Wind Dir. 180 o

19 Flow Over Roof Wind Dir. 0 o Wind Dir. 30 o Wind Dir. 90 o Wind Dir. 180 o

20 Approximate locations suggested for load measurement on 20 individual tabs on the 3-tab shingles

21 Measuring Wind Uplift on Shingles On top surface of shingle Below shingle tab

22 ASTM D 3161 Setup

23 ASTM D 7158 Setup

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29 Test Protocol Observations & Takeaways

30 Comparative Shingle Testing Only 1 of 11 3-Tab products and 1 of 15 architectural products passed ASTM D3161 when all protocols were followed using offthe-shelf products. Conditioning limited to between 135 and 140 deg. F. Product subjected to supply chain handling & storage Most products passed ASTM D3161 (110 mph for 2 hrs) when conditioned at higher temperatures and poorly sealed tabs were eliminated by face nailing Some passed only 110 mph Several survived mph A few passed 150 mph for 2 hrs

31 Sealing of Shingles

32 Sealing of Shingles Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety

33 Physical Limits Observed After Robust Sealing Cohesive failures within the shingle itself

34 Real World Performance Assurance Option 1: Verify robust sealing of shingles Protocol for seal verification needed Protocol for retrofitting to seal any shingles that remain partially or completely unsealed after installation (Hand tabbing can work) How long will shingles remain sealed in real-world conditions? Option 2: Ensure that loss of seal does not lead to significant damage Shingle is not damaged if it loses seal; and, Water damage does not result from shingle lifting Polymer modified asphalt shingles with sealed roof deck?

35 Hail Damage Billion $ hail storms are becoming more common Urban sprawl Compact development 1 st and 2 nd quarter losses escalating Fraud is rampant

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37 Making Realistic Hailstones

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40 IBHS Hail Research: What We Need to Know Damage COSMETIC FUNCTIONAL HYPOTHETICAL LAB TEST: SHINGLE XYZ Hail size At what point does the shingle lose its water shedding ability? What does the relationship actually look like? How do the effects of aging play a role?

41 UL 2218 Steel Ball Tests

42 UL 2218 Test Results

43 UL 2218 Test Results

44 UL 2218 Test Results

45 UL 2218 Test Results

46 IBHS Roof Aging Farm

47 Use of Drones Applying to become approved test site Aging roof specimen on site Wind jet for stability tests Support for Property Drone Consortium Support for Member initiatives

48 Water Intrusion: Exposed Roof Sheathing

49 Video of Water Intrusion Test

50 Wind-Driven Water Intrusion Research Duplex damage estimates Unsealed roof deck side = $16,935 Sealed roof deck side = $5,408

51 High-Wind Commercial Construction Focus areas included: Perimeter edge flashing and roof membrane anchorage Load path and connections Roof-mounted equipment anchorage Roll-up door wind resistance

52 Cost Differences to Create Stronger Building Flashing and membrane attachment enhancements: $850 Roll-up Door wind locks: $350 Wall reinforcing and concrete (to code): $1,250 Anchorage of roof top equipment: $650 TOTAL (without to code costs) $1,850

53 Video Roof Cover & Load Path for Commercial Bldg.

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55 Attached Structure /Manufactured Home Tests Testing and evaluation of attached structures wind resistance Field evaluation of typical structures (focused on carports) Wind load testing Strength testing of typical structures Identification and illustration of typical failures Development of remedial measures Demonstration of high wind-rated home strength benefits

56 Typical Weaknesses/Weakest Links Damage or poor connections of posts supporting eave of carport Buckling of roof deck pans at mid-span Failure of connection to home Buckling of beam supporting eave Failure of connection between roof deck and supporting beams and channels Cracking of roof pans caused by vibrations

57 Typical Weaknesses/Weakest Links - Damaged, Corroded or Poor Connections to Slab/Foundation -

58 Failure Mode Demonstration Attached Structures

59 Adequately Designed Bracing for Uplift

60 Improved Anchorage at Wall of House

61 Details are Important

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63 IBHS Voluntary, Superior Construction Standards

64 Designation Level Basics - Hurricane FORTIFY Roof and Attic Ventilation System FORTIFY the Openings FORTIFY the Structure

65 Severe Storm Protection Systems Hurricane FORTIFY Roof and Attic Ventilation System High Wind and Hail FORTIFY Roof FORTIFY Openings, Gables and Porches FORTIFY Gables, Porches, Carports and Chimneys FORTIFY Structure (CLP) and Chimney FORTIFY Garage Doors and Structure (CLP) Location and Design Wind Speed are key determining factors in deciding which standard(s) apply.

66 Because Little Things Matter

67 Video Importance of Residential Load Path

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69 DHS Pilot Program FORTIFIED is only qualifying standard for Pilot Pilot began Q1 2014

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