Seminarium om tystare busstrafik

Transcription

1 1 Seminarium om tystare busstrafik Ny EU & UNECE lagstiftning om tunga fordons ljudnivåer 23 September 2015 Tekniska nämndhuset Stockholm Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski

2 2 Seminarium om tystare busstrafik Tystare busstrafik - är det möjligt och i så fall hur? Seminarium om buller och busstrafik 23 Februari 2011, Armémuseum, Stockholm Development of a New Global Type Approval Test Procedure for Motor Vehicles With Regard to Their Noise Emissions (Method B*) Data Analysis of the Monitoring Phase of ECE/EU UNECE WP 29 * Method B same as ISO362-1:2007

3 3 Seminarium om tystare busstrafik Tystare busstrafik - är det möjligt och i så fall hur? Seminarium om tystare busstrafik 28 November 2014, Armémuseum, Stockholm Development of a New Global Type Approval Test Procedure for Motor Vehicles With Regard to Their Noise Emissions (Method B*) ISO362-1:2007 Regulation (EU) No 540/2014 Draft UNECE Regulation No 51 Series 03 * Method B same as ISO362-1:2007

4 Seminarium om tystare busstrafik 4 Overview of the Presentation Historical background of traffic noise regulations in EU/UNECE Research on traffic and traffic noise The new test method for heavy duty vehicles (Trucks & Buses) Status of legal action Other measures

5 Seminarium om tystare busstrafik 5 Overview of the Presentation Historical background of traffic noise regulations in EU/ECE Research on traffic and traffic noise The new test method for heavy duty vehicles (Trucks & Buses) Status of legal action Other measures

6 Maximum Sound Emission, db(a) Limit values of commercial vehicles Category M2, M3, N2 and N HDV > 150 kw HDV >75 kw and < 150 kw db(a) : 70/157/EWG (1970) 2: 77/212/EWG ( ) 3: 81/334/EWG ( ) 4: 84/424/EWG ( ) 5: 92/97/EWG ( ) Year of Entry into Force 4 5 City Bus

7 Noise mapping according to 2002/49/EEC Example: Zuffenhausen, DE 7 Major noise emission from high loaded streets 250m

8 Sound levels of typical every day events 8

9 Seminarium om tystare busstrafik 9 Overview of the Presentation Historical background of traffic noise regulations in EU/ECE Research on traffic and traffic noise The new test method for heavy duty vehicles (Trucks & Buses) Status of legal action Other measures

10 Research on traffic and traffic noise was made in different directions 10 What is wrong with the actual type approval test? Why does the actual test not help to make traffic more quiet? Environmental noise burdens Typical noise emissions in real life Burdens from traffic noise Noise exposure to people How are vehicles driven in real traffic? What are the typical speeds, accelerations and engine conditions?

11 percentage of vehicles/noise emission energy Noise emission in real urban traffic (residential areas) 11 EU-Projekt WG8 Traffic Noise Calculation Study (TRL & RWTÜV 2004) 6 % 100% 90% To be simulated by 80% Method B 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% residential 30 km/h 48 % motorcycles scooters trailer trucks rigid trucks light duty vehicles cars 7:00 to 19:00 0% Propulsion noise Rolling noise fleet share propulsion noise rolling noise total noise

12 Noise emission in real traffic (0 km/h to 60 km/h) 12 Propulsion noise To be simulated by Method B Tyre/Road Noise T/R Noise is dominating: > 60km/h for commercial vehicles Source: M&P GRB34-Inf09

13 Frequency in percentage Typical driving behaviour of a truck in urban traffic 13 25% Vehicle Speed distribution from a 2 hours Journey in Urban Streets N2 Vehicle loaded at 50% of Maximum load - Average speed 33km/h 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 10Km/h 20Km/h 30Km/h 40Km/h 50Km/h 60Km/h 70Km/h Driving Speed (Source ACEA CVN Manufacturer) A target speed of 35 km/h ± 5 km/h was chosen.

14 Normalized engine power Typical driving behaviour of a truck in urban traffic % 90% Trucks, 150kW<= Pn <= 225kW 30km/h <= v <= 60km/h Driving Time % % % % % % % % % 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 5% 15% 25% 35% 45% 55% 65% 75% 85% 95% 105% 115% Normalized engine speed (n-n idle )/(s-n idle ) To be simulated by Method B Source: FIGE

15 Seminarium om tystare busstrafik 15 Overview of the Presentation Historical background of traffic noise regulations in EU/ECE Research on traffic and traffic noise The new test method for heavy duty vehicles (Trucks & Buses) Status of legal action Other measures

16 Comparison Method A and Method B 16 Method A Scope (UNECE R51.02): To reproduce the sound levels which are generated by vehicles during full throttle acceleration without any load Method B Scope (UNECE R51.03): To reproduce the sound levels which are generated by vehicles during normal driving in urban traffic

17 Comparison Method A and Method B 17 Method A Further reductions of the sound limit values (UNECE R51.02) do not result in a quieter urban environment Method B The reduction of the limit values (UNECE R51.03) from phase 1 to phase 3 by 3-4 db(a) reduces the noise level in the urban environment by approximate 1.8 db(a) as simulations have shown

18 Normalized engine power Method B for vehicles of category M2 (GVW > kg), M3, N2 & N % 90% Trucks, 150kW<= Pn <= 225kW 30km/h <= v <= 60km/h Driving Time % % % % % % % % % 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 5% 15% 25% 35% 45% 55% 65% 75% 85% 95% 105% 115% Normalized engine speed (n-n idle )/(s-n idle ) Source: FIGE * Method A: Today s measurement procedure as implemented in Directive 92/97/EEC or UNECE R51.02

19 Outline for Method B for vehicles of category M2 (GVW > kg), M3, N2 & N3 19 For the pass by-test according to Method B, the objective is to measure noise level in line with the noise emission of the vehicle in urban areas. To achieve the urban driving conditions, the new test procedure is based on the following parameters: vehicle acceleration vehicle speed engine speed

20 Keystones for Method B for vehicles of category M2 > kg, M3, N2 & N3 20 Vehicle acceleration The pass-by noise test is carried out in Wide Open Throttle (WOT) condition Target vehicle speed The vehicle target speed for the test at BB has been defined as 35 km/h ± 5 km/h Target engine speed At the end of the test, when the reference point* is passing the test area at BB, the engine speed shall be between 70% and 74% of S** for M2 (GVW > 3500 kg) and N2 vehicles and between 85% and 89% of S** for M3 and N3 vehicles. * The reference point is the border of the engine closest to the front of the vehicle ** Rated engine speed S at which the engine develops its rated maximum net power

21 Noise Emission of HCV in urban areas Most important noise sources simulated by Method B 21 Gearbox Engine Powertrain Exhaust

22 Noise Emission of HCV in urban areas Most important noise sources simulated by Method B 22 Gearbox Engine Powertrain Exhaust

23 Benefits from the new test procedure Method B 23 Related to that urban traffic condition, which is most representative for the specific vehicle category for the noise exposure to the majority of citizens All important noise sources of the vehicles are addressed Adaptable procedure for future requirements Targets are independent from vehicle design and is therefore applicable to future technologies, like hybrid engines, continuously variable transmissions, etc... Reported value can be used for calculation on traffic in planning departments

24 Seminarium om tystare busstrafik 24 Overview of the Presentation Historical background of traffic noise regulations in EU/ECE Research on traffic and traffic noise The new test method for heavy duty vehicles (Trucks & Buses) Status of legal action Other measures

25 TNO Study ACEA Study 25

26 Vehicle categorization N3 26 ACEA Monitoring Data Base (Corrected to Normal Tyres): db(a) = f(p(kw)) 180kW 250kW liters; kw 9-13 liters; kw 4-7 liters; <180kW 4-7 liters; <180kW 7-9 liters; kW liters; kw

27 Vehicle categorization M3 27 City: 7-9 liters; kw ( hp) City: 7-9 liters; kw ( hp) City: 5-7 liters; kw ( hp) City: 2-3 liters; kw ( hp)

28 The UNECE WP29 Time Frame for introduction of UNECE R Ongoing ECE-Monitoring EU-Monitoring Impact Assessment We were here Official Proposal for Limits by COM Legal Process EU & ECE new limit values Uncertainty New types New types The first application of the new regulation can be assumed in roughly 3 years from now. Seminarium om buller och busstrafik 07 Februari 2011, Armémuseum, Stockholm

29 The UNECE WP29 Time Frame for introduction of UNECE R Decided Ongoing ECE-Monitoring EU-Monitoring Impact Assessment Official Proposal by COM We are here Legal Process EU Legal Process UNECE R(EU)540/2014 into force R51.03 prelim New limit values for vehicles of category M3 & N3: Introduction of sound level reductions in three phases 2016, 2020 and 2026 Phase 1 New types

30 Status of introduction R(EU) no 540/2014 & UNECE R Decided Ongoing R(EU) No 540/2014 into force Proposal for Amendments to the 03 series of Amendments to R51 by IWG adopted by 61 st session of GRB Proposal for a consolidated version of R51.03 adopted by WP29 and AC.1 UNECE R51.03 into force (goal) Phase 1: New vehicle types Phase 2: New vehicle types Revision of ISO362-1:2007 finalized ISO362-1:2015 published Phase 2: First registration Phase 3: New vehicle type Phase 3: First registrati + two years for new vehicle type and + one year for new vehicles registration: Phase 2: N2 / Phase 3: M2, M3, N2, N3 The Commission shall carry out and publish a detailed study on sound level limits by 1 July 2021 (Article 11 R(EU) No 540/2014) Other Contracting Parties are invited to conduct similar studies in the future and to transmit their outcomes to GRB

31 Gränsvärden för fordon of kategorin M3 Förordning (EU) nr 540/ (2) + 2 år för nya fordonstyper och + 1 år för registrering av nya fordon

32 Limit values for vehicles of category M3 Regulation (EU) no 540/ Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 P n 150kW 150kW < P n 250kW P n > 250kW

33 Noise mapping according to 2002/49/EEC Example: Stockholm, SE 33

34 Seminarium om tystare busstrafik 34 Overview of the Presentation Historical background of traffic noise regulations in EU/ECE Research on traffic and traffic noise The new test method for heavy duty vehicles (Trucks & Buses) Status of legal action Other measures

35 Global approach: Sound reduction requires joint actions! 35 Noise from Road transport STRUCTURES: Roads, city planning, etc. MANAGEMENTS: Traffic management, enforcement, etc. SOURCES: Cars, buses, commercial vehicles, etc. DRIVER: Education, vehicle maintenance Noise from Railway Outdoor machinery Aircraft

36 Exempel för ett integrerat angreppssätt: Klassificering av vägbeläggningstyper 36 (13) Buller är ett mångfacetterat problem med flera olika orsaker och faktorer som påverkar det ljud som människor uppfattar och hur detta ljud påverkar dem. Fordons ljudnivå beror delvis på den omgivning de används i, särskilt på väginfrastrukturens kvalitet, och därför krävs ett mer integrerat angreppssätt. Direktiv 2002/49/EG innehåller krav på regelbundet upprättande av strategiska bullerkartor för bland annat större vägar. Informationen från dessa kartor skulle kunna ligga till grund för framtida forskningsarbete om omgivningsbuller i allmänhet och vägbeläggningsbuller i synnerhet, för riktlinjer för bästa praxis i fråga om teknisk vägkvalitetsutveckling och för en klassificering av vägbeläggningstyper, om så är lämpligt. (13) Förordning (EU) nr 540/2014

37 37 Thank You! Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski Senior Technical Manager External Sound, Emission & Legislation Truck Chassis Development SCANIA CV AB SE Södertälje Sweden Tel: +46 (0) Fax: +46 (0) Mail: Chairman of the ACEA Working Group Commercial Vehicle Noise Co-Chairman of the OICA Noise Committee (GEB)