«EMR and energy management of a Hybrid ESS of an Electric Vehicle»

Transcription

1 EMR 14 Coimbra June 2014 Summer School EMR 14 Energetic Macroscopic Representation «EMR and energy management of a Hybrid ESS of an Electric Vehicle» Dr. J. Trovão, F. Machado, Prof. A. Bouscayrol, Dr. W. Lhomme (INESC Coimbra, IPC/ISEC, Portugal L2EP, Université Lille1, France,)

2 - Introduction - Electric Vehicles is a key components to SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY! 2 ELECTRIC VEHICLES: the key components to SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY! BARRIERS ENERGY STORAGE» 100 years old problem! BATTERIES (best suitable energy storage for vehicles):» expensive, heavy, bulky, low specific energy and/or power, and limited cycles-life; OBJECTIVE: POSSIBLE SOLUTION: HYBRIDIZATION USING SCS A STRUCTURING method for ENERGY MANAGEMENT definition; For battery lifetime improvement.

3 - Outline Power System Description 2. Modelling and Control of the System Using EMR 3. Management Strategy Definition 4. Simulation Results (using ECE 15 Driving Cycle) 5. Conclusions

4 EMR 14 Coimbra June 2014 Summer School EMR 14 Energetic Macroscopic Representation «Power System Description»

5 - L2EP Electric Vehicle: Tazzari Zero EV - 5 Tazzari Zero characteristics Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV) Vehicle mass (tare): kg Motor power: 15 kw; Lithium-ion: 24 x 5.6 = kg Driving Range: 140 km Maximum speed: 85 km/h; Maximum Aceleration: 0-50 km/h < 5 s; DC bus Voltage: 80 V. i ts u bat i i im2 im1 T im Ω gear

6 - L2EP Electric Vehicle: Tazzari Zero EV - CURRENT TOPOLOGY CONFIGURATION: Li-ion Batteries fed directly the traction system; No control on the DC bus voltage; The batteries voltage decrease the powertrain current increase! 6 i ts u bat i i im2 im1 T im Ω gear

7 - L2EP Electric Vehicle: Tazzari Zero EV - NEW TOPOLOGY CONFIGURATION: Active parallel topology with Batteries and Supercapacitors; A DC/DC converter per source is used; The input voltage of these converter can be different and the output can be adjustable to a shared DC bus supplying the traction system. 7 NiMH Batteries 5.8 kw; 13 A.h Total Weight: 48 kg Suparcapacitors 48 kw; 125 F Total Weight: 35.6 kg

8 EMR 14 Coimbra June 2014 Summer School EMR 14 Energetic Macroscopic Representation «Main Objective»

9 - Energy Management Structure - 9 HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF THE EMS. SC Bat. v SC i bat SC i SC v bat bat EV Management Layer EV Control Layer

10 EMR 14 Coimbra June 2014 Summer School EMR 14 Energetic Macroscopic Representation «Modelling and Control of the System Using EMR»

11 - EMR of the Hybrid ESS EV - 11

12 - EMR of the Hybrid ESS EV - 12 or

13 - EMR of the Hybrid ESS EV - 13 Modelling the Environment; Modelling the Chassis; Modelling the Gearbox; Modelling the Electric motor and its controller; Modelling the Parallel coupling; Modelling the DC bus.

14 - Tuning path - Objectives: control the EV velocity and DC bus voltage 14 Tuning variable: modulation ratio of the DC/DC converters and motor torque reference FEEDING SYSTEM CONTROL: POWERTRAIN CONTROL:

15 - Maximum Control Structure - 15 V elo c id a d e [ k m / h ] Driving Cycle profile; v(t) K D =f(pdem, SoCbat, SoCsc, Vbat, Vsc) Maximum Control Structure: inversion of each element step-by-step (4 controllers and 1 strategy algorithm)

16 EMR 14 Coimbra June 2014 Summer School EMR 14 Energetic Macroscopic Representation «Management Strategy Definition»

17 REMEMBER: - Strategy Definition - 17 OBJECTIVE HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE.

18 - Strategy Definition - 18 Original EMR. Equivalent EMR for EMS definition.

19 - Strategy Definition - 19 A. STRATEGY LEVEL.

20 - Strategy Definition - 20 B. DECISION LEVEL. DECISION Linear Programing One-dimensional Problem K D Two-dimensional Problem

21 - Strategy Definition - 21 B. DECISION LEVEL. SC SC v SC i SC i bat Bat. v bat bat STRATEGY LEVEL

22 EMR 14 Coimbra June 2014 Summer School EMR 14 Energetic Macroscopic Representation «Simulation Results»

23 - Simulation Results - 23 STRATEGY LEVEL. DECISION LEVEL. EMS.

24 - Simulation Results - 24 Voltage [V] Speed [km/h] Power [kw] 50 ref. Tazzari P dem P Bat P SC V dclink-ref V dclink I Bat [A] 50 I I bat-ref bat I SC [A] I SC-ref I SC SoC [%] 50 SoC bat SoC SC Time [s]

25 EMR 14 Coimbra June 2014 Summer School EMR 14 Energetic Macroscopic Representation «Conclusions»

26 - Conclusions - The new hybrid power system is addressed. EMR and its control is developed and presented. Management Strategy is structured based on EMR. 26 Management Strategy: strategic level + decision level: to determine the best power sharing solution under strategic orientations. The results demonstrate that the EMS may be used effectively. The approach fulfills the main objectives of hybridization: Reducing the battery requirements; Controlling the SCs to support power peaks/store regenerative energy. As main results: Batteries lifetime improvement; More power for accelerations/better usage of regenerative energy.