SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION & EXPLORATION using NON DESTRUCTIVE GEOPHYSICAL METHODS

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1 SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION & EXPLORATION using NON DESTRUCTIVE GEOPHYSICAL METHODS

2 Geoscience Application Presentation Land Geophysical & Geotechnical Applications Marine Hydrographic & Seismic Surveys Utility Detection Archaeology & Cultural Heritage mapping Seismic Hazard Evaluation Environmental Monitoring UXO s Detection

3 Terra-Marine was established by Pavlos Sotiropoulos and Spyros Maroulakis. The company is registered in Greece and operates both locally and internationally. Terra-Marine is a consulting geologist firm specializing in Environmental & Geotechnical applications, Exploration & Mining, applied Hydrographic and Marine applications, Archaeological studies and Non Destructive testing in constructions. Terra-Marine has been involved in large scale project i.e. the Seismic Hazard evaluation & the active faults mapping along the Trans Adriatic Pipeline for TAP, Seismic & Bathymetry study in Limassol Marina for the Cybarco Ltd etc.

4 Terra Marine helps customers implement complex industrial and infrastructure projects Site mapping ancient structures graves in collaboration with Antiquity Department Site detection and mapping of lost utility networks Map voids and rebar in concrete Map cavities, faults and sinkholes Safe Shutdown Earthquake, Seismic Hazard Evaluation studies along pipeline route Aquifer detection Renewable Energy support studies Using state of the art Non Destructive Methods and hi-tech hardware & software

5 CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Utility Detection (cables, pipes, fiber optics) Accurate mapping using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) mapping & GPS position Technologies

6 CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Olympic Stadium of Athens Utility Detection & Mapping Study few days before the Olympic Games of 2004 using GPR method and in-situ marking as displayed in 2-D radiograms (on the right) Water Main Electrical Conduits Unknown Force Main

7 CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Detection of Oil pipe at the Petrola Hellas facilities (right) using GPR Mapping of the Utilities of Vasilikos industry (Cyprus) on a satellite image using GIS platform (down)

8 CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Iron Bars-cables / Concrete control Aghios Konstantinos Church: Detection of vulnerability (Humidity) zones & mapping of the wall structure Historical Building of the Academy of Athens: Cracks detection & pipe mapping using high frequency GPR

9 CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Quality Control Roadways & Railroad tracks Roadways & Railroad tracks: Mapping of stratigraphy, fracture zones, voids detection and identification of vulnerability zones (Real time data presentation and processed radiograms)

10 CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Quality Control Quality control at Chalkida Bridge: Detection of rebars and voids, Bridge deck foundation study using High Frequency (2.3 GHz) Mala Geoscience GPR system. The project was aiming the: Quality Assurance Control of structures Inspection of the inside of constructions Quality control at Rio-Antirio Bridge: Rebars and voids detection correlation with coring samples using 1.2 GHz high frequency GPR system. Cracks were identified for remediation purposes

11 CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Quality Control

12 CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Surveys for Aeolian Parks Mountain of Ktenias Tripoli Greece: A Geophysical study was implemented just before the construction of Aeolian Park aiming the analytical mapping of the stratigraphy and the detection of cavities, sinkholes & fracture zones. The final layout of the generators was modified according to the geophysical criteria (fracture zones). 2-D radiograms were presented. Red dotted lines at the following radiogram presents a fracture zone!

13 CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Dam monitoring using ERT Geo-Electrical Survey at the water barrier of Elva River at the area of Havelberg (N. Germany) : A 2-D geo-electrical survey (Geoelectrical Resistivity Tomography -ERT) was carried out at locations at the water barrier (dam) of the west bank of river Elba at the area of Havelberg (Sachen Anhalt), Germany aiming the evaluation of the dam integrity using non destructive methods. Reservoir Support fill Core Filter Electrode lines along the dam Support fill 8 6 9m Z(m) 9m Z(m) m Y(m) V Y(m) Z(m) Y(m) V V AREA OF STUDY RABEL Berlin 9m Z(m) 9m Z(m) Y(m) Y(m) V V HAVELBERG Z(m) Y(m) V log(ohm-m)

14 CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Mornos / Dam monitoring using GPR RTA 50 MHz Geophysical Study at the Dam of Mornos: A 2-D Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) study was carried out at the top and inside Mornos dam (Greece) aiming the evaluation of the dam integrity using non destructive methods. A low frequency Rough Terrain Antenna was used to get the maximum penetration depth (15 m).

15 CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Utilities mapping / Quality Control Araxos military Airport Base : Unexploded Ordinance Detection (UXO s) at the military base of Araxos using GPR non-destructive method. 500 MHz antenna was used getting a penetration of 3,5 m. Larnaca Airport: Aim of the project was to detect the main Fuel pipe and to evaluate the pipe inclination under the concrete floor of Larnaca airport. The final report was used for forensic purposes.

16 CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Utilities mapping / Quality Control Souda military Airport Base : Cavities detection and mapping in the infrastructures of Souda military Airport Base by using Non Destructive Techniques (GPR-ERT).

17 ENVIRONMENTAL Hazardous waste mapping, Carst Detection Kokkinotrimithia Cyprus: Carst, fracture zones mapping and ancient structures detection Mala Geoscience GPR System (CUII, 500 MHz shielded antenna, XV11 Monitor). 3-D presentation of the carsts Bauxite deposits mapping at Parnasos Facilities in collaboration with the School of Mining & Metallurgical Engineering of the National Technical University of Athens (CUII, 100 MHz shielded antenna)

18 ENVIRONMENTAL Tunnels Detection Keratea: Mining tunnels detection & fracture zones mapping using GPR & ERT methodology Mala Geoscience GPR System (ProEx, 25 MHz RTA, XV11 Monitor), ABEM ERT (Terrameter LS & Lund cables)

19 ENVIRONMENTAL Sedimentology studies GPR Survey at Drama Waterfalls: Sinkholes detection Mala Geoscience GPR System (ProEx, 250 MHz shielded antenna, XV11 Monitor). Sinkholes are presented at the following radargram Sedimentorlogy Survey using Electrical Resistivity Technology (ERT): ABEM Instruments (LS Resistivity System & Lund cables)

20 ENVIRONMENTAL - GEOTECHNICAL Sedimentology studies - Hazards Stratigraphy mapping & detection of vulnerability zones Mala GPR (1.6 GHz and 800 MHz shielded antennas, CUII & Mala Roadcart) Mapping the thickness of asphalt, overlays, base layers Mapping structures of asphalt Location of voids 3000 m 3100 m 3200 m

21 GEOTECHNICAL Mapping of loose cohesion Debris Material at old Hippodrome facilities

22 ARCHAEOLOGY Vardaris Station Metro of Thessaloniki: Archaeometric survey, detection of archaeological remains and structures using non-destructive Mala Geoscience GPR System (CUII, 500 MHz shielded antenna, XV11 Monitor)

23 ARCHAEOLOGY F. Rousvelt Limassol Cyprus: Archaeometric survey, detection of archaeological remains and structures using non-destructive - Mala Geoscience GPR System (ProEx, 250MHz shielded antenna, XV11 Monitor) - RTK Trimple R6 GPS Receiver System

24 ARCHAEOLOGY Archaeometric study at Rodopi Photovoltaic Park: Detection of archaeological buried structures using non-destructive techniques GeoSCAN (RM15 system). An area of ,00 m 2 were mapped in order to locate solar panels. The Antiquity Department of N. Greece approved the study and the park is in operational mode.

25 UXO s Detection on Marine Environment UXO s Detection marine application: Rhodos port detection of 120 lb bombs from the 2 nd World War (Trimple GPS, G-882 MARINE Cesium Vapor MAGNETOMETER). The above map presents the Intensity of the Magnetic Field

26 MARINE APPLICATIONS - ERT Pafos Port Marine application for the Antiquities Department of Cyprus: Ancient wall mapping using non destructive Electrical Resistivity Tomography method in the port of Pafos. 3-D maps of the under study structure (ancient wall) and 2-D slice at the depth of 2.1 m.

27 MARINE APPLICATIONS Bathymetry Seismic Surveys Hydrographic & Geophysical Study at Vassiliko Port for VTTI and Limassol Marina for Cybarco Ltd: support to geotechnical investigation to determine the design parameters necessary for the assessment of the bearing capacity of the jetty foundation. 2-D bathymetry map and cross section of the seismic data.

28 MARINE APPLICATIONS Dredging Volume Calculation Aggregates Senegal Maroko Seismic and bathymetric survey: Aim of the project was to calculate the volume of sediments to be removed in order to meet the specs of the geotechnical study and the volume of the aggregates for exploitation purposes.

29 MARINE APPLICATIONS Bathymetry Seismic Surveys Koumoundouros Lake, Greece: Aim of the project was to identify the stratigraphy of the lake and to calculate the volume of the polluted by oil products morain layer using non-destructive bathymetry and seismic methods.

30 SEISMIC HAZARD EVALUATION & ACTIVE FAULTS MAPPING ALONG PIPELINES Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) / Burgas- Alexandroupolis Pipeline (TBP): Aim of the project was: Determination of construction relevant seismic forces throughout the pipeline route Allocation and characterisation of active faults which cross the centreline of the pipeline route Location and chronology of other earthquake induced phenomena, such as soil liquefaction, landslides and settlement which have affected the proposed pipeline corridor in the past.

31 SEISMIC HAZARD EVALUATION & ACTIVE FAULTS MAPPING ALONG PIPELINES Left:The expected Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) with probability 90% not to be exceeded in the next 50 years (return period is 475 years). Estimates refer to bedrock ground conditions and have been computed with the SEISRISK III method assuming 37% attenuation variability. Right: The earthquake source zonation scheme adopted for the TAP earthquake hazard study

32 WIND FARM SURVEYS

33 PHOTOVOLTAIC PARKS SURVEYS

34 Summary: Highlighted Projects Terra-Marine has been involved in large scale project: Seismic Hazard evaluation & the active faults mapping along the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) for ILF Consulting Engineers Seismic & Bathymetry study in Limassol Marina for the Cybarco Ltd Seismic & Bathymetry study in Vassiliko area (support to geotechnical investigation to determine the design parameters necessary for the assessment of the bearing capacity of the jetty foundation) Archaeometric Study at the area of Erimi (Cyprus) for the Antiquities Department of Cyprus GEO-Electrical Survey at the water barrier of Elva River at the area of Havelberg (N. GERMANY)

35 Why to Choose Us? Solution providers! We help demanding customers successfully execute complex industrial and infrastructure projects Experts State of the Art in Marine and Land Geophysical Consulting Services Competitive due to: - Know How! more than 15 years of experience in geo-consulting - High tech equipment, sophisticated software & owners of the equipment - Solid partners - Long term Collaboration with local and International Companies & Institutes - Non Destructive Technology

36 Thanks for your attention